Kuqikelelo lwam, akukhange kubekho kwimbali yaseMelika ukuvuza okubaluleke ngakumbi kunoko Ukukhululwa kuka-Edward Snowden kwizinto ze-NSA – kwaye oko kubandakanya iPentagon Papers, endandinoxanduva kuyo kwiminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo. Ukubethelwa kwempempe kuka-Snowden kusinika ithuba lokubuyisela umva oko kuye kwafikelela “kubhukuqo-mbuso olulawulayo” ngokuchasene nomgaqo-siseko wase-US.
Ukusukela ngo-9/11, bekukho, ekuqaleni ngokufihlakeleyo kodwa ngokwandayo ngokuphandle, ukurhoxiswa kwebhili yamalungelo eliwalwela eli lizwe kwiminyaka engama-200 eyadlulayo. Ngokukodwa, isihlomelo sesine kunye nesesihlanu somgaqo-siseko, esikhusela abemi ekungeneni ngokungeyomfuneko ngurhulumente kubomi babo babucala, sele sinqunyanyisiwe.
Urhulumente ubanga ukuba unemvume yenkundla phantsi kweFisa – kodwa eso sigunyaziso siphuma kwinkundla eyimfihlo, ekhuselweyo kulawulo olusebenzayo, kunye neyona ngcaciso ibanzi inokwenzeka. Oku kwenza intlekisa kulawulo lomthetho, kungasathethwa ke ngomthetho wamalungelo. Njengoko uRussell Tice, owayengumhlalutyi we-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweSizwe, watshoyo: "Yinkundla yekhangaru enesitampu serabha."
Ukuba umongameli ke athi kukho ukongamela kwenkundla bubuvuvu - njengomsebenzi wokongamela weekomiti zobuntlola kwiCongress. Into yokuba iinkokeli zabo zichazelwe ngale nto kwaye zahamba nayo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ibonisa kuphela indlela yonakele ngayo inkqubo yokuphendula kweli lizwe. Njenge umseki James Madison wabhala:
“Ukuqokelelwa kwawo onke amagunya, owiso-mthetho, olawulo, neenkundla, ezandleni ezifanayo, nokuba ngowelinye, ambalwa, okanye amaninzi, nokuba lilifa, uzinyule, okanye unyuliwe, kunokuchazwa ngokufanelekileyo kanye ingcaciso yobuzwilakhe. "
Xa ukhuseleko lwesizwe lucelwa kwi eunited States, yile nto sinayo ngoku. Enyanisweni, iCongress inikezele uxanduva kunye namandla ayo kwisigqeba solawulo. Ulwakhiwo lokongamela lubonakaliswe njengenkohliso epheleleyo: iikomiti zekhongolose ezichaphazelekayo ziye zamkelwa ngokupheleleyo. Yimingxuma emnyama yolwazi ekufuneka uluntu luyazi.
The ukucupha okutyhilwe kukudiza kuka-Snowden kubhenca olu qhushululu lolawulo: ukuba oku kwenziwa ngeNkongolo echaziweyo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuchasa okanye ukuxoxa ngamanyathelo ngokuphandle, yenza intlekisa yokwahlulwa kwamagunya. Into edaliweyo sisiseko sombuso wamapolisa.
Anditsho ukuba iUnited States lilizwe lamapolisa. Asikubonanga ukuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi okuya kugqiba loo nkqubo. Kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu bolu hlaselo lwabantu wabucala, sinazo izixhobo zombane kunye nezomthetho zomnye. Ukuba, umzekelo, ngoku bekukho imfazwe eyakhokelela kwintshukumo enkulu yokulwa nemfazwe - njengaleyo sasichasene nemfazwe yaseVietnam - ndiyoyika idemokhrasi yethu. Ukuba urhulumente ngelo xesha ebenawo amandla anawo ngoku, andithandabuzi ukuba bekuya kuvalelwa abantu abaninzi. La magunya ayingozi kakhulu.
