Ndaba ngumfundisi-ntsapho wokutshintsha ihlabathi. Ndabona ekufundiseni ithuba lokufikelela abona bafundi banzima, indlela yokujongana nemiphumo ehlala ihleli yentlupheko, ubuhlanga, kunye nezinye iintlobo zengcinezelo ezisaqhubeka nokungcungcuthekisa uninzi loluntu lwethu.
Ekufundiseni ndabona umsebenzi onamandla, lowo ndandinokwakha ubuhlobo obunentsingiselo nabantu. Kum, ukufundisa kwakungumsebenzi owawuza kundivumela ukuba ndixhathise ukungabikho kokusesikweni okuxhaphakileyo ehlabathini ndize ndiphephe ukuba sisiqhwala nje somatshini. Ndisakubona ukufundisa ngolu hlobo, kwaye lo mbono usaqhubeka undikhokela njengomfundisi-ntsapho wootitshala kwinqanaba leyunivesithi namhlanje.
Ndinexhala ngootitshala, kwixesha elizayo nelangoku, kwiikhosi zam zemfundo. Uninzi lwabo luncinci, luphakathi kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya ekuqaleni kwe-30. Nangona uninzi lusebenza kwiziqinisekiso zabo, ndikwabaninzi abasele bengootishala baseklasini ababuyelayo ukuze bafumane izidanga zabo.
Akukho Mntwana ushiyekileyo ngasemva kunye nolawulo lwayo lovavanyo olungqongqo lwaqala ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo, kwaye kumazwe amaninzi ijuggernaut yovavanyo yayisele isendleleni. Abafundi bam baseyunivesithi babhala iimvavanyo eziphezulu kumabanga aphantsi, aphakathi namabanga aphakamileyo. Uninzi lwathatha iimvavanyo eziphezulu zokungena ekholejini. Benza iimvavanyo ukuze babe ngootitshala abaqinisekisiweyo. Phantse basoloko besenza uvavanyo olulungileyo ngexesha ndibabona, abafundi bam bangamalungu esizukulwana esivavanyiweyo.
Ndinexhala malunga nentlawulo yokuba ezi zithintelo ziphakamileyo, iimvavanyo ezisemgangathweni ziye zathatha ukuqonda kwezemfundo kwabafundi bam. Impembelelo eyongezelekayo ekuqondeni kwabo imfundo nokufundisa inzulu: Nokuba abafundi bam bayazibuza imibuzo kwiimvavanyo kwaye babone iziphumo eziyingozi zovavanyo oluphezulu ekufundiseni nasekufundeni, bahlala benobunzima bokubona amagumbi okufundela anokuba okanye afanele. ibe nayiphi na eyahlukileyo. I-horizons yabo ilinganiselwe ngenxa yokuba baye baziwa kakhulu kwaye bafumana uvavanyo oluphezulu kubomi babo bezemfundo.
Ithiyori yeyelenqe elikum ucinga ukuba mhlawumbi le ibiyinjongo yabatyhali bovavanyo. Fumana isizukulwana esinye “njengesizukulwana esivavanyiweyo,” kwaye siya kuba neqela labafundisi-ntsapho abangakwaziyo ukucinga ngenye indlela.
Ngelishwa, ngenxa yendibaniselwano yombono wabo othintelweyo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wemfundo okhoyo ngoku, kwiimeko ezininzi abafundi bam baye bomelezwa le nkqubo yokufundisa yovavanyo-yinto-kuphela-yonke kuphela xa bengena kumagumbi okufundela. Nokuba bangabafundisi-ntsapho okanye amagqala eklasini, ukwala abakuvayo kwisithili, urhulumente, kunye namagosa omanyano kuye kwangaguquguquki ngokumangalisayo kule minyaka idlulileyo: imigangatho eyongezelelekileyo, iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu, izikhokelo ezihamba phambili, imiyalelo ebhalwe ngaphezulu, izoyikiso zolawulo, kunye nabafundi abaninzi. kwiiklasi abazifundisayo-bonke benezibonelelo ezimbalwa, amalungelo ambalwa, kunye nokhuseleko olumbalwa.
Ukudlala iSimumu ukuze kulingane iScript
Imeko yangoku yokufundisa phantsi kovavanyo oluphezulu icacile. Kuphando lwam, kunye nophando lwabanye abangenakubalwa, iziphumo zixhasa oko ootitshala abaninzi baseklasini abakwaziyo kumava abo emihla ngemihla: Iinkqubo zovavanyo oluphezulu lunyanzelisa ootitshala ukuba batshintshe zombini ikharityhulamu yabo kunye nokufundisa ukuze kuhambelane nantoni na. ukwimvavanyo.
