Umthombo: Idemokhrasi Ngoku!
I-United States kunye ne-China yenza isibhengezo esimangalisayo ngoLwesithathu kwingqungquthela yemozulu ye-UN e-Glasgow ngesibambiso esihlangeneyo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-methane kunye nokucotha kokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi. I-United States yeyona ndawo inkulu yokukhupha ikhabhoni kwimbali, ngelixa i-China ibiyeyona mitter inkulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Njengoko uthetha-thethwano luqhubeka, sithetha nentatheli yaseBritane uGeorge Monbiot kunye nososayensi wemozulu waseBritane uKevin Anderson malunga nendlela iinkokeli zehlabathi kunye noososayensi bemozulu abayijongela phantsi imeko yonxunguphalo yemozulu. “Yonke into ebesiyiva apha kwiindibano ezingama-25 ezidlulileyo isiphazamiso,” utshilo uMonbiot, esongeza ukuba iinkokeli zehlabathi “zinokulungisa” ezona mpembelelo zimbi zemozulu “ngexesha konke konke ukuba ziyafuna.” Zombini iindwendwe ziqaqambisa indima yobutyebi obugqithileyo ekuphembeleleni ingxaki yemozulu, uAnderson ephawula ukuba akulunganga ukohlwaya amazwe afana neTshayina, ekunyuka kwawo ukukhutshwa kwemveliso kuhambelana nokuveliswa kweempahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe afumileyo. "Ulingano kufuneka lube yinxalenye ephambili kwiimpendulo zethu," utshilo uAnderson.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Yi le Intando yeninzi Ngoku!, democracynow.org, Ingxelo Yemfazwe Nezoxolo. Oku kubalwa kweMozulu. Ndingu-Amy Goodman, waseNew York, naye ndijoyine Intando yeninzi Ngoku! Nermeen Sheikh Molo, Nermeen.
I-NEMEEN I-SHAIKH: Molo, Amy. Kwaye wamkelekile kubaphulaphuli bethu kunye nababukeli kwilizwe liphela nakwihlabathi liphela.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ewe, siza kuhamba ngoku ukuya kwingqungquthela yemozulu ye-UN eGlasgow, eSkotlani, apho iUnited States neChina zenze isibhengezo esimangalisayo izolo malunga nezicwangciso zokusebenza kunye ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, kuquka amanyathelo okunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane kunye nokucotha. ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. I-United States yeyona ndawo inkulu yokukhupha i-carbon emissions, ngelixa i-China ibiyeyona mitter inkulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona i-US ivelisa izinto ezikhutshwayo ezingaphezulu kakhulu nge-capita nganye kune-China. U-Xie Zhenhua, umthunywa wokutshintsha kwemozulu eTshayina, uthethe eGlasgow ngoLwesithathu.
XIE ZHENHUA: [Iguqulelwe] Imozulu ngumngeni oqhelekileyo ojongene noluntu kwaye iya kuba nefuthe kwintlalontle yezizukulwana ezizayo. Iya ingxamiseka kwaye ibukhali, iguqula umceli mngeni wexesha elizayo ube yingxaki eyenzekayo ngoku. Kummandla wokutshintsha kwemozulu, kukho isivumelwano esingakumbi phakathi kweTshayina ne-United States kunokwahlukana, oko kuyenza ibe yindawo enesakhono esikhulu sentsebenziswano. Ngeentsuku ezimbini ezishiyekileyo de kuphele ingqungquthela, sinethemba lokuba esi sibhengezo sidibeneyo siya kuba ligalelo le-China kunye ne-United States kwimpumelelo yayo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Umthunywa wemozulu kaMongameli Biden, uJohn Kerry, uthethe kwingqungquthela yemozulu ye-UN ngoLwesithathu.
