Kuzo zonke izinto ezinomdla ezibhaliweyo malunga nohlaselo luka-Israyeli eLebhanon, ngokuqinisekileyo eyona nto ingaqhelekanga iqulethwe kwinqaku likaPaddy Ashdown le-Guardian ngoMgqibelo. "Sinye kuphela isisombululo kule ngxaki, kwaye sisisombululo sinye ekufuneka sisifumene e-Iraq: ukuya kwindawo ebanzi kuMbindi Mpuma kwaye siyenze ngokukhawuleza. I-US ayikwazi ukwenza oku. Kodwa iYurophu inako. โ(1)
I-US ayikwazi ukwenza oku? Uthetha ukuthini emhlabeni? Ekuqaleni ingxabano yakhe ibonakala iphosakele. Ngelixa u-Israyeli ejonge ukugcina indawo yakhe yokuhlala kwiPalestine, indawo yokuhlala ebanzi ayinakwenzeka. Ngokuqinisekileyo kulandela ukuba ilizwe elinelona gunya linamandla kwaSirayeli lilizwe elinamandla amakhulu okudala uxolo. Umgaqo-nkqubo welizwe lakwaSirayeli kunye neqhinga lomkhosi lixhomekeke ekuvunyweni kwe-United States.
Nangona i-Israel ikwindawo yama-23 kwisalathiso sophuhliso lwehlabathi - ngaphezulu kweGrisi, iSingapore, iPortugal neBrunei(2) - iseyeyona ndawo ifumana uncedo lwe-US. Urhulumente wase-US uye wakhupha i-11 yebhiliyoni zeerandi zoncedo lwangaphandle ngo-2004(3). Koku, uSirayeli ufumene i555m(4) yeedola. Amazwe amathathu ahlwempuzekileyo emhlabeni - Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone kunye neNiger - anikwe i-69m(5) iyonke. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kwi-2005 i-Israel nayo yafumana i-$ 2.2bn yoncedo lomkhosi (6). Ayixhomekekanga ngokwezoqoqosho kolu ncedo. Imveliso yayo yasekhaya iyonke ifikelela kwi-155 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, kwaye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezomkhosi ukuya kwi-9.5bn (7). Ivelisa izixhobo zayo ezininzi kwaye ithenga amacandelo kuwo wonke umhlaba - kubandakanywa, njengoko uMgcini we-Guardian utyhile kwiveki ephelileyo (8) - eUnited Kingdom. Kunoko, kuxhomekeke kuyo ngokwezopolitiko. Uninzi lwemali enikezelwe yinkqubo yeMali yoMkhosi waMazwe angaPhandle e-US - ngokufanayo nazo zonke iintlawulo zoncedo zase-US - zichithwa eMelika. U-Israel uyisebenzisela ukufumana iijethi ze-F15 kunye ne-F16, i-Apache, i-Cobra kunye nee-helicopter ze-Blackhawk, i-AGM, i-AIM kunye nemijukujelwa ye-Patriot, i-M-16 rifles, iziqhushumbisi ze-M-204 kunye ne-M-2 machine guns (9). Njengoko ihlazo likaPrestwick latyhila, iibhombu ezikhokelwa ngelaser, nangoku, zithunyelwa kwaSirayeli zisuka eUnited States.
Uninzi lwezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukubulala abantu basePalestina kwaye zisetyenziswa eLebhanon namhlanje. I-US Arms Control Act ithi โakukho nto yokhuselo okanye inkonzo yokhuselo eya kuthengiswa okanye iqeshiswe nguRhulumente waseUnited Statesโ ngaphandle kokuba ilungiselelo lawo โliya komeleza ukhuseleko lwaseUnited States kwaye likhuthaze uxolo lwehlabathiโ(10). Izixhobo zisenokuthengiswa โkumazwe anobubele kuphela ngenjongo yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi, ukuze kukhuseleke okusemthethweni [okanye] kugcinwe okanye kubuyiselwe uxolo nonqabiseko lwezizwe ngezizweโ (11).
Ngokunika ezi zixhobo kuSirayeli, urhulumente wase-US, enyanisweni, uthi zonke izenzo zakhe zomkhosi zilandelwa ngenjongo yokuzikhusela ngokusemthethweni, iimfuno zaseMelika kunye noxolo lwehlabathi. Ikwabandakanyeka ekubulaweni kwabantu kwaSirayeli. Ukhuseleko lwezozakuzo olubonelelwayo luyimfuneko.
