I-Plutocracy yase-United States yomkhosi iye yaxambulisana kwiiveki zamva nje malunga nokwabela ngaphezulu kwe-500 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ezingaxabisekanga nangaphantsi kweedola zaseMelika kumatshini wayo wemfazwe wama impiriyali. Amajelo eendaba azama ukuphembelela umdla olambathayo malunga nokuba yeyiphi na imiqathango enokuthi i-plutocrats iphele bethethathethana phakathi kwabo malunga nolwamkelo lolo hlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ukuqinisekisa ukungcola okuyimfuneko kurhulumente wase-US kunye ne-rubber-stamp-with-vaudeville yowiso-mthetho yase-US, inkqubo yabo yokungekho sikweni isanda kukhulula umnqolobi - uLuis Posada Carriles - ngaphandle kwesicelo esisemthethweni esivela eVenezuela sokuba iPosada Carriles ikhutshwe ngenxa yokuqhubhisa inqwelomoya. , ebulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-70.
Ngokungenabuntu, kuba kusetyenzwa ngabom ukubeka phambili ingeniso yenkampani, inkqubo yezopolitiko yase-US ilungele ukuvelisa ukubulala kunye nokufa okungakhethi. Ubalo olunzulu lwabantu abangekhoyo kukufa lwayeka kudala. Imbubhiso ezithandwa kakhulu, njengeDarfur, zibalelwa. Ukuxhela okwenziwe yi-US akwenzi. Yiyo loo nto urhulumente kaBush egxotha ingxelo yeLancet esemthethweni malunga ne-Iraq elahlekileyo ngamakhulu amawaka. EDiyala kule veki inqwelo-ntaka yaseMelika ibulale ubuncinci abantwana besikolo abathandathu kuqhankqalazo kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. Inokuba ngaphezulu, inokuba mbalwa - abasemagunyeni base-US abanakukhathalela kancinci. Khumbula impendulo kaColin Powell kwisicelo senani elipheleleyo labantu ababuleweyo base-Iraq ngexesha leSiqhwithi saseNtlango, 'Ngokwenene ayilo nani endinomdla kakhulu kulo.'
Indima kaPowell ekutshatyalalisweni kweIraq yinxalenye kancinane kumdlalo weqonga obanzi wephulo lama impiriyali oshishino lokulungisa ubukoloniyali phantsi kwesithunzi sehlabathi jikelele. Awona macandelo aphambili anyanzeliswayo kwelo phulo kukungalungelelani korhwebo olugqithisileyo kunye namatyala aphantsi kakhulu kunye 'noncedo', olukhatshwa yimfazwe yengqondo eqhubekayo kumajelo eendaba. Xa amacandelo omgangatho esilela ukuvelisa amandla awoneleyo, isenzo esifihlakeleyo okanye ubundlobongela obuthe ngqo busetyenziswa. Uloyiko lwama-Imperialist luhlala lugubungela umanyano lwehlabathi, lubumba ngabom kwaye luhexa iintshaba ngendlela yokuzithethelela. Ukwenziwa kweendaba zemithombo yeendaba kunye nokufakwa kwayo kwi-atom yolwazi zezona ziyingozi kwaye zikhohlisa kubuchule obubandakanyekayo.
Uloyiko olucwangcisiweyo lwenziwe kumazwe afana ne-Iraq, iHaiti, i-Afghanistan, iPalestine kunye neSomalia luqhubekeko lweshishini lobukoloniyali elingagqitywanga. Inkqubo yobugrogrisi iyasebenza nakwamanye amazwe. Ukusuka eMexico ukuya eJiphutha ukuya kwiiPhilippines ukuya kumaziko obukhosi ngokwawo, abasemagunyeni banomdla wokusebenzisana kwiprojekthi yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi baphindaphinda amaqhinga obugrogrisi bama-impiriyali endaweni endaweni yehlabathi jikelele. Kwanento encinci, imikhondo ephoswe ngumatshini weendaba wenkampani yenza bucace ubunzulu nobubanzi bomngeni eluntwini ovezwe yiMelika kunye namahlakani ayo aseYurophu nasePasifiki.