UYOHANE KERRY: I-United States kunye ne-China azinakho ukunqongophala kweyantlukwano, kodwa kwimozulu-kwimozulu, intsebenziswano kuphela kwendlela yokwenza lo msebenzi wenziwe. Le ayisiyonto yokuzikhethela, ngokuphandle. Le yinzululwazi. Zimathematika kunye nefiziksi eziyalela indlela ekufuneka sihambe ngayo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Isivumelwano esihlangeneyo sase-US-China safika kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba umbhalo ukhutshiwe idrafti kwisivumelwano saseGlasgow. Uyilo luhlaba ikhwelo kumazwe ukuba aqinise izicwangciso zawo zemozulu kwaye akhawulezise ukupheliswa kwamalahle, kunye noncedo lwenkxaso yezibaso zefosili. Kodwa uninzi lwamaqela obulungisa bemozulu aluphoxile uyilo lokungafuni ukuba amazwe enze okungakumbi ukulungisa imeko kaxakeka.
Ngengqungquthela yemozulu ye-UN ecwangciselwe ukuphela ngolwesiHlanu, sidityaniswe ngabagxeki ababini abaphambili baseBritane malunga nendlela olusingathwa ngayo unxunguphalo lwemozulu kule ngqungquthela. UGeorge Monbiot unathi, intatheli, umbhali, umbhali wemihlathi kunye Guardian. Uye wabamba inkqubo yemihla ngemihla evela eGlasgow COP26.tv ebizwa I-Monbiosis. Eyona ncwadi yakhe yamva nje inesihloko Ngaphandle kweWreckage: Ipolitiki eNtsha yeXesha leMbandezelo. Eyakhe yamva nje Qhekeza in Guardian, "Yenza ubutyebi obugqithisileyo buphele: kuphela kwendlela yokuphepha ukuwohloka kwemozulu." Siphinde sidibane noKevin Anderson, uprofesa wamandla kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kwiYunivesithi yaseManchester kunye neYunivesithi yase-Uppsala eSweden. Ungumlawuli wangaphambili weZiko laseTyndall loPhando ngoTshintsho lweMozulu.
Kevin, masiqale ngawe. Kevin Anderson, uthi isayensi isecaleni loluntu, kungekhona, njengoko ubiza, i-climate glitterti okanye abaxoxisi okanye izazinzulu zemozulu. Ngaba unokucacisa?
KEVIN NOBANI: Uxolo, Amy, kuya kufuneka uyithethe kwakhona. Akuzange kufike ngokucacileyo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ndithetha nje uthe isayensi ikwicala loluntu, hayi abaxoxisi baseGlasgow.
KEVIN NOBANI: Ewe. Ewe, oku kubuyela ngokwenene kwikliphu obunayo evela kuJoe Biden [Sic], xa wathi okubalulekileyo yifiziksi nezibalo. Kwaye ifiziksi kunye nezibalo zicace gca apha. Ukuba siza kuphumeza izibophelelo, ukuzibophelela kwe-1.5 degree C, umzekelo, uJoe Biden akwenzileyo kwi-G7 communiqué ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, izibalo kunye nefiziksi zisixelela ukuba, kwizinto ezikhutshwayo ngoku, sineminyaka esibhozo kwizinto ezikhutshwayo ngoku. ithuba elihle kwi-1.5, kwaye nakwithuba langaphandle kwi-1.5 degrees centigrade, thina kuphela iminyaka eyi-14.
Ke, xa umamele iifowuni eziphuma kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo yoluntu, zihambelana kakhulu namazinga otshintsho ahambelana nesayensi kunokuba usiva malunga nezi ngxoxo zingacacanga phakathi kweenkokeli zehlabathi malunga nekamva. intsebenziswano ukwenza unciphiso oluncinci lokukhutshwayo okuvela kumazwe abo. Ke, abathethi nangayiphi na indlela ngokuhambelana nefiziksi kunye nezibalo ezivuswa nguJoe Biden. Kodwa, eneneni, abaqhankqalazi kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni, kumsebenzi wabo abasebenzisana nawo ekuhlaleni, yonke loo nto ihambelana kakhulu nento efunwa yinzululwazi.
I-NEMEEN I-SHAIKH: Kwaye, uKevin Anderson, ungatsho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yintoni kanye kanye inzululwazi ecebisa ngayo ezi zi-emitters zikhulu, i-US kunye ne-China, kufanele ukuba ziyayenza?