Ukusukela ngo-1972 i-US isebenzise i-veto yayo kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo izihlandlo ezingama-40 ukuthintela ukuwiswa kwezigqibo ezazifuna ukukhusela amalungelo abantu basePalestina okanye ukugxeka ukugqithโ emgceni korhulumente wakwaSirayeli(12). Eli linani elikhulu lee-vetos kunawo onke amanye amalungu asisigxina athe abekwa ngexesha elinye(13). Owona mzekelo wamva nje wawukungquzulwa kwesindululo ngoJulayi 13th egxeka uhlaselo lwamaSirayeli eGaza kunye nokudutyulwa kweerokhethi kunye nokuxhwilwa kwejoni lakwaSirayeli ngamaqela asePalestina(14). Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, i-United States, exhaswa yiBritani, ivimbile zonke iinzame zamazwe ngamazwe zokuzisa ukupheliswa ngokukhawuleza, ukunika uSirayeli ingcamango ecacileyo yokuba unegunya lokuqhubeka nokuhlaselwa kweLebhanon.
Kucacile kuye nabani na - kwaye oku kufuneka kubandakanye uPaddy Ashdown - ukuba uSirayeli wayengenakuziphatha ngale ndlela esenza ngayo ngaphandle kokhuseleko lozakuzo lwase-United States. Ukuba urhulumente wase-US ubhengeze ukuba uya kuyeka ukunika inkxaso yasemkhosini kunye nezopolitiko ukuba u-Israel uyala ukubuyisela imimandla ehlanjiweyo, kuya kufuneka u-Israyeli athethe. Urhulumente wase-US unamandla kwelo lizwe. Kodwa ngaba inokusetyenziswa?
Iphepha elapapashwa ngoMatshi zizifundiswa zaseMelika uJohn Mearsheimer noStephen Walt babhala impembelelo engaqhelekanga yoqheliselo lwelobby yakwaSirayeli eWashington(15). Imikhosi edityanisiweyo yamaqela obuvangeli bamaKrestu kunye nemibutho yamaJuda yaseMelika efana neAmerican Israel Public Affairs Committee, bayaxoxa, baqinisekisa ukuba "uSirayeli ukhuselekile ekugxekweni" kwiCongress kwaye "ukwanawo amandla amakhulu kwisebe leSigqeba".
Abezopolitiko abaxhasa urhulumente wase-Israel bathululelwa ngemali, ngelixa abo bakhuphisanayo boyikiswa ngamaphulo okubhala iileta kunye nokunyeliswa kumajelo eendaba. Ukuba yonke enye into ayiphumeleli, indawo yokwamkela iindwendwe ithumela โumthulisi omkhuluโ: intlawulo yokuchasa ubuYuda(16). Abo bachasa imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wakwaSirayeli batyholwa ngokuwathiyile amaYuda.
Konke oku kwenza ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo owenziwe ngesandla ube nzima, kodwa akunakwenzeka. Ukumelana nabaxhaphazi ngokuqinisekileyo lolona vavanyo luphambili lobunkokeli. Umongameli wase-US kwithuba lakhe lesibini ukwisikhundla esinamandla sokufuna ukuba u-Israyeli ahlehle kwaye athethe. Kodwa ukuba uAshdown wayethetha ukuba akunakwenzeka ngokwasengqondweni nangokwengqondo ukuba urhulumente wase-US enze okuthile, unokuba nenqaku. Kwinkomfa yakhe noTony Blair ngoLwesihlanu, uGeorge Bush wabeka intsomi yakhe eqhelekileyo malunga nongquzulwano kuMbindi Mpuma. โKukho ukubandezeleka okuninzi eLebhanonโ, wacacisa, โkuba iHezbollah yahlasela uSirayeli. Kuninzi ukubandezeleka kwiNdawo yasePalestine ngenxa yokuba iHamas elwayo izama ukumisa ukuqhubela phambili kwedemokhrasi. Kukho ukubandezeleka eIraq ngenxa yokuba abanqolobi bazama ukusasaza ugonyamelo lwamahlelo baze banqande ukusasazeka kwedemokhrasi.โ (17) Ungquzulwano olukhoyo ngoku eLebhanon โlwaqalisa, ngequbuliso, ngokuqweqwediswa kwamajoni amabini akwaSirayeli kwaza kwadutyulwa imijukujelwa ngaphesheya komda. โ
Ndiyavuma ukuba i-Hizbollah yadubula okokuqala. Kodwa ngaphandle kweblue? Ukuhlala kukaSirayeli ngaphambili kumazantsi eLebhanon; ukuqhubeka nokuhlala kwayo kwiGolan Heights; ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuhlaliswa kwayo ngokuyinxenye kwiWest Bank kunye nokususwa kancinci kancinci kweJerusalem; ukudubula kwayo abantu, oomatshini bombane, iibhulorho nemibhobho eGaza; ukubetha nokudubula kwayo abantwana; ukuvalelwa okanye ukubulawa kweenkokeli zopolitiko zasePalestina; ukuxhatshazwa kwayo kwezindlu; iindawo zayo zokuhlola ezihlazisayo nezihlala ziyingozi, engqondweni kaBush, zisengqondweni okanye azinaziphumo zezopolitiko. Okufanayo kuya kuhlaselo lwase-US kunye nokuhlala kwe-Iraq kunye nezoyikiso eziqhubekayo zikaBush eziya eSyria nase-Iran. Kukho iseti enye kuphela yeearhente emsebenzini - abanqolobi - kwaye inkuthazo yabo ivela ngokuzenzekelayo kububi obusezintliziyweni zabo.
