Ngeentsuku ezimbalwa zokugqibela zikaJuni, kwangaxeshanye iTreatment Action Campaign kunye neCongress of South African Trade Unions zibambe inkomfa enkulu yabantu eThekwini ukuqhubela phambili umzabalazo wokulwa iHIV/Aids, uThabo Mbeki uyakucenga ukuba kwandiswe izibophelelo zotyalo-mali ukuze . Afrika evela kwiinkokeli ze-G-8 eKananaskis, eCanada.
Okuqukwe phakathi kwezo zibophelelo yiNgxowa-mali yeHlabathi yokuLwa uGawulayo, i-TB kunye neMalariya, ngokutsho kweZizwe eziManyeneyo kufuneka ngokusengqiqweni ifikelele kwi-10 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeHlabathi leSithathu lamayeza angabizi kakhulu, abasebenzi bezempilo abaninzi kunye nezibonelelo eziphuculweyo. Kodwa iNgxowa-mali ifumene ngaphantsi kwesahlulo seshumi saloo mali, emva kokuba uGeorge W. Bush ekhanyele ulwabelo lwe-Congressional lwe-700 yezigidi zeedola ngoMeyi.
Ukukhangela kukaMbeki imali kunye notyalo-mali kungenzeka kube lilize, nangona kukho ubuxoki malunga ne-Marshall Plan ye-Afrika. UBudlelwane bakhe obuTsha boPhuhliso lwe-Afrika buphawuleka ngendlela uMbeki othanda ukushishina ngayo enethemba lokuba oorhulumente base-Afrika baya kuzenza batsale utyalo-mali olutsha, ngakumbi kwiziseko ezingundoqo zabucala.
Umsitho wenkomfa ye-Tac/Cosatu kufuneka uphakamise okuchaseneyo
Umbuzo: ingaba ilungele njani iAfrika iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, ngakumbi xa abasebenzi abaninzi baseAfrika beHIV+?
Beka bucala, okomzuzwana, iziphazamiso eziqhubekayo ezivela kwi-lony HIV / Aids abachasi abaqhubeka benendlebe kaMbeki, ngokujonga ukusasazwa kwakhe kutsha nje kwi-African National Congress yephecana elimangalisayo lokukhanyela iphepha eli-114. Nokuba uMbeki wayitshintsha ingqondo yakhe, kukho izizathu ezithathu zobume ezindele nzulu zokuba kutheni iPitoli iphazamiseka ekukhupheleni unyango kubemi boMzantsi Afrika abane-HIV abazizigidi ezihlanu.
Xa yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, olo nyango lunokuthi lube nokuguqula esi sifo ekubeni sibulale ngokungenasiphelo sibe sisifo esinganyangekiyo esifana nesifo seswekile.
Esinye isizathu luxinzelelo oluvezwa ziimarike zezimali zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezasekhaya ukugcina intsilelo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukarhulumente wasePitoli ukuya kwi-3% yeGross Domestic Product. Khumbula amazwi athethwayo ongasekhoyo uParks Mankahlana, isithethi esiphambili sikaMbeki, owakha wathethelela kwimagazini iScience ukuba kutheni urhulumente esala ukubonelela ngamachiza athomalalisa intsholongwane kagawulayo angabizi mali ininzi kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo, abane-HIV: `Laa mama uzakufa kwaye iHIV- umntwana onegetive uya kuba yinkedama. Loo mntwana kufuneka akhuliswe. Ngubani oza kukhulisa umntwana? Yimeko, urhulumente. Zizinto ke ezo, uyabona.โ
Endaweni yokusindisa ubomi, isebe lezemali likaMbeki lamkela izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka: ukucutha irhafu yeshishini ukusuka kuma-48% ngo-1994 ukuya kuma-30%; ukusasaza ngokutsha izixhobo zikarhulumente ukuze kuthengwe izixhobo zobugcisa obuphezulu ezixabisa iibhiliyoni ezingama-R60 [iibhiliyoni ezi-6]; kunye nokuhlawula malunga nama-25 eebhiliyoni zeerandi zetyala langaphandle ngexesha localu-calulo kunye nangaphezulu kwityala lasekhaya localucalulo, elinokuthi libhengezwe njengeLibi ngokwemigaqo yomthetho. Imizekelo enjalo yokungakhathali kwezemali iibhanki zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe zivunyiwe ngokubanzi, ngokungafaniyo nokwandisa inkcitho yezempilo karhulumente kunye nolunye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezentlalo, abathe oobhanki abaluxhasanga ngokucacileyo.