KEVIN NOBANI: Ewe, kufuneka - sikwimeko emaxongo ngoku. Sineminyaka engama-30, iminyaka engama-31 ngoku, ukususela kwingxelo yokuqala enkulu yokutshintsha kwemozulu, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kusanda kunyuka, unyaka nonyaka. Ngoku sinendawo ephumayo encinci kakhulu eseleyo. Ke iintlobo zezibhengezo ekufuneka sizive zizinto ezifana nokungaphindi kuphuhliswe amafutha efosili kunye nokupheliswa ngokukhawuleza kokusetyenziswa kwefosili ngaphakathi - ngakumbi kumazwe atyebileyo. Ukuba uthatha ukuzibophelela kwethu kwe-1.5 degree C kwaye uyawuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba ngamaqela elizwe asakhasayo kwiSivumelwano saseParis kunye namaqela amazwe aphuhlileyo, ngoko ke iindawo ezityebileyo nezihluphekileyo zehlabathi, ngoko kwiindawo ezityebileyo zehlabathi, ukuba kufuneka sifezekise isibophelelo sethu se-1.5 degree C, ngoko ke kufuneka singabinakukhutshwa kwamandla malunga no-2030, ukuba sifuna ithuba langaphandle ku-1.5 ngo-2035. Ngoku, oko kuvakala kungenakwenzeka.
Kodwa oko kukuthi — sikule meko kuba siye samamela ezi nkokeli zehlabathi zisinika iintetho zazo ezingenamsebenzi iminyaka emva koko zigoduke zingenzi nto kwaphela. Kwaye uBiden no-Obama bayayibonisa loo nto. Ewe, u-Obama wayibonisa e-US ngaphambili. U-Biden uyayibonisa ngoku, kwaye ngokucacileyo nguTrump phakathi - kakuhle, uyazi, okuncinci okuthethwa ngaye, kungcono, mhlawumbi. Kodwa sibona oku phantse kuzo zonke iinkokeli zehlabathi. Ayisiyo i-US kuphela yi-EU. Yi-U.K. yiJapan. KuseOstreliya. Akukho bunkokeli nakweliphi na ilizwe lamazwe anenkqubela. Kwaye ukuba bukhali, uyazi, i-China ibonakalisa ngokwenene ukungabikho kobunkokeli xa kuziwa kutshintsho lwemozulu, ngokunjalo.
I-NEMEEN I-SHAIKH: George Monbiot, ndingathanda ukukuzisa kwincoko. Ubuyigubungele ingqungquthela kwaye yintoni elahlekileyo kwingqungquthela ebifanele ukuba ifakwe, leyo kufuneka ibe yinxalenye yeentetho. Utshilo kwi-tweet kwangoko namhlanje ukuba, ucaphula, "Akukho nanye kwiingqungquthela zemozulu ezingama-26 ezixoxe ngokunzulu. THE eyona nto ibalulekileyo [eku]shiya amafutha efosili emhlabeni.” UGeorge Monbiot, ungathetha ngaloo nto?
GEORGE I-MONBIOT: Ewe. Ndiyathetha, ukusilela ukuxoxa ngalo mbandela ubalulekileyo, ungundoqo - ukungakhuphi izinto emhlabeni kwasekuqaleni - kubonisa ukuba yonke into ebesiyiva, apha nakwiindibano ezingama-25 zangaphambili, kukuphazamiseka. Kukuwangawangisa ngesandla. Zizenzo ezimangalisayo. Kuyavuyisa isihlwele. Kodwa ayithethi ngomba ongundoqo.
Kwaye, uyazi, kulula kakhulu ukushiya amafutha efosili emhlabeni kunokujongana nendlela esiwatshisa ngayo xa sele siwakhuphile, kuba kukho amawaka ambalwa amanqaku kwihlabathi jikelele apho siwakhupha khona, kanti kukho iibhiliyoni zokuphela kokusetyenziswa kwaloo mafutha efosili. Ke, ngelixa sinokuthi, “Ewe, ewe, kufuneka siwagqume amakhaya ethu. Kufuneka sitshintshe iiglowubhu zethu, zonke ezinye,” nto leyo ngokucacileyo esiyenzayo, eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo nesebenzayo yokuhlangabezana nale ntlekele izayo, yokubona olona celomngeni lukhulu olwakha lwajamelana nalo uluntu, kukuba, “Kunjalo, thina. 'ndizakuyeka. Akusekho lahle, akusekho petroleum, akusekho gesi eza kuphuma emhlabeni ngalo mhla.” Kwaye njengoko uKevin esitsho ngokufanelekileyo, uyazi, kufuneka ibe yi-decarbonization epheleleyo ngo-2030, ngoko kufuneka ibe ngumhla. Siza kuyeka ukuyikhupha emhlabeni.
