Umthombo: Idemokhrasi Ngoku!
Umongameli uTrump ubhengeze ngeCawe ukuba ISIS Inkokheli u-Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi wabulawa kuhlaselo lomkhosi okhethekileyo wase-US kwindawo yakhe kumntla-ntshona weSyria. NgokukaTrump, u-al-Baghdadi waqhushumba ivesti awayeyinxibile, wazibulala yena kunye nabantwana bakhe abathathu. Uhlaselo luqale ngeCawe xa iihelikopta ezisibhozo zomkhosi wase-US zibhabha zisuka kwindawo ekufutshane ne-Erbil, eIraq, zisiya emantla ntshona eSyria kwindawo yomoya elawulwa yiSyria neRussia. UBaghdadi wayekhokele ISIS ukususela 2010. Kwi-2014, wavakalisa ukudalwa kwe-Islamic State okanye i-caliphate ngexesha lentetho eMosul. Kwincopho yayo, ISIS ilawule indawo enkulu eSyria nase-Iraq kwaye yagcina umkhosi wamashumi amawaka amajoni aphuma kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100. Eli qela likwabanga uxanduva lohlaselo olubulalayo kumazwekazi amahlanu. Sithetha neendwendwe ezintathu: UJuan Cole, umbhali kunye noprofesa wembali kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan; U-Emma Beals, intatheli ephandayo ephumelele ibhaso kunye nomphandi oye wagubungela ingxabano yaseSyria ukusukela kwi2012; kunye noRami Khouri, ugxa omkhulu womgaqo-nkqubo woluntu kunye nentatheli-ehlala kwiYunivesithi yaseMelika yaseBeirut, kunye nombhali wemihlathi kwiNew Arab.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Yi le Intando yeninzi Ngoku!, Democracynow.org, Ingxelo yeMfazwe noXolo. NdinguAmy Goodman.
Ngoku sibhekisa kwingxelo yokufa kwe ISIS inkokeli Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. NgeCawa, uMongameli uTrump ubhengeze ukuba u-al-Baghdadi uziqhumisele kunye nabantwana bakhe abathathu emva kokuba imikhosi yaseMelika ekhethekileyo yahlasela indawo ekumantla ntshona eSyria apho wayezimele khona. U-Baghdadi wayekhokele into ebizwa ngokuba yi-Islamic State ukususela ngo-2010. Kwi-2014, wavakalisa ukudalwa kwe-Islamic caliphate ngexesha lentetho eMosul. Kwincopho yayo, ISIS ilawule umhlaba omninzi kulo lonke elaseSyria nase-Iraq kwaye igcine umkhosi wamashumi amawaka amajoni abulala abantu abaninzi, ukudlwengula, ukunqunyulwa iintloko kunye nokungcungcuthekisa. Eli qela likwabanga uxanduva lohlaselo olubulalayo kumazwekazi amahlanu. Uninzi lwabemi babulawa ngu ISIS babengamaSilamsi, ubukhulu becala eIraq naseSyria. Abanye abahlalutyi bathi u-al-Baghdadi waba ngqongqo emva kokuba evalelwe yimikhosi yase-US e-Iraq ngo-2004. Wabanjwa iinyanga ezili-11 kuquka nengxelo yentolongo yase-Abu Ghraib.
Ngentsasa yangeCawa, uMongameli uTrump ubhengeze ukubhubha kuka-al-Baghdadi kwidilesi kamabonakude.
