URHWEBO 'LAMAHHALA' LOKUHLAMBA KWAFAMA
Kubonakala kuninzi โukuhlamba iifamaโ kwezivumelwano zorhwebo ezintsha 'zasimahla', iTrans Pacific Partnership, (TPP) kunye neTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Umzekelo, inkqubo kanomathotholo kawonke-wonke, Apha kwaye ngoku, kwibali malunga nendlela i-United Auto Workers echasa ngayo i-TPP, icaphule imithombo ebanga ukuba "kucacile ukuba ezolimo zase-US ziya "kuxhamla" kwisivumelwano. Ingxoxo enikiweyo yayikukuba "abavelisi bokutya base-US banokukhuphisana kakhulu" phantsi kweenguqu. (Tracy Samilton, "UShishino lwe-Auto lwase-US luyalwa ngokuchasene noRhwebo oluSimahla,โ Apha Ngoku,โ 6/3/15.)
Ngelishwa, โukukhuphisanaโ kwiindidi zejagoni yongxowankulu esetyenziswe kwezolimo amashumi eminyaka, kuthetha ukulahlekelwa yimali ekuthengiseni amazwe angaphandle. Enyanisweni, kwisixa sezityalo ezisi-8 ezikhulu zasefama, (amaxabiso angumndilili wonyaka x umyinge wonyaka wemveliso, emva koko kudityaniswe kunye,) amafama ase-US aphulukene nemali kwiimarike zethu eziye zaphelelwa kulawulwa/'simahla' rhoqo ngonyaka ka-1981-2006, (ngaphandle kuka-1996). ). Yiloo 25 yeminyaka engama-26 yelahleko vs iindleko ezipheleleyo, njengoko kulinganiswe yi-USDA yeNkonzo yoPhando loQoqosho. Ezintlanu kwezi zityalo, (ingqolowa, ikotoni, ibhali, i-oats kunye ne-corn sorghum, kodwa ngaphandle kombona, iimbotyi zesoya kunye nerayisi,) ilahleko ayizange iphele, njengoko kubonwe kwilahleko ye-7 ye-8 iminyaka, i-2007-2014. Kwimveliso yobisi, okufanayo, ngo-1993-2014, (ngaphandle kowama-2007, xa amaxabiso ayezipeni ezimbalwa ngegaloni nganye ngaphezu kweendleko ezipheleleyo). Abalimi abangenelwa โngokukhuphisanaโ ngakumbi.
Abalimi base-US kudala bezichasa izivumelwano zorhwebo 'zasimahla' ngesizathu esisisiseko. Yehlisa amaxabiso efama! Urhwebo 'lwasimahla', olusekwe phezu kwengcamango yentengiso 'simahla', alusebenzi kwizityalo ezingundoqo zasefama. Oku kuyinyani phantsi kweemeko ezininzi zemarike ebesinazo iminyaka eyi-150, ukuya kwinkulungwane yama-21. Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ezi zityalo azikwazi ukuzilungisa ngokwazo, ukulungelelanisa ukubonelela kunye nemfuno. Unikezelo lwakudala kunye negophe lemfuno ayimeli inyaniso apha. Ingxaki kukuba ezi zityalo zasefama โukusilela ukuphendula ngexabiso"(http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/248.html) "kuzo zombini unikezelo kunye necala lemfuno yezolimo oludityanisiweyo,) (http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/325.html) oko kukuthi, amaqela ezityalo ezikhulu ezikhuliswa kwimimandla emikhulu yokulima. Oku kuyinyani phantsi kweemeko ezininzi zemarike ebesinazo iminyaka eyi-150, ukuya kwinkulungwane yama-21
INDLELA THINA ABAFAMA SIKUCHASE NGAYO URHWEBO 'OLUSAHHALA' KWINKONKOSI YONCEDO EFAMA
Ngo-1986, amashumi amawaka amafama athatha inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso zecaucus apho avotela kwizigqibo kunye nabathunywa be-United Farmer and Rancher Congress. Umsitho, okwaziwa njengeNkongolo yoNcedo lwaseFama, wawubanjwe nge-10-13 kaSeptemba 1986. Apha ngezantsi kukho icandelo elithi โUgunyaziso oluVunyiweyoโ ezinxulumene nemiba yorhwebo. (Jonga ngakumbi ku http://www.iatp.org/documents/a-report-on-the-united-farmers-and-rancher-congress.)