Kwaye uthi, "Ewe, inokwenzeka njani loo nto?" Ingaphezulu kunoko kunokwenzeka. Inokwenzeka ngokubalaseleyo, njengoko sibonile xa i-US ingena kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini ngomhla we-8 kaDisemba, 1941. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa, yayiguqule lonke uqoqosho, ukusuka kuqoqosho oluqhelekileyo ukuya kuqoqosho lomkhosi. Phakathi kowe-1942 nowe-1945, urhulumente womanyano lwaseUnited States wachitha imali eninzi, ngokweedola zangoku, kunokuba wenzayo phakathi kowe-1789 nowe-1941. Ngoko, ngoku bathi, “Owu, akukho mali. Akukho nto sinokuyenza. ” Bubuvuvu nje obo. Babenokuyilungisa le nto ngephanyazo ukuba babefuna njalo. Ukuba besinenkqubo ngokomlinganiselo othelekisekayo, sinokuwashiya onke amafutha efosili emhlabeni ngo-2030 kwaye sitshintshele kuqoqosho olutsha lwamandla acocekileyo.
I-NEMEEN I-SHAIKH: Kwaye, George, ngokunjalo, ndifuna ukukubuza malunga nomva nje wakho Qhekeza, onomxholo othi “Yenza ubutyebi obugqithisileyo buphele: kuphela kwendlela yokuphepha ukuwohloka kwemozulu.” Ngoku, siva malunga nokungafani kokukhutshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa phakathi kwamazwe atyebileyo nahlwempuzekileyo, kodwa into oyigxininisayo kwesi siqwenga ngumahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamanqanaba okusetyenziswa kwabantu abazizityebi emhlabeni jikelele, kunye nesidingo, ngoko ke, ubutyebi. irhafu. Ngaba unokucacisa ukuba yintoni imeko?
GEORGE I-MONBIOT: Ngokuqinisekileyo. Lo ngumba osisiseko wobulungisa nokulingana. Ngoko ke, i-1% ephezulu malunga nobutyebi emhlabeni jikelele isebenzisa i-15%, ivelise i-15% yokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, ephindwe kabini ngaphezu kwe-50% ephantsi, ekhutshwayo iyonke i-7% kuphela. Ngoko ke, sijonge inani elincinane kakhulu labantu ababamba isabelo sengonyama yobutyebi bendalo. Babanga ukuba bangabenzi bobutyebi. Okunene bathatha ubutyebi kuthi sonke. Bathi, “Siza kuba nayo yonke esi sithuba somoya wethu” — kwaye, zonke ezinye izinto eziluncedo, zonke iimahogany negolide kunye nedayimani kunye nebluefin tuna sushi, nantoni na eyenye abayityayo. isikali esikhulu.
Kwaye oku kuqhutywa, kumlinganiselo omkhulu kakhulu, ngokuphawulekayo, ngokungafanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kweenqwelomoya. Kukho iseti enye yamanani abonisa ukuba i-1% ecebileyo inoxanduva lwe-50% yokukhutshwa kweenqwelomoya zehlabathi. Kodwa nangezikhephe zabo, umzekelo. I-avareji eqhelekileyo okanye i-superyacht yasegadini, egcinwa ilindile ukuba usozigidigidi anyathele nanini na xa efuna, ivelisa iitoni ezingama-7,000 zekharbon dayokhsayidi ngonyaka. Ukuba siza kudibana nokubalwa kwesiqhelo kokuhlala ngaphakathi kwe-1.5 degrees yobushushu behlabathi, ukukhutshwa kwethu okuphezulu ngomntu ngamnye malunga neetoni ezi-2.3. Ke, i-superyacht enye yintoni? Ngaphezulu kwe-3,000 yabantu abaxabisa izinto ezikhutshwayo. Oku kubi, kungafanelekanga ngokugqithisileyo. Kwaye kufuneka sivukele umkhwa wezityebi kakhulu zokuthatha ubutyebi bethu bendalo kuthi.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Bendifuna ukuguqukela kuAsad Rehman, umlawuli olawulayo weWar on Want, isithethi esikhokelayo seCOP26 Coalition. NgoLwesithathu, wakrazula amazwi akhe alungiselelweyo malunga ne-COP26 "isigqibo sekhava" kwaye endaweni yoko weza nomyalezo ovela kubaphembeleli bemozulu ezitalatweni kwiseshini ekwinqanaba eliphezulu.