PRESIDENT HLALUTYA I-TRUMP: Akukho basebenzi balahlekileyo kolu tyando, ngelixa inani elikhulu lamajoni kunye namaqabane kaBaghdadi babulawa kunye naye. Usweleke emva kokubaleka kwitonela efileyo, encwina kwaye ekhala kwaye ekhala indlela yonke. Lo mmandla wawusuliwe ngeli xesha abantu banikezela okanye badutyulwe babulawa. Abantwana abancinci abalishumi elinanye bakhutshiwe ngaphandle kwendlu kwaye abenzakalanga. Ekuphela kwabantu abaseleyo yaba nguBaghdadi etoneleni kwaye wayerhuqe abathathu kubantwana bakhe abancinci kunye naye. Bakhokelelwa ekufeni okuqinisekileyo. Wafika ekupheleni kwetonela njengoko izinja zethu zimgxotha. Walayita ivesti yakhe, wazibulala yena nabantwana abathathu. Umzimba wakhe wonakele ngenxa yokuqhushumba. Itonela lalingene kuyo, ukongeza. Kodwa iziphumo zovavanyo zinike uchongo oluqinisekileyo, olukhawulezileyo noluqinisekileyo ngokupheleleyo; ibinguye. Umgulukudu owazama ngamandla ukugrogrisa abanye wachitha ixesha lakhe lokugqibela esoyika, esoyika kwaye esoyika, esoyika imikhosi yaseMelika.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Uhlaselo luqale ngeCawe xa iihelikopta ezisibhozo zomkhosi wase-US zibhabha zisuka kwindawo ekufutshane ne-Erbil, eIraq, zisiya emantla ntshona eSyria kwindawo yomoya elawulwa yiSyria neRussia. I ENew York Times IiKurds zaseSyria kunye neIraqi zibonelele ngobukrelekrele ngakumbi kuhlaselo kunalo naliphi na ilizwe. Uhlaselo luza kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba uMongameli uTrump eshiye inkxaso yakhe kumaKurds kumantla eSyria, ukukhanya okuluhlaza kuhlaselo lwaseTurkey lwakutsha nje. I-US yabiza umsebenzi ojolise ku-al-Baghdadi emva kukaKayla Mueller, umsebenzi woncedo waseMelika owathinjwa ngu. ISIS emva kokuwela umda waseTurkey ukuya eSiriya ukuya kutyelela esibhedlele ngo-2013. Wafa ngo-2015 kodwa umzimba wakhe awuzange ufunyenwe. Wadlwengulwa ngu-al-Baghdadi ngokwakhe.
Ngoku sidityaniswe ziindwendwe ezintathu. ELondon, u-Emma Beals ukunye nathi, intatheli yophando ephumelele ibhaso, umphandi othe wagubungela impixano yaseSyria ukusukela ngo-2012, umhleli we "Syria in Context." EAnn Arbor, eMichigan, uJuan Cole, unjingalwazi wembali kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan. Ibhlog yakhe "Inkcazo enolwazi" ikwi-intanethi JuanCole.com. Ungumbhali weencwadi ezininzi, kuquka UMuhammad: uMprofeti woXolo phakathi kokungqubana kwezikumkani kwaye Ukubandakanya iHlabathi lamaSilamsi. Kwaye eBoston, uRami Khouri, ugxa omkhulu kumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu kunye nentatheli ehlala kwiYunivesithi yaseMelika yaseBeirut. Ungumntu ongengomhlali ophezulu kwiSikole seHarvard Kennedy kuMbindi Mpuma kwaye ungumbhali wemihlathi. IArabhu eNtsha. UJuan Cole, masiqale nawe. Impendulo yakho ekufeni kuka-al-Baghdadi?
JUAN COLE: Ewe, ndicinga ukuba kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuba umbutho awayewukhokela, ISIL, yaphuhliswa ekuqaleni njenge-al-Qaeda eMesopotamiya kwaye yavela ngokusabela kuhlaselo lwase-US kunye nokuhlala kwe-Iraq. Kwaye ke umkhosi ofanayo we-kinetic wase-US owenziwe ngandlela thile ungaqondanga ISIL ngoku iphelile enye yeenkokeli zayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ayikhange iyitshabalalise intlangano okanye impembelelo esemva kwayo. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba nabani na ucinga ukuba ukusebenza komkhosi we-kinetic kule ndawo yehlabathi kuya kusombulula zonke iingxaki, baphazama kakhulu.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kwaye ukubaluleka kwe-al-Baghdadi? Ngelixa uMongameli uTrump wayethetha ngokubulawa kwabasebenzi bezoncedo base-US kunye neentatheli, ukudlwengulwa kukaKayla Mueller, naye owafa kwibhombu eSyria apho wayevalelwe khona, inyani yile yokuba-kwaye mhlawumbi ezi ntatheli kunye nabasebenzi boncedo bebeya kuba nako. yaba ngabokuqala ukuyichaza le ntoโi-ISIS ibulele amawaka amaSilamsi.