U-Israyeli akanatyala kuphela kule ngxaki. Ukudutyulwa kwemijukujelwa kwizixeko zayo kusisenzo sobugrogrisi esinganyamezelekiyo. Kodwa ukuze asiqonde isizathu sokuba abantu abahlasela elo lizwe bangazibeki phantsi izixhobo zabo, uKumkani waseFairyland uya kunyanzelwa ukuba amkele imiphumo yokuhlutha kukaSirayeli imihlaba yabanye abantu nokubulawa kwabemi, ngokuhlasela kwakhe iIraq. kunye nokusilela kwakhe, kule minyaka mithandathu idlulileyo, ukuphatha abantu basePalestina ngobulungisa. Kwaye oku kubonakala engakwazi ukuyenza. Endaweni yoko, iimpendulo zakhe ngolwesiHlanu zicetyisiwe, wenza ibali leminyaka eyi-millenarian yongquzulwano olwandayo olukhokelela kuloyiso lokugqibela lwenkululeko kunye nedemokhrasi.
Ke ndiyoyika ukuba uPaddy Ashdown ulungile. I-US ayinakulandela indawo yokuhlala ebanzi kuMbindi Mpuma, kuba ikhokelwa yindoda ehlala kwilizwe lakhe. www.monbiot.com
Iireferensi: 1. Paddy Ashdown, 29th July 2006. IYurophu kufuneka ikhokele kukhangelo loxolo kuMbindi Mpuma. UMlondolozi. 2. http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_HDI.pdf 3. USAID, 2006. I-US Overseas Loans and Grants: izibophelelo kunye nezigunyaziso zemali-mboleko, Julayi 1 1945 - Septemba 30 2004. http: //pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADF100.pdf 4. ibid. 5. ibid. 6. I-Arhente yoNcedo lwezoKhuseleko lweSebe lezoKhuseleko, ngomhla wama-30 kuSeptemba 2005. Ukuthengiswa koMkhosi waNgaphandle, ukuThengiswa koLwakhiwo loMkhosi waNgaphandle kunye neenyaniso zoNcedo loMkhosi. http://www.dsca.mil/programs/biz-ops/2005_facts/2005%20Facts%20Book%20Final.pdf 7. Central Intelligence Agency, 2006. The World Factbook: Israel. https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/is.html 8. Benjamin Joffe-Walt, 29th July 2006. Yenziwe e-UK, izisa ukutshatyalaliswa kweLebhanon - iinxalenye zaseBrithani kwii-helicopter zokuhlasela ezibulalayo zakwaSirayeli . UMlondolozi. 9. UWilliam D. Hartung noFrida Berrigan, ngomhla wesi-6 kuMeyi 2002. Ukudluliselwa kwezixhobo zaseU.S kunye noNcedo loKhuseleko kuSirayeli. Iziko leZixhobo zoRhwebo lwezixhobo. http://worldpolicy.org/projects/arms/reports/israel050602.html 10. Isihloko 22; Isahluko 39; Isahluko esingaphantsi 1; ยง 2753. Ukufaneleka kweenkonzo zokukhusela okanye amanqaku okukhusela. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode22/usc_sec_22_00002751โ-000-.html 11. Isihloko 22; Isahluko 39; Isahluko esingaphantsi 1; ยง 2754. Iinjongo apho ukuthengiswa komkhosi okanye ukuqeshwa kwe-United States kugunyazisiweyo; ingxelo kwiCongress. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode22/usc_sec_22_00002754โ-000-.html 12. Bona uDonald Neff, Meyi/Juni 2005. Uluhlu oluHlaziyiweyo lweeVetoes ezenziwa yi-United States ukuKhusela u-Israel Ukugxekwa liBhunga loKhuseleko leU.N. http://www.wrmea.com/archives/May-June_2005/0505014.html 13. I-UN General Assembly Official Records, ecatshulwe nguJohn J. Mearsheimer noStephen M. Walt, ngoMatshi 2006. I-Israel Lobby kunye ne-U.S. Policy Foreign. http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0040.pdf 14. IBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN, ngomhla we-13 kuJulayi 2006. IBhunga lezoKhuseleko lase-United States leSigqibo esiYilwayo kwiMisitho yaseGaza; Umbhalo obizelwe ukukhululwa kwejoni lakwa-Israeli, kumiswe ukusebenza komkhosi. www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8775.doc.htm 15. UJohn J. Mearsheimer noStephen M. Walt, ngoMatshi 2006. I-Israel Lobby kunye ne-U.S. Policy Foreign. http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0040.pdf 16. ibid. 17. I-Ofisi ye-Press Secretary, i-White House, i-28th kaJulayi 2006. UMongameli Bush kunye noNdunankulu uBlair wase-United Kingdom bathathe inxaxheba kwi-Press Availability. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/07/20060728-1.html