ASAD REHMAN: Ndinentetho elungiselelwe ukunikezela ngokumalunga nesigqibo sekhava, kodwa, ngokungafihlisiyo, ndiyazi ukuba iza kuwa ezindlebeni ezingevayo, ngoko ke andiyi kuzikhathaza. Abona bazizityebi baye bazityeshela zonke iikhwelo zokuziphatha nezobupolitika zokuba benze isabelo sabo esifanelekileyo. Izithembiso zabo ezaphukileyo zigcwele kwi-26 COPs. Ushicilelo olungenanto lweendaba oluyilwe ziinkampani ezingcolisa umoya alusakhohlisi mntu. Covid ukungalingani kwesitofu sokugonya kunye ne-net zero 2050 yimizekelo nje yamva nje yokuncama ngabom abahluphekayo ukuze bafumane inzuzo ngabo babutyebi babo babuthe gqolo ukuphangwa kwiGlobal South.
Ngelixa sikhathazekile kwaye sinomsindo, asinalo ithemba. Siyazi ukuba ngabantu abaqhelekileyo abatshintsha imbali. Kwaye siya kutshintsha imbali. Ixesha lokungabikho kobulungisa liphelile, Sihlalo. Siza kuzincothula neengcambu ezi nkqubo zengcinezelo nge-Global Green Green Deal yethu ukuze siqinisekise wonke umntu ngelungelo lokuphila ngesidima kunye nemvisiswano nesijikelezi-langa sethu. Enkosi, Sihlalo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ke, nguAsad Rehman, umlawuli olawulayo weWar on Want, ethetha kwindibano yemozulu ye-UN. Kevin Anderson, ukuba unokuthetha ngakumbi ngalo mbandela, wena kunye noGeorge, uAsad Rehman kunye nabanye abaphembeleli bemozulu abaninzi bathetha ngalo mbandela wobutyebi? Uthi umntu ngamnye sisimethrikhi enesiphene, njengoko uninzi lwemizi-mveliso engcolisa indalo iye yasiwa kumazwe asakhasayo ngoko ayibonakalisi kukukhutshwa kwezizwe ezityebileyo. Thatha konke oku.
KEVIN NOBANI: Ewe, ndiyathetha, lo ngumcimbi obalulekileyo. Kwaye ndiyacinga ukuba ndigxile apha e-U.K., apho mna— indawo, ngokucacileyo, ndazi ngcono— ukuba into esiyenzileyo e-U.K., sivale ishishini lethu elininzi, kwaye emva koko ngenisa izinto ezenziweyo kwenye indawo ehlabathini. Size ke sijike siye kwezo ndawo zehlabathi, size ke sibabek’ ityala ngokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ekuveliseni iimpahla esizonwabelayo. Kwaye yiyo yonke into ukusuka kwiimpahla zethu zombane ukuya kwiindawo zeemoto zethu. Zimpahla zethu. Ke, uyazi, i-UK iye yafudukela kwindawo yebar kunye nenkcubeko yebhanki, kwaye yakhupha yonke enye into. Kwaye ke, xa sijonga isixa sethu sezinto ezikhutshwayo, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo isiseko sekhabhoni yendlela esiphila ngayo, kwaye oko kubandakanya ukukhutshwa okuhambelana nezinto esizithumela ngaphandle kunye nezithumela ngaphandle.
Ndiyathetha ukuba, ukuba uthatha oko, uvame ukufumanisa ukuba amazwe amaninzi atyebileyo anekhabhoni enkulu kakhulu kunokuba ujonge nje amandla awasebenzisayo ngaphakathi kwemida yawo. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, kwakhona, xa sicinga ngale miba yolingano, ukuba sithatha oku, okuhlala kubhekiselwa kuyo njengendlela yobalo olusekwe kusetyenziso-sikuthathela ingqalelo oko, kuba akulunganga ukohlwaya iindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo. behlabathi ngokwenza kwabo izinto zokusinceda sibe nobomi obungcono apha. Kwaye xa sisenza loo nto, imiceli mngeni iye ibethelele ngakumbi malunga nento ekufuneka siyenze, kwaye ikwavelisa ngakumbi imiba yolingano, umahluko phakathi kweendawo ezityebileyo zehlabathi kunye neendawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zehlabathi. .