JUAN COLE: Ewe. Kulungile, ISIL baphuhlise iqhingaโlicebo labanqolobiโnjengeqela elincinane elalifuna ukuvela njengorhulumente, koko lalikubiza ngokuba kukusebenza njengezilo. Kwaye yayingamabom ukoyikisa abantu macala onke ukuba bazithobe ukuze baqinisekise utshaba ukuba alunabungozi ngenxa yokuba bangenza ngendlela yoburhamncwa nobundlobongela obunjalo. Ngeendlela ezininzi, yasebenza. Boyikisa abantu abaninziโkwizinga eliphezulu, izigidiโukuba bazithobe. Amajoni aseIraq awayesilwa athetha ngokoyikeka kokungena ezindleleni aze ajongane namadoda anokutsibela ezantsi ukusuka eluphahleni ukuya kuwo ephethe amabhanti eziqhushumbisi zokuzibulala aze awadubule. Yayingekokulwa ngesandla; yayiyimfazwe yokudubula ngesandla.
Kwaye ke lo mgaqo-nkqubo woburhamncwa wawukwalicebo leendaba ukutsala abalandeli. Enye yeenzuzo ababezifuna yayikukufumana ababefudula bengamajoni aqeqeshwe kakhulu asuka eYurophu abanokuthi babathelele. Yaye imigaqo-nkqubo yabo yayiyilelwe ukutsala abantu abanogonyamelo abanolu qeqesho.
Esi sicwangciso-qhinga, nangona kunjalo, sinemiqobo enzima ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngakumbi ukuba ubuzama ukulawula urhulumente, kuya kwenza ukuba ungathandwa kakhulu, kungekuphela nje ngabemi bakho, kodwa nabamelwane bonke. Kwaye kukuphikiswa okuyimfuneko kwi ISIL iqhinga abazama ukuqhubeka nokusebenza njengombutho wabanqolobi xa sele benedilesi eyaziwayo. Ekuphela kwendlela abanqolobi abanokuthi baphumelele ngayo kukuba abanakukufumana. Kodwa ukuba unemali, ugwetyelwe.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Okokugqibela, ungasixelela, Juan Cole, ngembali ka-Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi? Ngamafutshane, ukuba wavuka njani ukuba abe namandla, yintoni imvelaphi yakhe, ukuthinjwa kwakhe-ukuba ekuthinjweni kwe-US emva kokuqala kwemfazwe yase-Iraq, ukuhlasela kwe-US e-Iraq?
JUAN COLE: Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ewe, u-al-Baghdadi wayengenguye, njengoko ebhengezwa, isifundiswa samaSilamsi. Akazange aphumelele kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Wakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwindawo eyayibizwa ngokuba yiYunivesiti yamaSilamsi yaseBaghdad, eyayiliziko elikumgangatho ophantsi e-Baathist Iraq. Kubonakala ngathi uye washumayela ezinye iintshumayelo kwi-mosque yendawo njengohlobo lwamavolontiya. Kwaye emva koko wabanjwa ngo-2004 kunye nabanye oogxa bakhe.
Umkhosi wase-US e-Iraq uya kubamba inani elikhulu labantu ukuba bebekufutshane nje nebhombu okanye isenzo sokuchasa umsebenzi wase-US. Ngalo naliphi na ixesha, babenama-Iraqi angama-25,000, uninzi lwama-Arabhu angamaSunni, ekuthinjweni. Ezi ntolongo zasebenza njengethuba, nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abachasi baseIraq ukuba banxibelelane nabanye, kwaye u-al-Baghdadi ubonakala edibene nabanye abantu ababeyila. ISIL naye apho ekuthinjweni e-US.
Kwavela umbutho owawuchasa ukuhlasela kwe-US ebizwa ngokuba yi-al-Qaeda eMesopotamia. Inkokeli yawo yabulawaโuAbu Musab al-Zarqawiโngowama-2006. UBaghdadi wangena kulo mbutho. Ngo-2010, wavela njengenkokeli yalo. Wenze izinto ezintsha ngendlela yokuba wayecinga ukuba i-al-Qaeda yayingalunganga ngokubandakanyeka nje kubunqolobi ngethemba lokuwenza buthathaka urhulumente ukuze ekugqibeleni kuvuke uguquko. Wayecinga ukuba kukho ithuba, kuba indima yase-US e-Iraq yayibuthathaka kwaye yayitshabalalisa urhulumente, ukuba ithathe kwaye ibambe indawo phantsi kwempumlo yaseMelika.