In 1975, USenator Frank Church wathetha nge-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweSizwe ngale miqathango:
"Ndiyawazi amandla akhoyo okwenza ubuzwilakhe buphelele eMelika, kwaye kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba le arhente kunye nazo zonke ii-arhente eziphethe le teknoloji zisebenza ngaphakathi komthetho naphantsi kolawulo olufanelekileyo, ukuze singaze siwele kuloo nzonzobila. enzonzobileni, akukho kubuya kwawo.
Ndingathi, eneneni, siwele kuloo nzonzobila. I NSA, FBI kwaye CIA babe, ngeteknoloji entsha yedijithali, amagunya esweni ukuba Stasi eyayisakuba East Germany wayenokuphupha kuphela. Into ebikade yoyikwa nelunyukiswa ngayo yenzekile. Indawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-intelligence community iye yaba yi-United Stasi yaseMelika.
Umbuzo ngoku ngowokuba ingaba iSenator Church yayichanile okanye ayilunganga na into yokuba ukuwela enzonzobileni kungabuyi mva. Kwiintsuku ezintathu ezidlulileyo, ngendivumile ukuba idemokhrasi esebenzayo ngoku ayinakwenzeka. Kodwa ngale ndoda inesibindi u-Snowden ezimisele ukubeka ubomi bakhe emgceni ukuze akhuphe olu lwazi, edala amathuba okuba abanye bamjoyine, ndicinga ukuba singabuyela enzonzobileni.
Nangona kunjalo Bradley ManningUfikelelo lwalulinganiselwe kakhulu, kulwazi lwenqanaba lendawo, ulwazi luka-Snowden lwentsimi yakhe lunzulu kwaye lubanzi. Izinto azikhuphileyo ziphezulu kuhlelo kunezo bendinazo ngamaPhepha ePentagon.
Kukho izizathu zokuba neemfihlo ezinobungqina obusemthethweni, kodwa into engekho semthethweni kukusebenzisa loo mfihlo ukufihla isenzo esichasene nomgaqo-siseko. Akukho mongameli okanye iCongress inokurhoxisa isilungiso sesine- kodwa yiyo loo nto u-Snowden etyhilile yayiyimfihlo. Isenzo sakhe asifanele ukutshutshiswa okanye isohlwayo; kunoko, ufanele simbulele yaye simncome. “Inkalipho ebaleni lomlo,” watsho uBismarck, “yinto eqhelekileyo”, kodwa “nabantu abahloniphekileyo baswele inkalipho yoluntu.” U-Snowden ubonakalise inkalipho enkulu yoluntu.
Into endayithetha kwiminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo kukuba ndandingakhathali ukuba babethetha ngantoni ngam; "funda nje amaxwebhu". Ukukhusela abanye abantu, ndatyhila into endiyenzileyo ukuze ndithi, “Ndiyenze ngokwam le nto,” ngaphandle kolwazi okanye uncedo lwabanye abantu abanokukrokrelwa. Sele sisazi ukuba iSebe lezoBulungisa liyalele uphando malunga nokuvuza. Ke uSnowden wenze okufanayo.
Ngokuphuma phandle, u-Snowden ngoku unobungqina phambi kweCongress phantsi kwesifungo- ukuba uyambiza. Wayengenakuyenza loo nto ukuba wayengekaziwa, okanye ukuba wayekweli lizwe. Ngo-1971, ndandikwi-50,000 ye-bond ye-XNUMX ye-bond yendima yam ekukhululweni kwe-Pentagon Papers, kodwa kule mozulu i-Snowden ayiyi kuba kwibhondi; wayeya kuba sejele - kanye njengoBrad Manning - ngaphandle kwebheyile kunye ne-incommunicado.
U-Snowden wenza into ayenzileyo ngenxa yokuba waqaphela iinkqubo zokubeka iliso ze-NSA ukuba ziyintoni na: ubungozi, umsebenzi ochasene nomgaqo-siseko. Olu hlaselo lwentengiso lwabucala lwabemi baseMelika kunye nabemi bamanye amazwe alunagalelo kukhuseleko lwethu; ibeka emngciphekweni inkululeko esizama ukuyikhusela.
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Nikela