I-Uranium ephelelweyo - i-horror by stealth
Ukuthotywa ngabom kwenkqubo yezempilo yase-Iraq ngeminyaka yezohlwayo ze-UN kunye nolawulo olugwenxa olwalandelayo phantsi komkhosi wasemkhosini ziindaba ngengqiqo yokuba ibonelela ngezihloko ezinje 'Ukubhubha kweentsana e-Iraq kunyuka njengoko ulutsha luhlawula ixabiso lemfazwe' kwi-Independent ye-8 kaMeyi. Mhlawumbi ingxelo egcweleyo yomxholo linqaku leNdawo yeWebhu yeHlabathi yeSocialist ye-9th kaMeyi 'Ukufa kweentsana zase-Iraq kunyuka ngeepesenti ze-150-isityhilelo esibi solwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe yase-US'. Zombini zinceda ukugqiba inxenye yomfanekiso ongaphambili kodwa zishiye iinkcukacha ezoyikisayo kunye nempikiswano ejikeleze umhlaza ophenjelelwe yiuranium kunye nokukhubazeka kwemfuza.
Ngokwemvelo, urhulumente wase-US kunye noorhulumente baseBritane bayakhanyela kwaye apho kunokwenzeka bavavanya ubungqina obuqhubekayo beziphumo ezoyikisayo zokusetyenziswa kwabo ngokungakhathali ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwezixhobo ze-uranium eziphelelweyo kwiimfazwe ezimbini zeGulf. Ngokuqinisekileyo ezi zixhobo zokudubula azenzanga kuphela ngokungenakuguqulwa impilo yamakhulu amaninzi e-US kunye nemikhosi ehlangeneyo kunye namajoni kunye namawaka amaninzi omkhosi wase-Iraqi kunye nabemi. Bakwagwebe izizukulwana ezizayo zenginginya echaphazelekayo kumhlaza kunye nokonakala. Ngaphandle kokungathathi hlangothi kunye nogxininiso lobugcisa obukhulu, ukungena kweWikipedia kwi-uranium ephelileyo yenza amanqaku amabini afanelekileyo kakhulu.
Okokuqala, i-'DU ithathwa njengengozi eyityhefu kunye ne-radioactive efuna ukugcinwa kwexesha elide njengenkunkuma yenyukliya ekwinqanaba eliphantsi. I-DU kubiza kakhulu ukuyigcina kodwa ayibizi mali ininzi ukuyivelisa okanye ukuyifumana. Ngokuqhelekileyo iindleko zokwenene kuphela ezo zihambelana nokuguqulwa kwe-uranium hexafluoride (UF6) kwisinyithi. I-DU ixinene kakhulu, i-67% ixinene kunelothe, ingaphantsi kancinci kune-tungsten kunye negolide, kwaye nje i-16% ixinene ngaphantsi kwe-osmium okanye i-iridium, eyona nto ixineneyo yendalo eyaziwayo. Ixabiso layo eliphantsi liyenza ibe nomtsalane kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso nasemkhosini.'
Ke, ityhefu ye-DU ixabisa imali eninzi ukuyigcina ngokukhuselekileyo. Ixabiso eliphantsi kune-tungsten kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezibiza kakhulu zokuvelisa amaqokobhe asebenzayo okugqobhoza izixhobo, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ze-DU kusombulula iingxaki ezimbini ngexesha elinye. Ifihla ukuchithwa kwenkunkuma yenyukliya kwaye inyusa iingeniso zabaninizabelo macala onke ngokususa iindleko eziphezulu zokugcina kunye nokuguqula inkunkuma enetyhefu ibe ziimbumbulu ezibiza imali eninzi. Njengoko kubonakaliswe kakuhle ziziganeko ezinje ngentlekele yesityalo se-Bhopal Union Carbide kunye nezinye iimeko ezingenakubalwa, impilo yabantu ayinayo indawo kwi-equation yenzuzo yenkampani. Iindleko zalo naluphi na ukhathalelo lwempilo lwabantu abathwaxwa ziziphumo zokuvezwa kwemitha ye-DU zinokuhlehliswa kumashumi eminyaka e-obfuscation kunye nokukhanyelwa kwaye ekugqibeleni kufakwe koorhulumente belizwe. Amaqumrhu eArms ekugqibeleni akhuphela ngaphandle iindleko ezinokubakhona zempilo kunye nezomthetho ngokuzidlulisela kubahlawuli berhafu abakhohliswa ngonaphakade.