Nantso ke into awaqala ukuyenza, kwaye yiyo yonke loo nto eyahlula amaqhinga akhe, kukuba wayecinga ukuba kukho ithuba apha lokudala izakhiwo zombuso. Kwaye ngo-2014, xa umbutho wathatha i-40% ye-Iraq waza wenza i-Mosul iziko layo lokusebenza e-Iraqi, wazichaza njenge-caliph, uhlobo lopopu wamaSilamsi, kakhulu ekugculeleni uninzi lwehlabathi lamaSilamsi, kodwa latsala umdla, kwakhona. , abanye abalweli bogonyamelo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngaba wayebanjwe yimikhosi yase-US? Ngaba wayevalelwe yi-US mhlawumbi e-Abu Ghraib okanye kwezinye iindawo?
JUAN COLE: Ewe, wayesentolongweni, njengoko sisazi, kwizandla zase-US kwi-2004 iinyanga ezininzi. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo yayiyenye yemvelaphi yeradicalization yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlaliswa kwe-US e-Iraq kwakunzima ngokwaneleyo. Abantu bayalibala ngoku-izigidi ezine zase-Iraqis kwi-26 yezigidi ngelo xesha zagxothwa kumakhaya abo kwaye bangenamakhaya, kungekhona ngokuthe ngqo ngokuhlala e-US, kodwa ngenxa yoko. Kwafa amakhulu amawaka. Ama-Arabhu angamaSunni ngequbuliso ajongwa ngokurhanelwa ngurhulumente omtsha okhokelwa ngamaShiite.
Abaninzi babesebenzela urhulumente waseBaath kaSaddam Hussein, bagxothwa emisebenzini yabo. Ikhulu lamawaka lagxothwa emisebenzini karhulumente. Ukwanda kwentswela-ngqesho, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-75% yentswela-ngqesho, iphuhliswe kwiindawo zama-Sunni Arab.
Kwaye ke esi yayisisiganeko esibuhlungu kuma-Arabs aseSunni ase-Iraq, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, yatshintsha izigidi zabo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ndicinga ukuba i-US yatshabalalisa enye indlela yobusoshiyali e-Iraq ngabom, enye yeendlela ezimbalwa zobutshantliziyo zabo ezazisele yayiyi-hyper Sunni fundamentalism, eyayinoburhalarhume kakhulu kwintiyo yayo kubantu basemzini namaShiite. Kodwa le yinguqu yobusuku nemini yeSunni Arab Iraq, ethe, njengoko benditshilo, ubukhulu becala ibicinga ngehlabathi kwaye yade yala ubuSilamsi njengenkolo yaseburhulumenteni.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Siza kuphuma siphinde sibuyele kule ngxoxo. Sithetha noNjingalwazi uJuan Cole kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan, uAnn Arbor. Siza kungenisa uRami Khouri, okwiSikolo iHarvard Kennedy, kunye no-Emma Beals, intatheli ephandayo ephumelele ibhaso ekhoyo ngoku eLondon. Hlala nathi.
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NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Yi le Intando yeninzi Ngoku!, โDemocracynow.orgโ:https://www.democracynow.org, Ingxelo yeMfazwe noXolo. NdinguAmy Goodman. Njengoko sixoxa ngokusweleka kuka-Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, siya kuMongameli uTrump esenza isibhengezo ngeCawa.
PRESIDENT HLALUTYA I-TRUMP: Ewe, siyabazi abalandelayo, kwaye sele sibafumene emehlweni ethu, kwaye siya kukuxelela oko ngoku. Kodwa siyabazi abalandelayo. UHamza Bin Laden wayeyinto enkulu, kodwa le yeyona inkulu ekhoyo. Le yeyona nto imbi kakhulu. U-Osama bin Laden wayemkhulu kakhulu, kodwa u-Osama bin Laden waba mkhulu kunye neWorld Trade Centre. Le yindoda eyakha yonke into - njengoko ebengathanda ukuyibiza - ilizwe, i-caliphate - kwaye wayezama ukuyenza kwakhona.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ke nguMongameli uTrump esenza isibhengezo sokubhubha kuka-Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ngeCawe kusasa. Kuyabonakala ukuba, waxelela iRussia ngaphambi kokuba axelele iinkokheli zengqungquthela yase-US, ngakumbi isithethi seNdlu uNancy Pelosi. Iindwendwe zethu nguJuan Cole weYunivesithi yaseMichigan, uAnn Arbor; U-Emma Beals, intatheli ephumelele ibhaso eliye lagubungela iSyria iminyaka; kunye noRami Khouri weSikolo iHarvard Kennedy. Rami, ukuba unokuphendula kwiindaba zokufa kuka-al-Baghdadi kunye nokubaluleka koku, oko kuthetha ntoni, kwaye yintoni kanye uMongameli Trump athethe izolo.