Ulawulo lokufundisa ngezikim zoxanduva lokuphendula olusekelwe kuvavanyo mhlawumbi lubonakaliswa ngcono ngokunyuka kwekharityhulamu yokufunda. Phantsi kweeprogram ezilolu hlobo, abalawuli bagunyazisa ootitshala ukuba basebenzise izinto zokufunda ezipakishwe kwangaphambili ezingadingi galelo lobuchule okanye kuthathwe izigqibo ngootitshala. Ootitshala kwizikolo ezininzi nakwizithili ezininzi eziqhuba kakubi baye bafunwa ziinkokeli zezikolo ukuba basebenzise iinkqubo zokufundisa ezipakishwe ngokurhweba, ezifana neNkundla Evulekileyo, exelela ootitshala kanye ukuba leliphi iphepha elifanele libe kusuku ngalunye kwakunye negama nomgca ngamnye abavunyelwe ukuba bawubhale. yithi ngelixa ufundisa ukufunda, konke oko kukulungiselela uvavanyo oluphezulu.
Sinokubona ulwimi olungqongqo lwekharityhulamu ebhaliweyo ngokujonga kwi UkuFunda kweHoughton Mifflin: Ilifa lokuFunda nokuBhala (Uhlelo lootitshala lwaseCalifornia) njengencwadi yesikhokelo yebanga loku-1 njengomzekelo. Iscript siqala ekuqaleni; kwintshayelelo uHoughton Mifflin uyalela ootitshala ukuba:
Funda ngokuvakalayo iphepha lokuqala uze ume ngaphambi kwesiqendu sokugqibela. Yithi: Ilizwe lakho yiCalifornia. ICalifornia ibeke imigangatho yam kunye nawe ukuba ndikuncede ufunde kulo nyaka. Masifunde ngakumbi ngale migangatho. Ngoku funda umhlathi wokugqibela. . . . Cacisa ukuba, kwibali ngalinye, imigangatho ixelela abantwana oko bakufundayo.
Yithi: Xa ungena esikolweni, awufiki eklasini yakho ngequbuliso. Uhamba apho, inyathelo elinye ngexesha. Imigangatho iyafana. Akuyomfuneko ukuba ubazi bonke ngaxeshanye. Uya kuzifunda njengoko uhamba.
Kwasekuqaleni, isicatshulwa sikaHoughton Mifflin asipheleli nje ekuhambiseni ootitshala kuhambo olubhalwe phantsi ngomyalelo wolwazi lokufunda nokubhala, kodwa sikwabethelela ulungelelwaniso lwengcamango yeencwadi zeempendulo njengenxalenye yomyalelo osekelwe kwimigangatho.
Isalathiso esibhalwe phantsi siyaqhubeka kuyo yonke isicatshulwa. Kwicandelo lezandi, uHoughton Mifflin uyalela ootitshala ukuba:
ithi cat. Buza: Sesiphi isandi osivayo ekuqaleni kwekati? Ngowuphi unobumba endifanele ukuwubhala kwibhokisi yokuqala? Bhala c.
Buza: Sesiphi isandi osivayo ngokulandelayo ekati? Biza umntwana ukuba eze ebhodini aze abhale a kwibhokisi yesibini.
Buza: Sesiphi isandi osivayo ekupheleni kwekati? Ngowuphi unobumba endifanele ukuwubhala kwibhokisi yokugqibela? Bhala t.
Incwadi yesifundo izele yimizekelo efanayo yemiyalelo ebhalwe kakhulu kunye nemiyalelo yephepha nephepha malunga nokuba utitshala ngamnye makafunde ntoni ngolandelelwano yaye loluphi usuku.
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ootitshala banako kwaye bayaluchasa olu hlobo lokubhala, maxa wambi besongelwa ngokuphulukana nemisebenzi yabo, lo mzekelo ubonisa ukungakwazi ukufunda okucingelwayo kootitshala namhlanje, abajongwa ngabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo, abalawuli, kunye nabavelisi beencwadi zezifundo njengabangenazakhono kangako. kwaye akwanelanga ukuba bafune i-parrot ikharityhulam ebhalwe kwangaphambili ukuze isebenze.
Ezo nkqubo zekharityhulamu ezibhaliweyo azikhange zisiwe kukufunda nje nakukufundisa ubugcisa bolwimi. Uphando lukaJulie Cwikla luchaza imeko apho abalawuli bagunyazise ukuphunyezwa kweprogram yemathematika yescripted direct instruction (SDI) eneenjongo ezithile zokunyusa amanqaku ovavanyo kunye nokubonelela ngovavanyo olulula lokufundisa. Umbhalo wale nkqubo yemathematika wawungqongqo kangangokuba, uCwikla uyacacisa, “Ukuba umfundi unombuzo, iSDI iyalela ootitshala ukuba baphinde umbhalo osele ufundwe ngaphambili.”