Inqaku lesibini kwinqaku le-Wikipedia elingenazibophelelo, apha ngokunxulumene nekhonkco phakathi kwe-DU, umhlaza kunye neziphene zemfuza kukuba, 'Ngokubanzi, umbono okhoyo wesayensi kulo mbandela kukuba idatha enjalo, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezinqabileyo ezikhoyo, musa. qinisekisa ngokupheleleyo isiphumo setyhefu yeuranium ephelelweyo; kodwa into enokwenzeka ikho yaye ayinakukhutshelwa ngaphandle, yaye ngoko umgaqo wokhuseleko unokucebisa ukuba kuyekwe ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinjalo.' Kodwa abaphuli-mthetho bemfazwe abathe baqalisa ukuhlasela kwabo ngokungekho mthethweni e-Iraq ngoMatshi ka-2003 ngokucacileyo nangabom bayilahla yonke imimiselo yamazwe ngamazwe ngokubhenela 'kwimfazwe yobugrogrisi' yabo. Ngabo okanye ngokuchasene nabo, ubomi bomntu abunamsebenzi. Ngqina ihlazo lesibhedlele saseWalter Reed kunye nempatho ecekisekayo ngokubanzi yamagqala emfazwe. Ukuba baphatha elabo icala ngokungakhathali, bangalindela ntoni abantu baseIraq? Abantu baseIraq banikela ubungqina kwaye bafumana impendulo eyoyikisayo imihla ngemihla.
Amanani asuka kwiqela leSpanish loPhando kwiNgxowa-mali yeRadioactive (1) icebisa ukuba ngoku e-Iraq uninzi lweentsana ezingama-20 kwi-4000 nganye zizalwa zingenamehlo. Lo mthombo ubonisa ukuba inani labantu abaqhelekileyo lifanele libe ngum-1 kwizigidi ezingama-50. Inqaku liphawula, 'E-Iraq, babiza ukukhulelwa okugwetyiweyo 'izisu zejeli'. Ngenxa yoko, ukususela ngowe-1991 amagaqa enyama aye azalwa eneziphene ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili.' Eli nqaku licaphula ingxelo evela ku-Al-Jazeera ecinga ukuba ukususela kwi-1991 izehlo zomhlaza e-Iraq ziye zanda ngokuphindwe kalishumi kwaye iziphene zokuzalwa ziphindwe kahlanu, 'ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-uranium'.
Gquma
Impendulo yabasemagunyeni base-US kunye neBhritane ibe kukucinezela ubungqina obungathandekiyo malunga neenyani zokuthunyelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-DU. Kwa eli nqaku licatshulwe ngasentla liphawula imeko ka-Riyadh Lafta, ugqirha wezifo zezifo e-Iraq owaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele ogxeka kakhulu izixhobo ze-DU kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo. U-Riyadh Lafta 'wazama ngokungenasiqhamo kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukufumana i-visa yokuya e-Seattle ukunika inkomfa eWashington. Urhulumente wase-Bhritane ke wamalela i-visa ye-4 yeeyure zokuhamba ukusuka kuMbindi Mpuma ukuya eKhanada, apho wamenywa kwenye inkomfa.'
Emuva kwi-1999, iminyaka emine ngaphambi kweMfazwe yesibini yeGulf, uFelicity Arbuthnot (2) wabika imeko kaNjingalwazi Asaf Durakovic 'Ungomnye weengcali eziphambili zehlabathi kwi-radiation, kwaye ubona ipateni eqhelekileyo. 'Nawuphi na ugqirha obandakanyekayo kwesi sifundo uyacinezelwa, agxothwe; iirekhodi kunye neesampuli ziyalahleka ...' 'UDurakovic wabhala malunga neenkxalabo zakhe malunga nezixhobo ze-DU kuMongameli uClinton ngo-1997. 'Kungekudala emva koko isikhundla sakhe esiphezulu kwiSebe leNuclear Medicine kwiGunya loLawulo lwamaVeterans eWilmington, eDelaware, sayekiswa.' UArbuthnot uyaqhubeka nokuqaphela indlela ngexesha elinye eBritani, amagqala emfazwe e-Iraq uRay Bristow kunye noColin Purcell Lee, bebuya kuphando eIraq, 'bafika ekhaya' bafumanisa ukuba sibizwe ngokuba ngabangcatshi nguMphathiswa omkhulu weKhabhinethi 'kwaye ukuba amakhaya abo. kwagqogqwa ngamaPolisa oMphathiswa wezoKhuselo.'
