Kunye neBali elimalunga noMsebenzi ongaPheliyo, oHlangeneyo weembovane

Ithemba kunye nomoya uzingisa, nangona umzabalazo wenyaniso, ubulungisa, ubulungisa kunye nokulingana kunzima kakhulu, ubandezeleka kakhulu kwaye kuthatha iminyaka emininzi ukufikelela namanyathelo amancinci ukuya phambili. Xa bejamelene nokunye ukuhlehla emsebenzini nakumzabalazo wenyaniso nobulungisa, abantu basoloko bebuza ukuba ubani uwagcina njani amathemba kunye nomoya uqinisekile?

Eli nqaku limalunga nabantu ababandezelekayo, abasindayo nabaphila emva kwembubhiso yaseGuatemala, nendlela abagcina ngayo amehlo abo kwinyaniso nobulungisa, ngaphaya kwenkohlakalo nengcinezelo eyabatshabalalisa. Ibandakanya ibali elifutshane malunga nomzabalazo oqinileyo kunye nohlangeneyo weembovane ezibomvu eChikapate, eGuatemala.

ICANDELO LOKUBULAWA KWABANTU

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu ananye emva kokunceda isicwangciso kunye nokwenza ukubulawa kwabantu baseMayan Ixil kwisebe laseQuiche eGuatemala, njengenxalenye yephulo lelizwe lonke lengcinezelo yomkhosi exhaswa yi-US kunye nobunqolobi ngokuchasene nabantu baseGuatemala, iNkundla yeTyala yafumana yangaphambili. UNjengele Efrain Rios Montt unetyala lokutshabalalisa uhlanga kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini.

Wagwetywa ngoMeyi 10, 2013, iminyaka engama-80 entolongweni, uRios Montt oneminyaka engama-85 ubudala wavalelwa entolongweni. Le yimpumelelo engaqhelekanga, ekudala ilindelwe.

Okulusizi kukuba, kodwa ngokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili esi sigwebo sobutyala siye sachithwa ngokuyinxenye yiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, kwinkqubo yezomthetho eyonakele kakhulu yaseGuatemala. Maninzi amaqhinga asemthethweni kunye norhwaphilizo oluzayo kweli tyala, singasathethi ke ngengcinezelo ethe chatha kumaqela amaxhoba kunye namagqwetha amalungelo oluntu aya kuthi ngenkalipho aliqhubele phambili ityala. (Ukufumana ulwazi lwangoku: www.riosmontt-trial.org)

'UMLINGANISO' WOBULUNGISA OKUNXULUMANA NOBUKHULU BOKUNGASONZWANGA

Ngaphandle kokungenelela kweNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, isigwebo seNkundla yoTyala sihleli singumzekelo, umlinganiselo wobulungisa osele ulindelwe. Ulingo lwembubhiso lufanele ibhaso leNobel Peace.

'Ngumlinganiselo' wobulungisa njengoko kukho amanye amagosa aseGuatemala angaphambili nangoku, kuquka nomongameli obambeleyo u-Otto Perez Molina, kwaye kukho amagosa angaphambili aseMelika ekufuneka nawo avavanywe ngendima yawo ekubulaweni kwabantu kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini. (Ukufumana ulwazi malunga nendima yase-US: www.allannairn.org, www.nsarchive.org)

Ubukhulu bempumelelo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abuhambelani kuphela nobukhulu bezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nobutyebi kunye namandla, ukungohlwaywa kunye norhwaphilizo apho amaqela anetyala asebenza khona eGuatemala, kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye liqhubeka namhlanje. . IGuatemala ihleli ililizwe elixhaphaza kakhulu, elinobuhlanga kunye nengcinezelo eliphawulwa kukungohlwaywa kunye norhwaphilizo lwamacandelo anamandla.

Nangona kunjalo, ayingowona macandelo anamandla, atyebileyo eGuatemala kuphela asebenza ngokungohlwaywa. Akuzange kube njalo. Amanye amazwe, ngakumbi i-United States, kunye nabadlali behlabathi abanje nge IBhanki yeHlabathi, iBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseMelika (IDB) kunye nenkitha yeenkampani zehlabathi kunye nabatyali-mali baye baxhasa ngemali, benza ishishini elinengeniso kwaye bade bathatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo noorhulumente basemkhosini baseGuatemala amashumi eminyaka, nangeminyaka yayimbi kakhulu yobunqolobi kaRhulumente kunye nokubulawa kwabantu, ngo-1978-1983.