Ukunikwa iikharityhulam ezibhaliweyo ezilolo hlobo kunye nezikhokelo zesantya sisithili, ze emva koko zixelelwe ukuba zifundise iimvavanyo, kubethelela nzulu entliziyweni yootitshala nokufundisa. Ithintela ubuchule kunye namandla. Igabadela ubuchwephesha bendawo yomxholo kunye nolwazi lwabafundi, uluntu, kunye neenkcubeko. Iyawavala amazwi ootitshala nabafundi. Ixelela ootitshala ukuba bangazicingeli ngokufundisa kwabo: Ikharityhulamu esekelwe kuvavanyo olusekelwe kuvavanyo oluphezulu lwekharityhulam nokufundisa bacela ootitshala ukuba badlale izimumu. Kunjengokuba omnye umfundisi-ntsapho wezibalo washwankathela eklasini ngenye ingokuhlwa: “Akukho mfundiso yokwenene ifunekayo. Kufana nekharityhulamu ekhawulezileyo. Wongeza nje amanzi.”
Kwaye apha kukho ukuphikisana okusembindini phakathi komsebenzi wokufundisa owenziwe ngamanqwanqwa aphezulu, iimvavanyo ezisemgangathweni. Ootitshala bathweswe uxanduva ngakumbi nangakumbi “lokuphendula” ngamanqaku ovavanyo kunye nempumelelo yabafundi lo gama kufuneka bathathe uxanduva olunciphayo malunga nekharityhulamu yabo, i-pedagogy, kunye nento eyenzekayo kumagumbi abo okufundela. Zivavanywe, zifundise iimvavanyo, zinike iimvavanyo, uphile kwaye ufe ngovavanyo. Amagunya akhoyo aya kukubamba uxanduva lokufundisa isicwangciso sesifundo esingesiso esakho ukuqala, kwaye ukuba uyaphula kwiskripthi, ngoko awuphumelelanga kubafundi bakho kwaye uya kuqeqeshwa ngokufanelekileyo. Yinkqubo ekhuthaza ukungeniswa kootitshala endaweni yothethathethwano, kunye nokuphanziswa kokufundisa endaweni yoxanduva nonxibelelaniso nokwenzeka eklasini.
Ngokumalunga noku, i-ajenda yabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo yootitshala iselubala. Ngaxeshanye bathabatha igunya nesigwebo kootitshala, ngelixa bequlunqa izikim zentlawulo yootitshala kunye neendlela zokufundisa ukuze babeke abantu uxanduva lokuphumeza izicwangciso (ebezibizwa ngokuba bukufundisa ngaphambili) apho ootitshala babengenalizwi kwasekuqaleni. Ootitshala ke ngoko bathwele uxanduva olukhulu lwamanqaku ovavanyo lwabafundi, kodwa abavunyelwa ukuba bathathe uxanduva lokufundisa kwabo. Endaweni yokuphatha ootitshala njengeengcali, ii-arhente zokucinga zokufunda nezokutshintsha, umgaqo-nkqubo wethu wezemfundo uthatha ngokuba ootitshala abanabuchule kwaye abafanelekanga ukubandakanya abantwana ekufundeni ngehlabathi.
Ukudlala i-Smart ukuchasana neskripthi
Intshukumo yoxanduva oluphezulu kwezemfundo e-United States inokunyanzela uhlengahlengiso olukhulu lokufundisa, kodwa yonke into ayilahlekanga. Umanyano lwe-bipartisan oluxhasa ukuba Akukho Mntwana Oshiywe ngasemva luye lwawa ngokusebenzayo, kwaye ukuchasana okudumileyo kuvavanyo oluphezulu kuyaqhubeka nokwakha phakathi kwabazali kunye nootitshala ngokufanayo.
Uphando luye lwaqinisekisa oku kunganeliseki: Ngokomzekelo, uphando lwakutsha nje lwe-National Academy of Sciences lujonge kwiminyaka eyi-10 yedatha kwaye lwagqiba ukuba uvavanyo oluphezulu luye lwasilela ngokupheleleyo ekwandiseni impumelelo naphi na kufutshane namanqanaba ezinye izizwe eziqhuba kakuhle. . Ngaphaya koko, njengoko kuchaziwe kumaphepha e Izikolo eziHlaziyo (“Ayilunganga okanye ayichanekanga,” kaJanuwari 2011), siyazi ukuba uphando lufumanisa ukuba iimvavanyo zenqanaba eliphezulu azisebenzi ekumetasheni ngokuchanekileyo kokubini ukufundisa nokufunda.