Kodwa ndicinga ukuba, kwinqanaba lokulingana, kufanelekile ukukhupha ukuba ayisingathi wonke umntu e-UK unjalo. Akukho luluntu olunye e-UK. Kukho uluntu oluninzi. Kwakukho abo bethu ababezizityebi kwilizwe lethu abanoxanduva lokukhutshwa kwesabelo sengonyama ngaphakathi e-U.K. Oko kuya kuba yinyani e-U.S., eJamani, eJapan, eOstreliya. Ke, kuwo onke amazwe ethu, kukho iindawo ezinkulu zelizwe ezingabathengi abaqhelekileyo nabangaphantsi kwe-avareji. Kwaye kubo, impendulo yokutshintsha kwemozulu yahluke kakhulu kwabo kuthi, kumazwe ethu, banoxanduva lwesabelo sengonyama sokukhutshwa. Ke ndicinga ukuba kufuneka singohluli nje phakathi kwamazwe kodwa nangaphakathi kumazwe ethu.
Kwaye inkxalabo yam apho kukuba: Ngoobani abantu abaqulunqa ingxoxo yemozulu? Zizazinzulu zemozulu kunye nezifundiswa. Ngoosomashishini, iinkokeli zoshishino, iintatheli, abagwebi. Ngabo bonke abantu abakudidi oluphezulu kakhulu. Ngoko siyayila ingxoxo. Kwaye asinakuze, sikhe sayila ingxoxo-mpikiswano ngolingano kumbindi wayo. Kwaye nokuba zithini izibalo zethu okanye ukuziphatha kwethu — uxolo, nokuba sikwesiphi na isimo sokuziphatha, imathematika isixelela ukuba kufuneka sifezekise izibophelelo, ngoko ubulungisa kufuneka ibe yinxalenye ephambili yeempendulo zethu. Kodwa asikhe sithethe ngaloo nto, kuba sikwiqela elikhupha kakhulu.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngoku, Kevin, wena ngokwakho awuzange uthathe indiza kwiminyaka. Xa sinodliwano-ndlebe nawe kwiingqungquthela zemozulu ezahlukeneyo, uye wakhwela uloliwe. Uthi yindlela entle yokwenza umsebenzi, ukugqiba iingxelo, njl. Izolo ibilusuku lwezoThutho. Ndicinga ukuba uPete Buttigieg, unobhala wezothutho, uthethe e-United States. Kwaye nawe unayo loo China-U.S. isaziso esimangalisayo. Ndiyazibuza ukuba ungathetha na nge-zero carbon kunye nokuba uvakalelwa kukuba i-China ifumana ipesenti engalinganiyo yetyala?
KEVIN NOBANI: Ewe. Ewe, eli binzana elithi "zero zero," kum, lelona candelo liyingozi le-COP26, kodwa ayenzeki nje apha. Ukuba ubuye umva kwii-COP ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, ngekhe uve ibinzana elithi "net zero." Kuye kwavela ngokwenene njengoko imiceli mngeni isiya isiba nzima, kwaye oko, eneneni, imigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka ibekwe ukuze kuthotywe izinto ezikhutshwayo namhlanje. Ngenxa yokuba abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo bethu babuthathaka kakhulu kwaye abanayo ingqikelelo kunye nesibindi sokwenza oko, into esiyenzileyo kukuphuhlisa eli gama elithi "net zero," esivumela ukuba sisuse umthwalo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ukusuka namhlanje ukuya kwizizukulwana ezizayo - ngokoqobo, ngaphandle 2050 nangaphaya. Ke, wonke umntu ngoku usebenzisa eli binzana "net zero." Unokuba yinkampani yeoli ene-zero. Unokuba yi-zero yaseSaudi Arabia okanye iQatar okanye iNorway okanye i-U.K. okanye i-US Wonke umntu unokuba ngu-zero, yonke idolophu, yonke inkampani. Ayinamsebenzi. Ayinantsingiselo ngokupheleleyo. Xa ukhetha into esemva kwe-zero, ndiyathetha, yonke into ekuyiyo, ndihlala ndisithi, sisiLatini sokukhaba inkonkxa ezantsi kwendlela. Idlulisela umthwalo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.