RAMI KOURI: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yindlela ende yolu hlobo lobunqolobi kunye neentshukumo zabantu kulo lonke ilizwe lama-Arabhu, kodwa nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi-e-Asiya nakwezinye iindawo zaseAfrika. Kodwa undoqo wale ntshukumo ubukwingingqi yama-Arabhu. Kwaye isixelela ukuba ngenene kukho ingxaki eneentloko ezimbini apha. Enye yindalo yala maqela amancinci afana ne-al-Qaeda, njenge ISIS kunye nabanye abambalwa, abadala amaqela asemthethweni kwaye benza izenzo zobunqolobi. Kwaye ISIS yayikude ngokudala into ebizwa ngokuba yimeko engazange ihlale ixesha elide.
Kodwa enye inxalenye yoku, ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye i-United States kunye namazwe ase-Arab kunye namazwe aseYurophu kunye neRashiya kwaye phantse wonke umntu ehlabathini ubonakala engafuni okanye engakwazi ukuyivuma, kukuba la maqela aluphawu lweseti yesakhiwo esinzulu. Uxinzelelo, ukungalingani, iimfuno ezingafezekiyo kunye nokugqwetheka kwenxalenye enkulu yelizwe lama-Arabhu - ingeyiyo yonke, kodwa uninzi lwalo - okudala amakhulu ezigidi, ngokoqobo amakhulu aliqela ezigidi amadoda nabafazi kunye neentsapho zama-Arabhu ezikufuna ngamandla ukuphila. ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Yaye iqaqobana labo liyaqhekeka lize lizibandakanye nala maqelaโinani elincinane kakhuluโkodwa inani elikhulu lama-Arabhu akule meko liphandle ezitratweni. Uyababona namhlanje. Layita iTV yakho okanye ujonge iifidi zakho zeendaba. ILebhanon, iJordani, iIraq, iMorocco, iSudan, iAlgeriaโkuwo wonke umhlaba wama-Arabhu, unezigidi ngezigidi zabantu ababonisayo.
Kwaye le yingxaki enzulu. Ngoko al-Qaeda kunye ISIS ziluphawu lweengxaki ezinzulu, kwaye ukuba ezo ngxaki zinzulu azilungiswanga ngamazwe ase-Arabhu ngokwawo, iinkokeli ezikhokelwa ngumkhosi ubukhulu becala, okanye ngamagunya angaphandle athe axhasa ezi nkokheli zama-Arabhu zingoozwilakhe kangangesithuba seminyaka engamashumi amane okanye amahlanu ngoku-ukuba loo miba. azilungiswanga, siyakuhlala sifumana ezi ntlobo zeentshukumo zivela ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Kwaye khumbula, yaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1930 kunye nee-1940 kunye noBuzalwane bamaSilamsi obungenabundlobongela eYiphutha kunye nenxalenye [engavakaliyo]. Yaye abambalwa kubo baba nogonyamelo kamva. Bambulala uSadat. Benza ezinye izinto. Kodwa intshukumo engenabundlobongela yaqala. Kwaye emva koko waba ne-Hamas kunye ne-Hezbollah eyavela njengemibutho ephikisayo yezopolitiko ekhokelwa yinkolo, ubukhulu becala isabela kulawulo lwama-Israeli kwimihlaba yama-Arabhu. Baye baphumelela kakhulu kwezomkhosi kwaye benza izenzo zobunqolobi apha naphaya, kodwa ubukhulu becala, yayiziintshukumo zokuchasa. Kwaye emva koko, uye wafumana i-al-Qaeda kwaye wayifumana ISIS kwaye unamashumi kunye namashumi eentshukumo ezi ntshukumo eSyria.
Ngoko unokubona ukuqhubela phambili kwembali, kwaye lo ngumba omkhulu ngokwenene. Ke ukubulala i-Baghdadi yinto ebalulekileyo yexeshana elifutshane kwiqela elilindele ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka. Ngokucacileyo iye yahlengahlengisa inkqubo yayo yombutho kunye neendlela zayo zokusebenza ukuze ingatshatyalaliswa xa inkokeli ibulawa. Kwaye babekulindele oku.