UCraig Etchison woPhando lweHlabathi uyaphikisana 'Ndiyakrokrela ukuba i-complex yezomkhosi-zemizi-mveliso iya kuvuma imiphumo ye-DU ixesha elide kangangoko ukuthintela ukwamkela uxanduva, singasathethi ke ngobutyala, ngezenzo zabo zokungakhathali. Xa uJohn Hanchette, umhleli ongumseki we-USA Namhlanje ezama ukupapasha amabali ngeDU, wafumana umnxeba ovela kwiPentagon emcela ukuba ayeke. Kamva watshintshwa kwi-USA Today. Ingcaphephe eyintloko yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kwimitha kunye nempilo yayinengxelo yayo nge-DU yacinezelwa. '(3)
I-DU kunye noloyiko - uColin Powell kwakhona
Ukusetyenziswa kolwaphulo-mthetho kweetyhefu kunye neekhemikhali ngokuchasene noluntu ngamagunya obukumkani kudala. Kwi-United States ukusetyenziswa kwe-Agent Orange kuMazantsi Mpuma Asia mhlawumbi yeyona nto iphambili eyaziwayo. Ukususela ngo-1962 ukuya ku-1971 urhulumente wase-US wafaka ngaphezulu kwe-20 yezigidi zeegaloni zetyhefu yekhemikhali eVietnam. (4) Ngokusebenzisa kwayo i-DU kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinetyhefu e-Iraq, iUnited States ilandela imizekelo yobukoloniyali njengaleyo yemfazwe yamachiza yaseBritane eIraq ngo-1919 kunye nephulo laseSpain lokulwa imichiza eMorocco ngeminyaka yoo-1920s okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-Italiyane yerhasi yetyhefu ngexesha layo. uhlaselo lwase-Ethiopia ngowe-1935.
Unxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zekhemikhali kunye neembumbulu ze-DU kunye nokuthunyelwa kwabanqolobi base-US abanjengoLuis Posada Carriles kunye nohlobo lwakhe luhamba ngemigaqo-nkqubo yase-US kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlulileyo. Le migaqo-nkqubo yenza i-web engenamthungo edibanisa i-diplomacy yeSebe leLizwe elihanahanisayo, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olubuhlungu kunye noloyiko lokuphumeza iinjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo. Ibhayografi yabantu abafana noColin Powell iquka unxibelelwano. Njengomkhosi ophandayo oyintloko, uPowell wazama ukufihla ukubulawa kwabantu eMy Lai. Kamva njengomncedisi kuNobhala kaMongameli uReagan kwezoKhuselo uCaspar Weinberger, uPowell wayixhasa intengiselwano ye-Iran-Contra ukuxhasa ngemali imfazwe yobunqolobi echasene neNicaragua. Ilungu eliphambili leqela lengingqi kuMbindi Merika elaliququzelela loo mfazwe yayinguLuis Posada Carriles owayesekelwe ngelo xesha e-El Salvador.
U-Powell wayengumxhasi okhutheleyo wemfazwe yobugrogrisi echasene neNicaragua, egwetywe ngokungekho mthethweni yiNkundla yoBulungisa yeZizwe ngezizwe ngo-1986. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba ngelixa uNobhala weLizwe umncedisi wakhe wayengumntu okhohlakele ngakumbi, uRichard Armitage. I-biography ye-Armitage ithatha ukunyanzeliswa kwe-Phoenix yokubulawa kunye nenkqubo yokuhlushwa eVietnam, izityholo ezinamandla zokuthengisa iziyobisi eBurma naseThailand, imisebenzi engcolileyo yemfazwe e-Iran ukubulala abachasi be-Shah kunye nendima ephambili kwintengiselwano ye-Iran-Contra . Ngokusebenzisa iziyobisi ukuxhasa imisebenzi yabo yobugrogrisi abasebenzi bakarhulumente wase-US balandela esinye isiko lobukoloniyali esele sihlonelwe lixesha njengoko iBritane neFrance ngexesha labo baxhaphaza urhwebo lweopium ukuqhubela phambili iinjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo wengingqi.