Isizathu sesibini solwakhiwo ngamandla ashiyekileyo abavelisi bamachiza ukukhusela amalungelo abo `kwipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda' (ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kumayeza asindisa ubomi). Olu xinzelelo aluzange luphele xa i-Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association yarhoxisa isimangalo sayo esaziwayo nxamnye nePitoli ngoAprili ka-2001.
Ngokwenene, amandla eBig Pharma avakala kwingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga namachiza abalulekileyo kwiimeko zikaxakeka zempilo yoluntu kwingqungquthela yeDoha World Trade Organisation ngoNovemba ophelileyo, ukusukela ngoko. Uxinzelelo lwamashishini lunceda ekucaciseni ukuba kutheni ilulawulo luka-Robert Mugabe kuphela oluthi, ukusukela ngoMeyi, abe nobuganga bokunikezela ngamayeza enziwe afana nalawo athomalalisa i-HIV kubemi abane-HIV. Kwimeko kaMugabe, okuxakayo, amachiza afumaneka ikakhulu kwiikliniki zasezidolophini ezisasebenza, kubantu abarhola imivuzo ephantsi uMugabe udla ngokuphatha ingcinezelo egqithisileyo.
Isizathu sesithathu sokwakhiwa kwembubhiso eqhubekayo ye-HIV/Aids eMzantsi Afrika bubukhulu bomkhosi wabasebenzi, kuba olu phawu lobungxowankulu luvumela iinkampani ukuba zithathe indawo yabasebenzi abagulayo zifake abantu abaphelelwe lithemba, abangaphangeliyo endaweni yokubanika unyango.
Inqaku lokugqibela lifuna ukucaciswa, ngenxa yokuba ubomi obuninzi busemngciphekweni okhawulezileyo, kwaye ubungqina obuninzi buye banyuka mva nje bokuba indlela ekhethwa yinkampani yaseMzantsi Afrika, enyanisweni, kukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ngokukhanyelwa kwezibonelelo zonyango.
Mhlawumbi lo mgaqo wavakaliswa ngobuchule ngusozimali uGeorge Soros, owabuzwa ngokunyanga i-HIV+ yabemi boMzantsi Afrika ngo-Epreli liZiko loSasazo laseMzantsi Afrika. Uphendule wathi, 'Ndicinga ukuba ukunika unyango uninzi lwabantu alunakwenzeka. Ndicinga ukuba ukunika unyango ngokomzekelo kubasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kugcina imali, ngokwenene kongela iinkampani imali.โ
Umntu owayenodliwano-ndlebe waphendula wathi, โAwukhululekanga na ukuthetha ngendlela eluhlobo lwesigwebo sentambo kwabo singenakukwazi ukubanyanga?โ waphendula watsho uSoros, โNdicinga ukuba iindleko zokunika unyango lokwenene kuye wonke umntu ekhoyo.. Andiqondi ukuba yinyani. Ayinakwenzeka.โ
Ngendlela ecwangciswe ngakumbi, kwafikelelwa kwisigqibo esifanayo emva konyaka wokufunda kwinkampani enkulu yaseAfrika, iAnglo American Corporation. I-Anglo inabasebenzi abayi-160,000, kwaye i-21% yabo i-HIV+. Emva kokuba iBig Pharma irhoxile kwisimangalo sayo ngo-Epreli ka-2001, inkampani yabhengeza ukuba izakubonelela ngamayeza e-anti-retroviral kubasebenzi bayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amashumi amawaka obomi bungasindiswa ngexesha elifutshane.
I-Anglo ikwaziphakamisa ngokwakhe uxanduva lwentlalontle ngokudlala indima yoshishino lwehlabathi kwiNgqungquthela yeHlabathi yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo-nangona indima yayo kurhwaphilizo lwedami elikhulu laseLesotho olusanda kubhengezwa olungcolisa amanzi aseRhawutini; igalelo layo kwintlitheko yerandi ka-2000-01 ngokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwengeniso kunye nezabelo kwikomkhulu lezemali laseLondon elitsha; ukutshatyalaliswa kwayo kwibhanti yobhedu yaseZambia ngokuvala mva nje eyona migodi mikhulu (yabucala); igalelo layo ekusasazeni i-HIV/Aids ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yayo yabasebenzi abavela kwamanye amazwe; kunye nentaphane yeminye igalelo lembali nelangoku kucalucalulo, ubuhlanga, ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabasebenzi.