Kwaye kunjalo, useza kufumana ISIS ukuzama ukwenza uloyiko kunye nokuhlaselwa ngogonyamelo emkhosini apha naphaya, kodwa ingxaki enkulu kukuba uninzi lwabantu abahluphekayo kwilizwe lama-Arabhu bayabandezeleka ngenxa yolawulo olunegunya abaphila phantsi kwalo, ukungalingani kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. , iziphumo eziqhubekayo ze-100 zemfazwe ye-Arab-Israel kunye nokuqhubeka kwe-Israel colonization kumazwe ase-Arab kunye nenkxaso eqhubekayo yamagunya amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ukuya kwesi simo se-quo, esandula kuboniswa e-US kunye neBhritane kunye ne-French inxaxheba esebenzayo emfazweni. eYemen, imfazwe yaseLibya, ukuxhasa uSisi waseYiputa kunye nayo nayiphi na enye imeko ofuna ukuyijonga kuMbindi Mpuma.
Ke lowo ngumfanekiso omkhulu. Kwaye iUnited States ayiyiqondi, kwaye uninzi lweenkokheli zama-Arabhu okanye iinkokeli zangaphandle. Kwaye oku kuyingxaki, kuba kuthetha ukuba siza kuqhubeka kule trajectory kunye ne-radicalization ngakumbi, ubundlobongela kunye nokubandezeleka okungaphezulu. Kwaye uninzi lokubandezeleka kwenziwa ngama-Arabhu namaSilamsi.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: U-Emma Beals, ngeCawa ubhale kwi-tweet, ucaphula, "Ukusweleka kukaBaghdadi kuya kuba kukutya kweendaba zase-US kwiintsuku ezizayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uninzi ISIS amaxhoba aseSiriya nase-Iraq. Oku kubalulekile kubo. Kananjalo, i-Idlib ngoku ikwimeko eyingozi ngakumbi kunangaphambili, ngakumbi, abantu abangekhoyo, โukugqibela ucaphula. U-Baghdadi wayezifihle e-Idlib, indawo yokugqibela yabachasayo eSyria. Thetha ngento oyika ukuba iya kwenzeka apho ngoku.
I-EMMA IBHAHLA: Ke uloyiko olukhulu lwe-Idlib, eyeyokugqibela kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-deescalation, eziyinxalenye yesivumelwano sase-Astana phakathi kwe-Iran, iRussia kunye neTurkey apho baya kuthi banciphise ubutshaba kwezo ndawo. Kodwa into esiyibonileyo yeminye imimandla emithathu yokuthotywa iphantsi kwamaphulo amakhulu omkhosi kwaye ibuyele kurhulumente waseSyria. Kwaye loo nto yayiza kwenzeka e-Idlib ngandlela thile. Kwaye umbonile urhulumente waseRussia ekhankasela ngokuchasene ne-Idlib kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zidlulileyo, kwaye kuye kwamiswa mva nje.
Ngoku, eyona ngxoxo inkulu abanayo yokuqhuba lo msebenzi e-Idlib bubukho Hts, eyayisakuba yimbumba ye-al-Qaeda, kwaye ibekwe phantsi kwezigqibo zeBhunga lezoKhuseleko malunga nommandla njengoko uthathwa njengabanqolobi nguye wonke umntu, ukusuka e-US ukuya kurhulumente waseSyria naye wonke umntu ophakathi. Kwaye ingxaki kukho ngokusisiseko ukuba ngenxa yobukho Hts kulo mmandla, abantu abazizigidi ezithathu abahlala apho, uninzi lwabo baye bafuduswa kwezinye iindawo zaseSyria ngenxa yongquzulwano kwaye baye bafuduswa ukuya kumatyeli alishumi, ngoku basengozini kakhulu kweli phulo lomkhosi elikhulu. Okwangoku, abanandawo yokuya. Umda oya eTurkey uvaliwe. Abakwazi ukubaleka ukuba iphulo liqala kwakhona.