Namhlanje, abanye oorhulumente, iBhanki yehlabathi kunye ne-IDB kunye iinkampani zehlabathi inzuzo ukusuka kuluhlu lwamathuba oshishino kunye notyalo-mali ngelixa ungakhange ujike amehlo - njengoko benzile ngaphambili - ukuya kwingcinezelo, urhwaphilizo kunye nokungohlwaywa amaqabane abo aseGuatemala asebenza ngako.

UKUNGENZEKA, UKUSEBENZA KWEZIMBOVA

Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ndandihleli neqela labantu baseMayan Qeqchi emthunzini womthi omkhulu kuluntu lwaseChikapate, kumasipala wase-El Estor, kwisebe lase-Izabal, iimayile ezimbalwa ukusuka kwindlela yokulungisa i-nickel ore ukusuka e-Izabal. 1960s ukuya ku-2011 yayiyeyenkampani yemigodi yenickel yaseKhanada: INCO, Skye Resources kunye, kutsha nje, iHudbay Minerals.

Ukusukela ngo-2004, bendiza rhoqo e-El Estor, ndedwa okanye kunye nabathunywa bokufumana inyaniso, amagqwetha, intatheli kunye nabenzi befilimu, ukudibana namalungu oluntu asekuhlaleni abaye babandezeleka kakhulu kwimpilo kunye nokulimala kokusingqongileyo kunye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo oluntu okubangelwa ukulandelana. yeenkampani zemigodi zaseKhanada ezithe zasebenzisana ngokulandelelana koorhulumente baseGuatemala.

Olu monzakalo kunye nokwaphulwa komthetho lubandakanya: ukugxothwa ngokungekho mthethweni, ngobundlobongela kwabahlali belali kumakhaya nakwimihlaba yabo; ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo koluntu, kuquka amakhaya, impahla, izityalo nezilwanyana; ingcinezelo, kuquka ukubethwa nokudutyulwa; ukugetyengwa okujoliswe kuko kweenkokeli; ukudlwengulwa kwabasetyhini. Ukonakaliswa kunye nokuphulwa kwachazwa kakhulu ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 kunye no-1980s yokuqala, ehamba ngokuthe ngqo kunye neyona minyaka imbi yengcinezelo kunye nokubulawa kwabantu, kwaye kwakhona ukusuka kwi-2004 ukuya phambili.

Ngomhla wama-29 kuMeyi, 1978, abasetyhini kunye namadoda aseChipate babephakathi kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-100 ababulawa kwindyikityha yokufa kwidolophu yasePanzos, malunga neyure enye ukusuka. Kunye namakhulu abahlali baseQeqchi, baye apho beyokuqhanqalazela ukugxothwa komhlaba ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nocinezelo olwenziwe zizityebi, abanini-mhlaba abanamandla kulo mmandla wonke, kubandakanya ne-INCO. I-“Panzos Massacre” yasungula amaphulo elizwe lonke okubulala abantu abaninzi yaye ekugqibeleni kwaqhubeka kwada kwangowe-1983.

Phantsi komthi eChikapate, sihleli kwaye sathetha ngendlela ukubandezeleka okunxulumene nomgodi e-El Estor zizinto eziphuma kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, eziqhubekayo … ezingenasiphelo; malunga nokuba yintoni enye enokwenziwa, ngokukhatshwa kwamalungelo oluntu amaninzi kunye neemali, ukugxeka umonakalo nokubandezeleka, ukukhusela amalungelo abo kunye nokufuna ubulungisa kunye nembuyekezo.

Njengenxalenye yale ngxoxo, ndachaza ukuba yintoni i-Rights Action kunye namanye amaqela ayenzayo eMntla Melika ukuze siziphendulele, ngenxa yokuba yonke le meko yemigodi (e-El Estor, kwenye indawo eGuatemala, kulo lonke elaseMbindi Melika, ...) iGlobal North, ngakumbi iKhanada; ukuba yonke imigaqo-nkqubo ebalulekileyo yoluntu, iqumrhu, umtyali-mali kunye nezigqibo zabathengi zathathwa eMntla; ukuba phantse zonke iingenelo kunye neengeniso ezivela kwimigodi bezisiya emantla, ngelixa zonke iingozi kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho bezisenzeka kanye apha kwiindawo ezifana neChikapate kunye nolunye uluntu lwaseQeqchi kulo mmandla.