Kwaye okundiphazamisayo kukuba, eneneni, uninzi loluntu lwezemfundo luginye le net zero rhetoric. Ngoko ke asijongi uhlobo lotshintsho ekufuneka silwenzile — njengoko uGeorge etshilo ngaphambili, kufuneka sikuphelise ngokukhawuleza ukusetyenziswa kwethu kwefosili. Kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukuba uyenze loo nto ukuba unoziro, kuba unokwenza uhlobo lokukhulula amafutha efosili, kwaye abantwana bethu baya kufumana itekhnoloji yokufunxa i-CO2 emoyeni kwiminyaka ezayo. Lithemba lethu elo. Leyo yindlela yethu yokulibazisa umthwalo wokunciphisa ukusuka kwesi sizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi apho u-ziro ekwenza oku, kodwa yeyona icacileyo — obu buchwepheshe bexesha elizayo sithembele kubo. Kuzo zonke iimeko zethu, kuzo zonke IPCC, I-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, iimeko malunga noko kufuneka sikwenze malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu, baxhomekeke kwi-teknoloji okanye izisombululo ezibizwa ngokuba yindalo-based based solutions, nazo ezinobungozi ngokulinganayo, ngokususa i-carbon dioxide emoyeni kwixesha elizayo. Ke, oko kuthembela kuyingozi kakhulu.
Xa kuziwa eTshayina, ndithetha ukuba, iChina yi-emitter ephezulu kakhulu, ngokucacileyo. Njengoko sonke sisazi, ngoyena mthombo mkhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa, ewe, inabemi abamalunga ne-1.3 yeebhiliyoni zabantu, ngoko ke, ngoko nangoko, ndiyacinga, ukuphinda-phinda kathathu ukuya kwesine ukuba - ukuphinda-phinda kane oko, ndicinga ukuba, e-U.S. Ukukhutshwa kwayo ngomntu ngamnye kusekho kuphela, ndiyacinga, Kancinci kwisinye kwisithathu se-US kwaye sibeke uxanduva oluninzi e-China, sisithi, "Ke, jonga ukukhutshwa kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu." Batshisa amalahle amaninzi, kodwa ndifuna ukuba kutshiswe amalahle abo ukuze sikwazi ukunyibilikisa i-aluminiyam ukuze ndenze incwadi yam ye-Apple lap - incwadi yokubhala kuyo. Jonga izixhobo esizisebenzisayo. Uninzi lwayo lwenziwe ngeentsimbi eziguqulwe zaba yimpahla eveliswe eTshayina. Kwaye ke siyabagxeka kuba basebenzisa amandla amaninzi ekhabhoni ephezulu ukuvelisa ezo mathiriyeli.
Kuyinyani ukuba iChina kufuneka imke kwezo. Kufuneka isuke ngokukhawuleza kumke kwishishini layo elityebileyo nelinzulu lefosili emiliselweyo. Kwaye inamandla okwenza oko, mhlawumbi ngaphezulu kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, kuba ilunge kakhulu ekwenzeni olu tshintsho lukhawulezayo kubuchwepheshe. Kodwa akufuneki siqhubeke sigxeka i-China ngezi zinto zenziweyo sizisebenzisayo. Kufuneka sithathe indlela yokusebenzisana ngakumbi. Kwaye mhlawumbi ukuba kukho nantoni na ephuma kwiingxoxo zeBiden kunye neTshayina apha, mhlawumbi kukho into elapha malunga nayo: Siziququzelela njani iindawo zehlabathi ezisisiseko sokwenza thina sonke? Ubenza njani ukuba batshintshe ngokukhawuleza kumafutha efosili?