Kwaye ke uloyiko lokwenyani kukuba ngenxa yokuba i-Baghdadi yafunyanwa e-Idlib, ukuba izimele kwindawo leyo-nto leyo eza njengento eyothusayo kuba amahlakani e-al-Qaeda kunye nabangaphambili be-al-Qaeda baye babachasa kakhulu. ISIS ngokwembali-uloyiko kukuba i-Idlib ijongwa kuphela ngelensi echasene nezothuso, ekuye kwakho umkhwa wokwenza emva kwexesha. Kodwa ukuba ibonwa kuphela kwilensi yokulwa nobugrogrisi, unezigidi ezithathu zabemi abaswele kakhulu, abaye bafuduswa amatyeli aliqela kulo lonke ungquzulwano olwandisiweyo, abakwimeko elusizi yobuntu kwaye ngoku banokuzifumana bengakumbi. Umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa ngenxa yolu hlobo lwelensi yokoyikisa abantu abajonge kuyo Idlib.
Ewe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujongana naloo maqela, nokuba ngawo ISIS okanye indibaniselwano ye-al-Qaeda okanye imibutho yangaphambili ye-al-Qaeda. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uyijonge njengomba wokhuseleko lwabahlali, xa uthetha ngala manani amakhulu abantu abahlala apho abangenayo enye indawo abanokuya kuyo. Kwaye olona loyiko lokwenyani endathi ndanalo ngoko nangoko, kubantu base-Idlib, xa ndeva ezi ndaba.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Emma, โโusebenze nzima ukuzama ukuba ezinye zezi ntatheli zikhululwe. Ububazi. Ewe, uKayla Mueller, owadlwengulwa ngu-al-Baghdadi ngokwakhe, wayeya kuba ngowokuqala ukubonisa njengomsebenzi woncedo loluntu, njengomlweli woxolo, ukuba amaSilamsi amaninzi abulawa phantsi. ISIS. Abasetyhini baseYazidi badlwengulwa ngu ISIS. Ukuba ubunokuthetha ngeenzame zakho, kwaye wazi bani ukuba ngubani owafayo?
I-EMMA IBHAHLA: Ewe, siluluntu olusondeleyo, thina sisebenza kwezi ndawo, ngoko besisazi okanye besisazi wonke umntu obanjiweyo. Ayindim kuphela, kodwa uninzi lwabalingane bam abasebenza kule ndawo bachaphazeleka ngokobuqu koku. Kwaye ngokucacileyo, xa oogxa bethu bathatyathwa, senze konke ebesinako ngaphakathi kohlobo olulinganiselweyo lwamandla esinawo njengabantu ngabanye, ukuzama ukunceda ukuba bakhululwe, kwaye oko ekugqibeleni akuzange kuphumelele.
Kodwa ndicinga ukuba yintoni ebalulekileyo ukuyikhumbula, nangona kunjalo, kukuba ubulungisa kwabo babanjwa baseMelika buza ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokucacileyo, ukusweleka kukaBaghdadi kubaluleke kakhulu njengomba omkhulu ongumfuziselo. Nguye owayephethe xa babebanjwa baze babulawe. Wenza nje izinto ezothusayo kubo bonke abantu abahlala kwiindawo awayezilawula eSiriya nase-Iraq. Kodwa nokuba ujonga nje kubathinjwa baseNtshona ngokwabo, kukho abantu ababini kwiqela elaziwa ngokuba ziiBeatles abathathe inxaxheba ekuvalelweni nasekubulaweni kwabo babanjwa, baye babanjwaโ
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Cacisa ukuba uthetha ukuthini xa ucaphula, "Beatles."
I-EMMA IBHAHLA: Ngoko ke iqela le ISIS abalweli ababeye bavalelwa kwaye babe yinxalenye yokubulala amabanjwa aseNtshona, ababini kubo baye-baye babizwa ngokuba yi-Beatles ngabathinjwa ngokwabo, kwaye yindlela abaye baziwa ngayo kumaphephandaba. Ke ababini kubo-ke omnye wabo, uJihadi John, obizwa ngokuba nguJihadi John, wabulawa kugwayimbo lwe-drone ngo-2015, kwaye ababini kubo bavalelwe emantla mpuma eSyria ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibini ngoku. Kwaye kuye kwakho umngxuma opheleleyo malunga nokuzama ukubafaka ematyaleni, malunga nokuzama ukubona ubulungisa bokwenyani busenziwa ngokubazisa e-UK okanye e-US ukuze bame ityala kunye nobungqina bezinto abazenzileyo.