Wayenobuzaza kangakanani uAnglo malunga nesithembiso samayeza ee-anti-retroviral? NgoJuni ka-2001, i-Financial Times yanika ingxelo 'ngezicwangciso zika-Anglo zokwenza iintlawulo ezikhethekileyo kubasebenzi-mgodini abaphethwe yi-HIV/Aids, phantsi komqathango wokuba bathathe umhlala-phantsi ngokuzithandela.' unyango lwabasebenzi ngee-anti-retrovirals lunokuba sezantsi kuneendleko ezenziwe ngokubashiya benganyangwanga.'
'Ingaba' yayisisilumkiso, njengoko uAnglo wayesihla kwithambeka lokukhanyela. Emva kwenyanga, iphephandaba laseRhawutini iBusiness Day labuza imibuzo yeendleko kumlawuli oyintloko wakwa-AngloGold u-Bobby Godsell: `Impendulo yam yokuqala njenge-CEO andiyithwali ntloko yam ngeerandi okanye iisenti iindleko zikaGawulayoโฆ Ukuba ne-HIV sisifo esingaphantsi komhlaba. .'
Nangona uGodsell evakalise โukuzinikela okuqinisekileyoโ ekujonganeni noGawulayo kunye `nokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kubasebenzi,โ inkokeli yombutho wabasebenzi mgodini, uGwede Mantashe, akavumanga: `Abanawo umgaqo-nkqubo kaGawulayo. Baye baba neentengiso ezininzi ezingabafanelanga nezingafanelekanga.โ
Ubhengezo oluhle lwaqhubeka, nangona kunjalo. Ngo-Agasti, usekela-mongameli we-Anglo kwezamayeza, uBrian Brink, waqhayisa ngoSuku lweShishini malunga `neqhinga [eli]bandakanya ukubonelela ngeenkqubo zempilo, kuquka ukufikelela kunyango lwe-anti-retroviral.'
Ngokwaloo ngxelo, `Inkampani yayikholelwa ukuba iindleko zeenkqubo zayo ekugqibeleni ziya koyiswa ngeenzuzo ezifunyenweyo ekuzuzeni ngokuthe ngcembe kwimveliso, [Brink] waphetha. Nangona eneneni yayiliqhinga eliyingozi, yayikuphela kwento uAnglo awayenokuyisukela xa ejamelene nokubandezeleka kwabantu.โ
Kwaze ngo-Okthobha, uAnglo wasirhoxisa isithembiso sakhe, emva kokuba uhlalutyo lweendleko-nzuzo lubonise ukuba abasebenzi abali-146,000 bebengafanelanga kulondolozwa. Ngokutsho kwe-FT, u-Brink `uthe abasebenzi abaphezulu benkampani abayi-14,000 baya kufumana unyango lwe-anti-retroviral njengenxalenye ye-inshurensi yabo yezonyango, kodwa ukubonelela ngonyango lwamachiza kubasebenzi abamkela umvuzo ophantsi kwabiza kakhulu.'
UBrink uchaze indlela yohlalutyo olubulalayo: `[Ii-Anti-retrovirals] zinokusindisa ekungayi emsebenzini kunye nokuphucula imveliso. Ugcino olwenzayo lunokuba lukhulu, kodwa ngokwenene asazi ukuba luza kugcinwa njani na. Sivakalelwa kukuba iindleko ziya kuba nkulu kunokonga.โ
Imvakalelo yokungakhathali yaba ngumgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Njengoko iWall Street Journal yarekhoda nge-16 ka-Epreli, `Kwintshukumo ephikisanayo enokuthi ibe neziphumo ezibanzi malunga nendlela iinkampani kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ezisiphatha ngayo uGawulayo, isigebenga sezimayini i-Anglo American PLC iye yamisa uphononongo lokubonelela ngamachiza kaGawulayo kubasebenzi bayo baseAfrika. , ngokutsho kwabantu abaqheleneyo nale meko. Xa yayibhengeza izicwangciso zayo zolu phando kunyaka ophelileyo, i-Anglo yazuza udumo olukhulu kuba yayiyenye yeenkampani zokuqala eziphambili ukutyhila imilinganiselo ejoliswe ekunyangeni izifo zikaGawulayo phakathi kwabasebenzi bayo abangama-Afrika.โ
UGodsell uphumelele imbuyekezo, egxeka wonke umntu ngaphandle kuka-Anglo: `Senza imozulu embi kakhulu kuphononongo lokulinga, sinemiqobo eyahlukahlukeneyo enxulumene nezoshishino nezopolitiko zelizwe, kunye nenkxaso encinane kakhulu evela kwiinkampani zamachiza.