I-narcotic yase-US-Uloyiko lwase-US: amawele angenakuhlukaniswa
Ukuqhubekeka kwezopolitiko okungapheliyo kugcwele phakathi kwexesha leVietnam kunye neReagan kunye namaphulo achasene ne-Iraq. Omnye umntu owaziwayo nguJohn Negroponte, owancedisa uHenry Kissinger ngexesha leentetho zoxolo zaseParis ukuphelisa imfazwe yaseVietnam. NjengoPowell kunye noArmitage, naye wakhokela imfazwe kaReagan yobunqolobi ngokuchasene neNicaragua kunye nokongamela imfazwe emdaka eHonduras esebenzisa ummeli worhulumente wasekhaya wase-US uGeneral Alvarez Martinez ekuqaleni koo-1980. Emva kokunceda ukuququzelela amaqela okufa e-Iraq ngelixa unozakuzaku wase-US apho, i-Negroponte ngoku isebenza kunye nenye i-hangover evela kwixesha le-Reagan, u-Condoleezza Rice, owayesakuba ngumkhuseli we-Reaganaut-grandee-diplomat uGeorge Schulz.
Ngoku iNegroponte kunye nomsebenzi wamachiza kurhulumente wase-US uJohn Walters utyhola iVenezuela ngokusilela ukusebenzisana ngokwaneleyo 'kwimfazwe yeziyobisi yase-US'(6). Umbono worhulumente waseVenezuela uhlaziyekile: ' Urhulumente unqabile ukuba iVenezuela ingavumela izinto ezenziwa ngabasemagunyeni e-US elizweni ukulwa ukuthengiswa kweziyobisiโฆ Umphathiswa wezangaphakathi uPedro Carreรฑo ubhengeze ukuba 'i-United States kunye ne-Arhente yoNyanzeliso lweZiyobisi ilawula iziyobisi. iimpahla ezithunyelwa njengenqwelo-mafutha'. UCarreรยฑo, eshiya umsitho kwiPantheon yeSizwe uxelele iintatheli ukuba xa iVenezuela ivuma ukunqumamisa umsebenzi kunye ne-DEA kungenxa yokuba 'babesenza ugqithiso olukhulu lwamachiza besebenzisa ukhuselo lonikezelo phantsi kweliso' kwaye abazange 'babanjwe. abemi, ukudilizwa kweqela elinyeโฆโฆ..Sikwazile ukufumanisa ukuba siphambi kombutho omtsha.' (7)
Olu tshintshiselwano lweziyobisi phakathi kwamagosa karhulumente wase-US kunye nabasemagunyeni baseVenezuela lwenzeka ngaxeshanye ukuba urhulumente wase-US wala ngabom ukuhambela ngokuchasene no-Luis Posada Carriles, umnqolobi ozivumayo ngokwakhe, naye odityaniswe ne-narcotics, ejongene nesicelo sokubuyiselwa. abasemagunyeni baseVenezuela. Kwilizwe laseColombia elingummelwane, urhulumente wase-US ebesoloko ebonelela ngeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuxhasa urhulumente we-narco-terror kaMongameli u-Alvaro Uribe, ongcoliswe ngokungenakuguqulwa kukutyhilwa ngoku kwamakhonkco akhe kunye nokuxhomekeka kwi-paramilitaries ethengisa iziyobisi. Ngo-Epreli walo nyaka, kuye kwavela iingxelo zokubandakanyeka kukarhulumente wase-US nowaseBhritane kurhwebo lwe-opium e-Afghanistan ukuya kutsho kwi-US$120 yeebhiliyoni. (8)
I-ALBA-ukuphikisa oothixo bobuxoki
EBritani, elona hlakani lithembekileyo likarhulumente wase-US, iOfisi yezaNgaphandle iyekile 'imfazwe yobugrogrisi'. (9) Ayisenanjongo iluncedo. Uninzi lwehlabathi lubona ngokucacileyo ukuba ubugrogrisi - 'yenza le nto siyifunayo, okanye kungenjalo' - ngumgaqo-nkqubo osisiseko we-United States kunye namahlakani ayo aseYurophu nasePasifiki kwiphulo labo lokukhusela urhwebo kunye neziphumo zoqoqosho abazidingayo ukuze bazigcine. amandla eniyo-koloniyali kunye nenyhweba. Ukuzimisela okugqwesileyo kwabaphezulu behlabathi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zenkampani zibeka phambili iimfuno zabaninzi abahlwempuzekileyo behlabathi kuvela kunqulo lwabo lokunyoluka olungenabuntu nobuhlanga obunzulu.