Njengoko ndandithetha malunga nendlela le ngxaki 'esemantla-emazantsi' ngokwenkcazo kwaye kangangoko ukuba akukho tshintsho olungakumbi kufuneka lukhutshwe eMntla, ndandijolise kuhlaselo olugxininisiweyo lweembovane ezibomvu. Bathe xa bephithizela ezinyaweni nasemaqatheni, ndatsiba-tsiba ndiswayipha kwiimbovane.

Into yokuqala eyenzekayo emva kokuba nditsibe ndaza ndatsiba-tsiba kukuba wonke umntu wabhomboloza yintsini. Emva kokuba ndizinze kwenye indawo phantsi komthi, iimbovane zikhululekile, saqhubeka nentlanganiso yethu, ... kwaye sathetha ngeembovane.

Oko kwakufuneka sibe nokuqokelelana, ukomelela kunye nokuqina kweembovane. Sathetha ngendlela umkhosi omkhulu wangaphandle, mna kule meko, ofike ungafunwanga kwaye ungamenywanga kwimihlaba yabo kwaye watshabalalisa. Iimbovane zazingenandlela yimbi ngaphandle kokukhusela ngokudibeneyo amakhaya namasimi azo phantsi kwaloo mthi, kwaye – kancinane kancinane, zilunywe ngokuluma – zizilwela ngamandla kunye nobunzima bomhlaseli. Benjenjalo ke. Ndabaleka.

Yile nto umzabalazo wokuphelisa ukumbiwa kwemigodi kubangele umonakalo kunye nokuphulwa. Ukuchasana namaqumrhu anamandla ehlabathi kunye nabatyali-zimali (kubandakanya iBhanki yehlabathi, i-IDB) exhaswa ngoorhulumente baseGuatemala, eUnited States naseKhanada, uluntu olonzakeleyo lwezezimayini kunye namaqela amaqabane abo kuMntla Melika kufuneka ngokungakhathali nangenkalipho balwe, kancinci kancinci. , ukuluma ngokuluma, ukuphelisa umonakalo kunye nokuphulwa, ubulungisa kunye nembuyekezo, kunye nemodeli yophuhliso olujoliswe eluntwini kunye nokulawulwayo.

UKUZABALALA NGAMANDLA OMKHULU NOBUTYEBI, UKUNGAGOTHWELI NOBUQHWAPHELO

Kwaye oku kumalunga nomzabalazo wetyala lembubhiso. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, amawakawaka abantu abasinde kwimbubhiso bebesebenza ngenkalipho nabalwela amalungelo oluntu namagqwetha ukuze bathethe inyaniso ngoko kwenzeka kubo nokulwela ubulungisa nembuyekezo.

Nangona olona lwaphulo-mthetho lubi lukaRhulumente lwenziwa ngo-1978-1983, iinzame zokuthetha inyaniso nokuqalisa iinkqubo zomthetho azizange (ngenxa yengcinezelo noloyiko oluqhubekayo) ziqale ngokubanzi eGuatemala de kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1990. Nasemva koko, nokuqhubeka namhlanje, ingcinezelo, izoyikiso kunye noloyiko luhlala luhleli.

AMAXHOBA, ABASINDILE, ABAQINISEKILEYO

Ukusebenza ne-Rights Action ukusukela ngo-1994 ukuya phambili, ndibe newonga lokunceda ngezimali iinzame ezininzi ezimangalisayo kwi-Guatemala yokuthetha inyani malunga nokwenzekileyo, ukubuyisela inkumbulo eyimbali yabantu, kunye nokufuna ubulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho.

Ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini, kwaye isaqhubeka namhlanje, amaxhoba kunye nabasindileyo kwimbubhiso kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini baye baba ngabalinganiswa abaphambili emsebenzini nakumzabalazo wenyaniso, inkumbulo nobulungisa: ukugrunjwa kwamangcwaba afihlakeleyo apho amaxhoba ayelahlwa khona; ukuphinda kungcwatywe abafileyo ngemibhiyozo kaMayan, yobuKristu, yasekuhlaleni neyeentsapho; ukumisa izikhumbuzo zenyaniso; ukwakha iimyuziyam zoluntu; ukuqalisa iinkqubo zomthetho ngokuchasene nezinto eziphathekayo kunye nababhali beengqondo zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ekuhambeni kwethuba, ezinye zezi projekthi zisezantsi “aziphumelelanga”: abantu esasibaxhasa kunye nesisebenza nabo baye babandezeleka ngakumbi ngenxa yokufuna ukusebenzela inyaniso, inkumbulo nobulungisa; abanye babulawa; ezinye iiprojekthi aziphumelelanga ngenxa yengcinezelo yembali neqhubekayo yobuhlanga, ukuxhatshazwa kunye nentlupheko; uninzi lweenzame ezisemthethweni kwezobulungisa aziphumelelanga ngokuthe ngqo, okanye zahamba iminyaka ezinkundleni ngenxa yezakhelo zokungohlwaywa norhwaphilizo … kunye nengcinezelo eqhubekayo.

Nangona kunjalo nganye kwezi nzame zisezantsi iye yanomtsalane, ikhalipha kwaye ifaneleka ngokupheleleyo. Yingqokelela yale mizabalazo kunye neeprojekthi, njengoko iminyaka ihamba, yaba negalelo, kancinci kancinci, ekwaphuleni ukuthula, ukoyisa uloyiko kunye nokukhubazeka, nokudala imeko yezopolitiko eGuatemala, nakwamanye amazwe, ukuze umlinganiselo. Ubulungisa bunokwenziwa ngokuchasene nomnye wababhali abakrelekrele benye yeembubhiso zohlanga.

UMSEBENZI OZIZINGELAYO KUNYE NOZAMZAMO, EMNTLA NASEMZANTSI

Akukho zimpendulo zomlingo, akukho zindlela zingummangaliso zokoyisa iingxaki esijongene nazo, ezo ziqhelekileyo: khangela ukuqonda, imfundo, umbutho, isenzo ... kunye nohlobo lokuzibophelela oluya kuqhubeka ngaphandle kwezilingo zokuphoxeka, ngaphandle kokusilela kunye nokusilela okuninzi. yimpumelelo elinganiselweyo kuphela, ekhuthazwa lithemba lekamva eliqaqambileyo. (Noam Chomsky)

Umzabalazo ngamnye onxulumene nezimbiwa ubambe abenzi-bubi ukuba baphendule ngokwenzakala kunye nokwaphulwa, umzamo ngamnye wokubamba ababhali abakrelekrele (iGuatemalan kunye neMelika) baphendule ngokubulawa kwabantu kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho oluchasene noluntu unesibindi kwaye ufanelwe yinkxaso eninzi njengoko sinokubonelela, Isiseko esiqhubekayo, usuku phakathi, usuku, unyaka, unyaka, ishumi leminyaka, ishumi leminyaka.

Ngendlela efanayo ukuba abantu baseGuatemala baqhubeke nokurhoxa ekungohlwayweni kwamacandelo abo anamandla, azizityebi, abantu baseMntla baseMelika baya kwenza okufanayo. Nokuba uzama ukubamba urhulumente wase-US ukuba aphendule ngendima yakhe kwimbubhiso yaseGuatemala, okanye ukubamba oorhulumente bethu, amaqumrhu kunye nabatyali-mali ukuba baphendule ngokubangela kunye nokwenza inzuzo kumonakalo onxulumene nezimbiwa kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho, asinayo enye indlela encinci ngaphandle kokuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo, umzabalazo. ngomzabalazo, kancinci kancinci, ngokuluma ngokuluma.

Ithemba kunye nomoya okhoyo ebomini uyanyanzela kwaye ulondoloze umzabalazo wenyaniso nobulungisa. Hayi ulwaphulo-mthetho.

UGrahame Russell ligqwetha laseKhanada elingasebenziyo, umbhali, unjingalwazi oncedisayo kwiYunivesithi yaseNorthern British Columbia kwaye, ukusukela ngo-1995, umlawuli oncedisayo we-Rights Action: info@rightsaction.org.