Nathi siyazi ngcono. Siyazi ukuba ootitshala abazizo iirobhothi ezingenangqondo ezicwangciselwe ukwenza umsebenzi olandelayo wokufundisa kumgca wendibano yemfundo. Siyazi ukuba, ngaphandle kwemigaqo-nkqubo ephosakeleyo etyhalela ootitshala kumacala angalunganga, ootitshala banokubulawula ngokuyilayo ubomi babo bekharityhulam—yaye bakwenza oko ngeendlela ezinamandla.
Ngokomzekelo, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10, i-Teacher 4 Social Justice (T4SJ) e-San Francisco-eyenziwe ngootitshala besikolo sikarhulumente se-K-12-iqhube inkomfa yosuku olunye emnandi ngoku ezoba ngaphezu kwabathathi-nxaxheba be-1,000 ekuhlaleni nakwilizwe lonke. Yindawo apho abafundisi-ntsapho, abafundi, kunye namatsha ntliziyo bakhela unxibelelwano, benze isicwangciso-qhinga sokuququzelela, kunye nokwabelana ngekharityhulam esekelwe kwipolitiki yobulungisa bentlalo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwabafundi. Iinkomfa ezifanayo kunye nemiboniso yekharityhulam yobulungisa kwezentlalo ziye zavela eChicago, kuMntla-ntshona wePasifiki, kwaye kutsha nje eBoston, phakathi kwezinye izixeko.
INethiwekhi yabaFundisi boBulungisa beNtlalo (ENSJ) inika omnye umzekelo. Abaququzeleli nje kuphela inkomfa yaminyaka le echasene nobuhlanga/i-anti-bias, kodwa badlale indima ephambili ekuqulunqweni komgaqo-nkqubo weencwadi zezifundo kwiZikolo zikaRhulumente zaseMilwaukee. Ukusebenzisana namanye amaqela asekuhlaleni, ukuphembelela amalungu ebhodi yesikolo, nokuba nenxaxheba kwiphulo lokubhala iileta, i-ENSJ yanceda ekuyekiseni isithili sesikolo ukwamkelwa kweencwadi zezifundo zezentlalo-ntle ze-K-8 ezazithwaxwa ziintsilelo ezinzulu ngokuphathelele ubuhlanga kunye neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo; iqela emva koko lizibandakanye kwinkqubo yothethathethwano eyagqiba ukuba zeziphi iitekisi zezifundo zentlalo ze-K-8 ezithengwe yisithili.
Into eboniswa zezi ndibano kunye nemizekelo yoququzelelo lwemfundo kukuba ootitshala bayikhathalele into abayifundisayo. Ngaphandle kwemigaqo-nkqubo esekelwe kuvavanyo ephezulu edodobalisa ubuchule bokuyila nokwandisa ukwahluka ekufundiseni, ootitshala bafuna ukuba ngabathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo ekufundeni kwabo. Bafuna ukuzibandakanya kuphuhliso lwekharityhulam enentsingiselo nebalulekileyo. Esikhundleni sokudlala usisimumu ukuze ulungele imibhalo evezwa kuvavanyo, ootitshala bangathanda “ukudlala bekrelekrele” kwikharityhulam nakwimiyalelo yabo ngokubandakanya abafundi ekufundeni, ukunikela ingqalelo kuluntu lwabafundi nakwiinkcubeko zabo, nokufundisa ngeendlela ezikhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe amanyathelo oxinzelelo. imiba yentlalo kunye nendalo.
Ekuqaleni ndaba ngutitshala we-K-12 ukuze ndisebenzele ihlabathi elinobulungisa ngokwentlalo. Ndacinga ukuba kubalulekile ukudlala ngobuchule kunye nekharityhulam yam kunye nabafundi bam-ukuze sonke sibe nokubandakanyeka kunye nengqondo. Njengoko ndisebenza nootitshala abangekabikho enkonzweni kunye nootitshala abasenkonzweni namhlanje, ndiphethe iinjongo ezifanayo nam. Ndifuna ukuba ootitshala bam kunye namanani angenakuxelwa babafundi abaza kudlula kumagumbi abo okufundela badlale ngobuchule, bazibone bengamatsha ntliziyo, kwaye basebenzise imfundo ukubuza ihlabathi ngemibuzo. Xa kujongwe amandla enziwe yikharityhulamu enamandla, akumangalisi ukuba abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo bekhuthaza okuchaseneyo noko.
Owayesakuba ngutitshala kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, uWayne Au ([imeyile ikhuselwe]) ngu Izikolo eziHlaziyo Umhleli kunye noNjingalwazi oncedisayo kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington, eBothell Campus.