UTony Blair kunye noGeorge W. Bush bafuna ukuba umcimbi wokuhlola kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo uhambe. Eso sesinye sezizathu zokuba urhulumente kaBlair aphelise ukutshutshisa kwakhe umpempe uKatharine Gun ngoLwesithathu (25 Feb). Kodwa kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24, ihlazo lokuhlola i-UN laqhuma ngakumbi xa omnye wabaphathiswa bekhabhinethi kaBlair wathi iintlola zaseBritane zazibeke esweni iincoko zikaNobhala-Jikelele we-UN uKofi Annan ngexesha lokukhokela kuhlaselo lwase-Iraq kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Ezi zityholo zintsha, ezinenyaniso, ngoku zivela kulowo wayesakuba ngunobhala wophuhliso lwamazwe ngamazwe uClare Short. “Ndiyibonile imibhalo yeencoko zikaKofi Annan,” utshilo kudliwanondlebe ne-BBC Radio. “Enyanisweni bendikhe ndancokola noKofi xa sisiya emfazweni ndicinga ukuba 'Owu sithandwa, izakubakhona ikopi yale nto kwaye abantu baya kuyibona le nto siyithethayo mna naye.' ukuya kuhlola uAnnan namanye amagosa aphezulu e-UN.
Bambalwa abanokuthandabuza ukuba ezinye iindawo ezinkulu zeendaba zaseBritane ziya kugrumba ngokucokisekileyo ngaphantsi komphezulu weentlawulo ezimfutshane. Kodwa kwelinye icala leAtlantiki, ukuphepheka kwentatheli kumxholo wokuhlola we-UN kuye kwagqithisa kangangokuba asinakuqiniseka ukuba amajelo eendaba afuna ukugubungela ngokwaneleyo le bhombu entsha.
Kwiiveki ze-51 - ukususela kumhla iphephandaba le-Observer eLondon lasasaza iindaba malunga nokuhlola kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo kude kube ngumzuzu apho abatshutshisi baseBritani balahla izityholo malunga noGun ngoLwesithathu - iindaba ezinkulu eUnited States ziphantse zalihoya ibali.
Ukubhencwa koMkhi-mkhanyo, phantsi komxholo othi “Kutyhiliwe: Amaqhinga Amdaka ase-US okuphumelela ivoti kwiMfazwe yaseIraq,” kweza kwiintsuku ezili-18 ngaphambi kokuba kuqale uhlaselo lwase-Iraq. Ngokutyhila i-memo ye-Arhente yoKhuseleko yeSizwe yase-US eyimfihlo, iphephandaba lanikezela ngolwazi oluphambili xa libala kakhulu: ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe iqale.
Le memo ye-NSA yachaza ukubekw' esweni kwabathunywa abalishumi elinambini ngeevoti eziguqukayo kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN, kugxininiswa “kulo lonke ulwazi olunokunika abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo base-US umda wokufumana iziphumo ezivumelana neenjongo zase-US” - inkxaso imfazwe kwi-Iraq. Imemo yathi i-arhente iqalise "iphulo" lokuhlola oonozakuzaku be-UN, kubandakanya ukucofa iifowuni zasekhaya kunye neofisi kunye nokufunda ii-imeyile.
Kwiintsuku ezintathu emva kokuba eli bali liphumile, ndacela uvavanyo kwindoda eyanika iintatheli iPentagon Papers ngo-1971. UDaniel Ellsberg waphendula wathi: “Oku kuvuza kufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu kunamaPhepha ePentagon. … Ukuthetha inyani ngolu hlobo kunokuphelisa imfazwe.”
Kodwa nangona - okanye mhlawumbi ngakumbi kuba - imemo yayivela kurhulumente wase-US kwaye yabonisa ukuba iWashington yayihlola oozakuzaku be-UN, imithombo yeendaba enkulu yaseMelika ibonise umdla omncinci. Ukhuseleko lwalungekho okanye lwalungekho.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, ekupheleni kwemfazwe, iNew York Times ayizange igubungele isityhilelo sokuhlola se-UN. Phantse kwiiyure ezingama-96 emva kokuba uMbonisi eyixelile, ndiye ndafowunela i-Times isekela lomhleli wangaphandle u-Alison Smale ndabuza ukuba kutheni kungenjalo. “Besiqhele ukulindela ukwenza eyethu ingxelo yobukrelekrele,” waphendula watsho uSmale. Wongeze ukuba "asifumani siqinisekiso okanye izimvo." Ngamanye amazwi, amagosa ezobuntlola e-US anqabile ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuxoxa ngememo - ke i-Times ayiboni kufanelekile ukuba inike ingxelo ngayo.
IWashington Post ayenzanga ngcono kakhulu. Ishicilele inqaku elinamagama angama-514 kwiphepha elingasemva elinesihloko esithi “Ingxelo yokuHlola Akukho nto yothusayo kwi-UN” Ngelo xesha, iLos Angeles Times yapapasha inqaku elide eligxininisa kwasekuqaleni ukuba imisebenzi yentlola yase-US kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo “ikudala ikho. ” Ngenyathelo elilungileyo, eli nqaku linike ingxelo "ezinye iingcali zikrokrela ukuba inokuba yeyomgunyathi" - kwaye "amagosa aphambili kwezobuntlola athi ayabuthandabuza ubunyani bale memo."
Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa, nawaphi na amathandabuzo malunga “nobunyani” bememo ayephelile. Imithombo yeendaba yase-Bhritane yaxela ukuba urhulumente wase-UK ubambe umqeshwa obhinqileyo ongachazwanga ngagama kwi-arhente yobuntlola yaseBritane malunga nokuvuza.
Ngeli xesha, nangona kunjalo, ushicilelo olubonakalayo kushicilelo oluqhelekileyo lwase-US lwalunyamalele. Ngapha koko - ngaphandle kwebali leendaba ezineenkcukacha ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngababini beentatheli zeBaltimore Sun ezivele kwelo phephandaba ngoMatshi 4 - akukho mzekelo weendaba eziqhelekileyo zase-US ezibika ngebali kulo nyaka uphelileyo ukuba kufanelekile nakuphi na ukuzingca.
Embindini kaNovemba, okokuqala, igama likaKatharine Gun laye labhengezwa esidlangalaleni xa iphephandaba laseBhritane labika ukuba utyholwe ngokusesikweni ngokwaphula umthetho wemfihlo osemthethweni. Wathi gqi ngokufutshane kumatyala enkundla, waba sisibane esicacileyo sokuziphatha. Ukubhengezwa kwememo ye-NSA, uGun uthe, "kuyimfuneko ukunqanda imfazwe engekho mthethweni apho amawaka abahlali baseIraq kunye namajoni aseBhritane ayeza kubulawa okanye enzekaliswa." Kwaye: "Ndikhe ndalandela isazela sam kuphela."
Ukhangelo lwedatha ebanzi yeLexisNexis lufumanisa ukuba phantse iinyanga ezintathu emva kokuba igama likaKatharine Gun livele okokuqala kumajelo eendaba aseBritane, amabali eendaba ase-US akhankanya ukuba wayenqabile. Xa igama likaGun lalivela kwiidailies zase-US lalisoloko likwiphepha lezimvo. Amacandelo eendaba ayengakhathali: Kwakhona ngaphandle okuphawulekayo ngaphandle kweBaltimore Sun (eye yabhala inqaku leendaba nzulu malunga neGun kunye ne-Ellsberg ngoFebruwari 1), amasebe eendaba e-US aqhuba ngokungathi uKatharine Gun wayengengomntu. Waba “neendaba” kuphela emva kokuba izityholo zirhoxisiwe.
"Mr. Izithethi zikaBlair bezithe cwaka ngolwesithathu, kucaca ukuba zinethemba lokuba eli tyala liza kunyamalala kwi-ajenda yoluntu, ”ingxelo yeNew York Times kwiphepha langoLwesine. Kodwa eli tyala alizange libe kwi-ajenda yoluntu ngokubhekisele kwisebe leendaba le-Times.
(Imvelaphi malunga netyala le-Gun ifakwe ku-www.acuracy.org/gun, iphepha lewebhu leZiko lokuChaneka koLuntu, apho oogxa bam kunye nam siye sasebenza ukwenza ulwazi lufumaneke malunga nebali lokuhlola le-UN.)
Lilonke, umba wokuhlola kukaWashington kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo uphumile kwimephu yeendaba zaseMelika kude kube nguFebruwari. Ukuba iindaba eziphambili zase-US ziya kwenza umsebenzi ongcono kulo mbandela kule ntwasahlobo kusaza kubonakala. Kodwa bekuya kuba yimpazamo ukucinga ukuba baya kwenjenjalo.
Nangona ukutshutshiswa kukaGun kuphelile, umba wokuhlola i-UN awukapheli. Okusemngciphekweni yimfezeko yequmrhu lehlabathi ekungafanelanga ukuba linyamezele impatho-gadalala engenelelayo ngurhulumente welizwe elisindleke.
Sinokucinga ukuba uAdolfo Aguilar Zinser, owayesakuba ngunozakuzaku waseMexico kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, akazange athethe lula xa wathetha amazwi aqatha awaphuma kwiAssociated Press eyayithunyelwe kwisiXeko saseMexico ngoFebruwari 12: “Bawaphula umnqophiso wekomkhulu leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. .” Wayethetha ngamagosa karhulumente waseUnited States.
Le ngxelo ngoku ivakala ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Ngee-arhente zobuntlola zaseBritane nezaseMelika ezisebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye, zombini zitshixelwe kulwamkelo olulihlazo. Ngomdla wemfazwe, imisebenzi yabo ekhohlakeleyo yasebenza njengezinto ezichasene ngqo neenkohliso ezivela kwi-10 Downing Street kunye ne-White House. Ngenxa yomdla wobuntatheli, iintatheli ngoku kufuneka zilandele inyaniso naphi na apho zinokukhokelela khona.
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UNorman Solomon ungumbhali-mbhali we "I-Iraq ekujoliswe kuyo: Into engathethwanga ziiNdaba zeendaba."