Oorhulumente abaphambi kwabo baphezulu behlabathi banoxanduva lokufa kwezigidi ngokungeyomfuneko ngobundlobongela bolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwasemkhosini ngokuthe ngqo, njengase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, nangokungathanga ngqo, njengaseLebhanon okanye eSomalia apho baye baxhasa amagosa omkhosi. Kwangaxeshanye balwa imfazwe yepropaganda engayekiyo ngokuchasene namazwe afana neCuba neVenezuela. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba iVenezuela kunye neCuba zinoxanduva lokusindisa kunye nokuphucula izigidi zobomi ngokukhuthaza impilo, imfundo kunye namanyathelo entsebenziswano ebanzi nge-ALBA - iBolivarian Alternative yaseMelika - isivumelwano sorhwebo kunye nentsebenziswano, ngoku ibandakanya abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60 kuMzantsi nakuMbindi Melika. kunye neCaribbean.
I-ALBA ibonisa urhulumente wase-United States kunye namahlakani akhe aseYurophu kunye nePasifiki njengee-arhente zobunyumba, ukuguqulwa kunye nokutshabalalisa. Iinkqubo zabo zezopolitiko nezoqoqosho ezisekelwe kuxhatshazo lwehlabathi lwabantu abaninzi abangathathi ntweni aziniki nto ingako kwihlabathi liphela ngaphandle kokungabikho kokusesikweni okugqithisileyo. Ityala likaPosada Carriles libonisa uthando lwabo olungagungqiyo lobugrogrisi. Imbubhiso eqhubekayo ngokuchasene namaPalestina luphawu lokuhanahanisa kwabo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Iraq, abantu bayo kunye noluntu, kubandakanya intlungu yabo. Ngokusebenzisa ubugqi babo bobuchwephesha obuyityhefu bokutshabalalisa abantu abaninzi, bondla uthixo wabo wobungxowankulu okhohlakeleyo hayi nje ngabantu abamsulwa abaphilayo, kodwa ngamawaka amaxhoba asuka kwizizukulwana ezingekazalwa.
Ngokunyanzelisa izithethe zomthetho zamazwe ngamazwe kwimeko kaPosada Carriles kunye netyala eliyeleleneyo labanqolobi abahlanu baseCuba abavalelwe yinkqubo yokungabikho kobulungisa yase-US, iVenezuela neCuba ziye zabhenca urhulumente wase-United States njengomgqugquzeli wobunqolobi. Ngokubeka phambili umgangatho wentlalo wobudlelwane bawo bezoqoqosho, amazwe e-ALBA abonisa ngokukuko ukungasebenzi kunye nobuntu bobungxowankulu bequmrhu lehlabathi. IVenezuela iyishiyile iBhanki yehlabathi kunye ne-IMF. IBolivia kunye neNicaragua zijoyine iVenezuela ekwaleni iZiko lokuHlaliswa kwaMazwe ngaMazwe kwiiNgxwabangxwaba zoTyalo-mali njengomlamli ongakhethi cala. I-Ecuador, i-Bolivia i-Brazil kunye ne-Paraguay ngoku ziphose ubunzima bazo emva kwe-Venezuela kunye ne-Argentina yesindululo se-Bancosur njengenye indlela yophuhliso lwengingqi e-US kunye nenkqubo yezemali elawulwa yi-Europe.