I-NEMEEN I-SHAIKH: UGeorge Monbiot, unokuphawula malunga nento eyayithethwa nguKevin Anderson malunga nolu didi lwe-zero enetha, kwaye emva koko uthethe malunga nokuba zeziphi ezinye iindlela kumafutha e-fossil, kwi-oyile kunye negesi kunye namalahle, yintoni ocinga ukuba zezona zinokwenzeka kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, oyicebisayo, kuquka inyukliya?
GEORGE I-MONBIOT: Ewe, uKevin unyanisile ngokupheleleyo malunga ne-zero. Yindlela yokulibazisa ukhetho olunzima. Yindlela yokubadlulisela kwizizukulwana ezizayo zezopolitiko. Yiloo nto kanye ebisenzeka kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo. Siyenzile ngesigama esahlukileyo. Asizange sisebenzise olo lwimi, kodwa yonke into ibimalunga nokulibaziseka kunye nokulibaziseka kunye nokushiya ingxaki ukuba omnye umntu ayilungise. Kwaye i-net zero iqhuba nje inkqubo eyintlekele. Yiyo loo nto ngoku sijongene nefestile eqine kangaka yokwenza utshintsho olusebenzayo.
Kodwa sinako ukwenza olo tshintsho. Ndiyathetha, kanye njengokuba kukho iindawo zokucofa kwi-ecosystem, ezinokuba yintlekele esingafuni ukuyidlula, kunokubakho amanqaku akhuthazayo kuluntu nakwezopolitiko, apho sinokuthi sitshintshe ngokukhawuleza indlela esivelisa ngayo amandla ethu, tshintsha indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amandla ethu, sitshintshe indlela esiphila ngayo, ekwabalulekile, kuba, njengoko uKevin esitsho, uyazi, ayingombuzo wendlela esiwenza ngayo lo msinga mkhulu wempahla yabathengi, kodwa kutheni bavelisa lo msinga mkhulu wempahla yabathengi. Masime. Masiyeke ukuyenza. Kwaye masifumane ezinye iindlela zokulinganisa umgangatho wobomi, ngaphandle kokukhukuliswa ngulo msinga mkhulu weplastiki kunye nesinyithi kunye ne-electronics, i-99% yazo kungafuneki ukuba siphile ubomi obulungileyo.
Ke, emva kokuba senze eso sigqibo, emva koko sithi, “Kulungile. Siyenza njani ke le nto?" Kwaye ngokupheleleyo, sifuna ezo zinto zihlaziywayo. Sifuna umoya. Sidinga ilanga. Kodwa akufuneki sizijongele phantsi ezinye iindlela zamandla acocekileyo, apho zikhuselekile nalapho zifanelekile. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ziya kukhuseleka kwaye zifanelekile. Kodwa ndi— ndihlala ndinomdla kakhulu kwisizukulwana sesine sobuchwepheshe benyukliya, iimodyuli ezincinci zereactors zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezinye zazo ezinokwenza igalelo elibaluleke kakhulu. Kwaye ndothuswa ngakumbi zizinto ezenzeka eJamani, apho, ngenxa yokuvalwa kwabo kwenyukliya, banyusa imveliso yabo yamalahle. Kwaye batshisa ngakumbi le ndlela ingcolileyo yamalahle, i-lignite, ukuze benze indawo yokuvala inyukliya. Ngoko-
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Sinemizuzwana nje eyi-10, kodwa-
GEORGE I-MONBIOT: - uvala itekhnoloji yekhabhoni ephantsi phakathi kwimeko engxamisekileyo yemozulu.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Sinemizuzwana eyi-10, kodwa ndifuna ukufumana impendulo kaKevin Anderson. Ngaba uyipro-nuclear, nokuba yiloo nto abiza ngayo, uGeorge ubiza, "isizukulwana sesine"?
KEVIN NOBANI: Ewe, ndiyakholelwa malunga namandla enyukliya. Ukhetho lwam luya kuhlala lulondolozo kuqala, emva koko ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kwaye emva koko kuhlaziywe-ngokusisiseko, ilanga kunye nomoya, umsinga, okanye nantoni na enokuba yiyo. Kodwa ke, ukuba asikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yamandla, ndingathanda inyukliya endaweni yokubamba ikhabhoni kunye nokugcinwa kwayo, endicinga ukuba yingxaki yokwenyani. Kwaye ke ndikhetha inyukliya kuloo nto, ewe.
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