Ke ngokwemiqathango yokubiza amagama abo babanjwa kwintetho kaTrump, ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo kukho ngqo-ngokukodwa noKayla, ikhonkco elithe ngqo kuBaghdadi nakwabanye, kuba wayelawula ngelo xesha, kodwa kubalulekile. ukukhumbula ukuba ubulungisa abukho nje malunga nomsebenzi wasemkhosini. Kwakhona malunga nokuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lomthetho, ukuzisa ISIS abalweli kubulungisa kwabo bathinjwa baseNtshona, kunye noluntu lommandla olwachatshazelwa ngabo lubaluleke kakhulu ngokunjalo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ndandifuna ukubuyela kuMongameli Trump. Uninzi lweekliphu zithathwe kwinxalenye yokuqala yesibhengezo awasenza ngeCawe kusasa. Kodwa emva koko waqhubela phambili, egingqika ngamandla.
PRESIDENT HLALUTYA I-TRUMP: Uyazi, aba bantu bakrelekrele kakhulu. Azisekho ekusebenziseni iiselfowuni kwakhona. Azikhoโzikrelekrele kakhulu ngokobugcisa. Uyazi, basebenzisa i-intanethi ngcono kunaye nabani na emhlabeni, mhlawumbi ngaphandle kukaDonald Trump. Kodwa basebenzisa i-intanethi ngokumangalisayo. Kwaye into abayenzileyo nge-intanethi ngokuqesha kunye nayo yonke into-kwaye yiyo loo nto wafa njengenja. Wafa njengegwala. Wayencwina, ekhala kwaye elila.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: UJuan Cole, izimvo zikaMongameli uTrump, ukusuka kwizinja ukuya kwi-intanethi?
JUAN COLE: Ewe, uTrump yinkokeli ephazamisayo kakhulu ngengqiqo yokuba wasinika ifilimu yesnuff, ifilimu ethetha ngokufa okunobundlobongela komntu, njengohlobo lokuzonwabisa, ndiyacinga. Kwaye enye impoxo kukuba ISIL nguvulindlela kwi-intanethi oko kubizwa ngokuba bubugrogrisi bestochastic. Uninzi lwabanqolobi luqhutywa ziiseli ezilungelelanisiweyo ezinomlinganiselo othile womyalelo nolawulo. Enye yezinto ISIL okwenziwa njengenxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo wawo wokulwa namarhamncwa yayikukucela abantu ukuba benze izenzo zogonyamelo njengelinge lokudodobalisa. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba ibhenele kubantu abakwi-intanethi abasele benomsindo kwaye bengazinzanga, bahlala begula ngengqondo, kwaye baya kuphuma benze ubundlobongela, emva koko bathi ISIL Nangona ISIL wayengazi nto ngayo. Yayiphuma nje kwi-Twitter okanye kwi-Facebook meme.
Ngeendlela ezininzi, nangona ingekho nesiphumo esicwangcisiweyo esifanayo, uTrump ukwanoxanduva lomlinganiselo othile wobunqolobi bestochastic. Umdubuli wase-El Paso oqhube iiyure ezilishumi ukuba abulale abantu baseLatino baseMelika, ngokuvuma kwakhe, ubuncinci buphefumlelwe ziimemes eziphuma kuLawulo lukaTrump. Oku sikubonile kwamanye amalinge okuhlasela iimosque eUnited States.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ukubizela abahlaseli baseSpanishi kunyaka ophelileyo kwindlu yesikhungu yasePittsburgh apho kwabulawa abanquli bamaJuda abali-11.
JUAN COLE: Ewe, uTrump uye wamkela kwaye abantu abamngqongileyo basebenzise olu lwimi lokutshintsha, okuyithiyori yeyelenqe elikude lasekunene ukuba uluntu lwamaJuda aseMelika lufuna ukuzisa abaphambukeli ukuba bathathe indawo yabantu abamhlophe, kwaye ke benza ukuba amaYuda aseMelika ajongwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo bubuxoki obubi. Kodwa ezi ntlobo zeememes ze-intanethi, ezinokuthi ISIL kweminye yaba nguvulindlela njengemithombo yobundlobongela, ngoku ithathwe yiMelika ekunene, yona ngokwayo luhlobo olucwangcisiweyo oluncinci kodwa olubulalayo kakhulu. ISIS-njengomsebenzi.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ekugqibeleni, ndifuna ukuya eRami Khouri. UkwiSikolo saseHarvard Kennedy, kodwa uhlala useLebhanon. Thetha ngokubaluleka koqhanqalazo olwenzeka apho kwaye ngoku luqhanqalazo oluvuselelweyo e-Iraq.
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