Emva kwenyanga, oyena mchazi-ntetho waseMzantsi Afrika, u-Ken Owen, wakuthethelela ukulunga komgaqo-nkqubo we-Anglo: `Ndiyathandabuza malunga nemeko yoqoqosho lwemini yesiphelo eveliswe ngubhubhane we-Aidsโฆ Kule minyaka ilishumi iseleyo, ubuncinane, abalahlekileyo abasebenzi baya kutshintshwa ngokulula ukusuka kwizigidi zabantu abangaphangeliyo, kwaye uluntu luya kulungelelanisa ngeendlela ezininzi zokunqongophala kwabasebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, abasebenzi basemakhitshini abasisigidi babumba iqela lemisebenzi enokutsalwa kushishino.โ
Lo mbonakaliso wokuzigwagwisa uwushiya phi umbutho wamatshantliziyo onyango? Ingaba uloyiso luka-2001 kwi-Big Pharma kunye nesigwebo seNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko esilindelekileyo ngokuchasene noMbeki malunga nokufikelela kumachiza kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abane-HIV kuyakuvumela abacwangcisi abaphambili ukuba bajike, kunye namahlakani abo emsebenzini, ngokuchasene nongxowankulu-jikelele?
Impendulo inokuthi ixhomekeke ekutshintsheni imimiselo yeendleko kunye neenzuzo, ngokwenza iifemu zibe noxanduva loluntu ngokubulala abasebenzi babo ngokungahoywa kwe-inshurensi yezonyango.
Kukho umzekelo omhle. Emva kokungcungcuthekiswa rhoqo ngamatsha ntliziyo kwaye etyholwa ngemikhwa yokubulala isizwe ngabahlalutyi abazimiseleyo kunye namajelo eendaba, uMbeki utyholwa ukuba wenza umgaqo-nkqubo we-HIV/Aids u-U-turn ngo-Epreli, ngokuthi ekugqibeleni avume ukunika amayeza abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye namaxhoba odlwengulo. Kodwa utshintsho lwengqondo lweza kanye nje ukuba uxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke kunye neentloni ziye zagqithisa, kwaye iintatheli zamazwe angaphandle zagrogrisa ngokuphazamisa ingqalelo kwimishini kaMbeki yeG8 yokunyusa ingxowa-mali. (Kwaye inokuba yinto yethutyana, ngaphandle kokuba uxinzelelo lokubukela luyagcinwa.)
Kodwa iingxaki zesakhiwo ezayanyaniswa nokuxhaphaka kweneoliberalism yaseMzantsi Afrika zithetha ukuba akukho nkqubela ingako inokulindelwa ukusuka ePitoli de amatsha ntliziyo eHIV/Aids kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi bamkele i-ajenda yenkxaso emandla ekhokelela emva kokubawa kweBig Pharma kunye nobugeza bukaMbeki's Aids-denialism. . Isicwangciso esinjalo siya kubhenca uhlalutyo lweendleko zenzuzo ka-Anglo-kwaye siyakongeza kwicala leendleko zeequation zenkampani isohlwayo esicacileyo sentlalontle ngokuqhubeka nenkqubo yezibonelelo zabasebenzi abangekho ngqongqo ekunokuthiwa kubulawe abantu abaninzi ngokungenanjongo.
Nge-WSSD, amathuba okuthotywa kwehlabathi jikelele kwe-Anglo's-kunye ne-SA eyinkunzi yenkampani ye-SA-ithuku lokutshabalalisa uhlanga maninzi.
(Unjingalwazi weYunivesithi yaseWits uPatrick Bond ngumhleli weFanonโs Warning, incwadi entsha egxeka iNepad, epapashwe yi-Africa World Press kunye neZiko loLwazi noPhuhliso olulolunye.)
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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