La manyathelo abaluleke njengamaphulo ahlukeneyo okuchasa e-Iraq, ePalestine, eKholombiya naseMexico okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwe-Iran kwilungelo lokuphuhlisa amandla enyukliya anoxolo. Inkxaso ezimiseleyo kwezi ntlobo zokuchasa mhlawumbi lelona lungelo loluntu kwaye likuphela kwethuba lokuchasana namawele amaqhinga okudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye noloyiko lomkhosi olusetyenziswa ngurhulumente wase-United States kunye namahlakani akhe. Ukutshintshwa koonogada bakarhulumente eLondon naseParis kuphazamisana nobuso phakathi kwamaqela amadala abulalayo ababingeleli abakhulu bobukapitali bequmrhu. Kodwa iskripthi sinezinye iziphelo ngoku, zibhalwe kwakhona ngamaxhoba angaphambili edini. 'Kulinganiswe kwibhalansi kwaye kwafunyanwa kunqongophele' - okubhaliweyo eludongeni kurhulumente wase-US kunye namahlakani akhe uya ucaca ngakumbi, uyacotha kakhulu kunokuba amaxhoba abo adinga, kodwa mhlawumbi ngokukhawuleza kunokuba sicinga.
I-toni solo litsha-ntliziyo elizinze kuMbindi Merika, bona i-toni.tortillaconsal.com
amaNqaku
1. 'Balance de la situaciรยณn sanitaria en Iraq. Censura de las cifras de muertos y del aumento de canceres y malformaciones por las armas radiactivas.' UAlfredo Embid, Colectivo de Investigaciรยณn sobre las Armas Radiactivas eRebelion, ngoMeyi 6th 2007
2. 'Ilifa elinetyhefu - uFelicity Arbuthnot uphanda ukusasazeka kwehlabathi jikelele kwee-cancer kunye nokukhubazeka ukususela kwiMfazwe yeGulf.' I-New Internationalist, iNkupho 316 โ Septemba 1999.
3. 'I-Uranium ephelelweyo: Umbulali onobungozi uyaqhubeka nokubulala', uGqr Craig Etchison, uPhando lwehlabathi, ngoFebruwari 20, 2007
4. 'I-Agent ye-Vietnamese Amaxhoba e-Orange atshutshisa i-Dow kunye neMonsanto kwiNkundla yase-US', u-Ngoc Nguyen no-Aaron Glantz, i-Asia Times, i-16 kaMeyi 2006 (ukusuka kwi-ZNet)
5. I-'Espaรยฑa empleรยณ en los aรฑos veinte armas quรmicas contra los hombres de Abdelkrim', Ignacio Cembrero, wase-El Paรs, eyapapashwa kwi-WebIslam nge-18 kaFebruwari 2002 (http://www.webislam.com/numeros/2002/161/XNUMX XNUMX/noticias/Espaรยฑa_armasquimicas.htm)
6. 'I-Negroponte igxeka iVenezuela kwiziyobisi' BOGOTA, ngoMeyi. I-10 (UPI) โ ' I-Venezuela ayenzi ngokwaneleyo ukulwa nokuthengiswa kweziyobisi kwilizwe lonke, uSekela Nobhala we-US uJohn Negroponte uthi. I-Negroponte - eColombia njengenxalenye yokhenketho lwezizwe ezine kulo mmandla - yathi ngoLwesithathu iColombia ixhalabile malunga nesixa se-cocaine ekutyholwa ukuba sithuthwa ngeVenezuela.'
7. 'El gobierno de Hugo Chavez acusรยณ a la DEA de ser un nuevo cartel.' I-Associated Press, 8/5/2007
8. 'I-Heroin 'Ilungile kwiMpilo Yakho': Imikhosi yezeMisebenzi ixhasa uRhwebo lweNarcotics yase-Afghan. Ingeniso yezigidigidi zeedola zolwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo kunye namaZiko ezezimali aseNtshona, uProf. Michel Chossudovsky, uPhando lweHlabathi, wama-29 ka-Epreli ka-2007
9. 'UBenn ugxeka 'imfazwe yoloyiko' ', Iindaba zeBBC, 16 April 2007
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