Qaphela ukuba amafama ase-US axhase amaxabiso afanelekileyo kumafama ehlabathi, hayi nje izibonelelo zawo. I-US yeyona ibalaseleyo kumthengisi kunye nenkokeli yexabiso. Sibeka amaxabiso ehlabathi kwizityalo ezikhulu zasefama. Kule minyaka ingama-60 idlulileyo sibeke loo maxabiso aphantsi naphantsi, afikelela kwincopho yawona maxabiso aphantsi eefama embalini, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, silandela isiphelo esipheleleyo senkqubo yefama โyolawulo lwentengisoโ eNtsha ngo-1996, naphantsi kwenkqubo yefama. Ulawulo lwe-NAFTA kunye ne-WTO. Ebudeni beminyaka, ngo-1997-2005, umbona kunye neembotyi zesoya nganye inesi-8 kwawona maxabiso aphantsi ali-9 embalini (emva ngowe-1866 ngombona, i-USDA-National Agricultural Statistical Service), yaye yayifana nezinye izityalo ezinkulu.
Njengomthengisi obalaseleyo kunye nenkokeli yamaxabiso ehlabathi, ukuthintela ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ekuthobeni amaxabiso emarike yase-US, njengoko kubonwe ngezantsi, kukwanceda ukugcina amaxabiso ehlabathi ekwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
Qaphela kwakhona ukuba amafama axhasa izivumelwano zorhwebo namanye amazwe alawula ngokufanelekileyo iimarike ukuze kuxhamle wonke umntu, ngamaxabiso afanelekileyo kumntu wonke.
Konke oku kukwabandakanywa kwicandelo lokuqala lezisombululo, eligxininise imfuno yamaxabiso emarike afanelekileyo. Kwelo candelo, bekukho nenkxaso yokubonelela ngoovimba, ukukhusela abathengi (kubandakanywa nabangathathi ntweni), abo bondla imfuyo, kunye nabanye abathengi beemveliso zasefama kumaxabiso anyuke ngaphezu kwamazinga afanelekileyo.
Nazi "umthunywa ovunyiweyo" resolutins IZINTO EZINGAKUMBI, UKUTHUNYELWA KWAMANYE AMAZWE, KUNYE NOMGAQO-NKQUBO WAMANYE AMAZWE.
NJENGOKO, ukuthengwa kokutya okuvela kumazwe angaphandle yi-US kuxabisa ngaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ezingama-20 zeedola ngonyaka.
NJENGOKO, Ezinye zezi zinto zithunyelwa ngaphandle zikhuphisana ngokuthe ngqo nezitokhwe ezingathengiswanga zezityalo nemfuyo eveliswe e-US.
NJENGOKO, Ezinye zezi zinto zingeniswa ngaphandle zingeniswa e-United States ngaphandle kwemigangatho efanayo yezempilo nokhuseleko efunwa ngabavelisi base-US.
NJENGOKO, Ezinye zezi mveliso zivela kumazwe angaphandle zizityalo eziziinkozo eziveliswa ngamaqumrhu okutya ezizwe ngezizwe kumhlaba ofunwa ngabantu baloo mazwe ukuze balime ukutya ukuze baphile.
NJENGOKO, ukuthengiswa kokutya kwamanye amazwe ngoku kudlula ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kusenza nzulu intsilelo yethu yorhwebo.
I-US kufuneka ingene kwiingxoxo ezininzi ezijoliswe ekufezekiseni "urhwebo olufanelekileyo" phakathi kwezizwe, kungekhona oko kubizwa ngokuba "urhwebo olukhululekile" olukhuthazwa yi-grain-trade multi-nationals. Olu thethwano kufuneka lujongane nemigangatho yezempilo kunye nokhuseleko, luqinisekise ukuba asidali indlala ngakumbi ngokuthenga kwethu ngaphandle, kwaye kufuneka ziquke uthethathethwano ngeekowuteshini zokungenisa elizweni ukuze siqinisekise ukuba asisayi kwandisa ngakumbi isitokhwe sethu esingathengiswanga apha e-US.
YIBA USOMBULULWE NGAPHEZULU, Ilizwe lemvelaphi yokutya kufuneka libhalwe.
YIBA KUPHAMBILI USOMBULULELWE, Ukuthengwa kwemveliso ekhuphisanayo kwamanye amazwe akufuneki kuvunyelwe eUnited States ngaphantsi kwe-110% yokulingana, kwaye oku kufuneka kuthathe indawo yezivumelwano zamacala amaninzi.
NJENGOKUBA, iCandelo lama-22 lomthetho wefama osisigxina, uMthetho ka-1949, lifuna ukuba uNobhala wezoLimo akhusele iinkqubo zolawulo lonikezelo lwasekhaya ukuba lusongelwa ngokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe.
NJENGOKUBA, Inkqubo yecuba yasekhaya, ngokwembali, inkqubo yecuba ephumeleleyo nezizixhasayo, itshatyalaliswa ngokungeniswa kwecuba kumazwe angaphandle okungalawulwayo ngamaqumrhu ecuba.
NJENGOKO, uNobhala esilele ukusebenzisa izibonelelo zeCandelo lama-22 njengoko kufunwa ngumthetho ukukhusela iinkqubo zemveliso yasekhaya.
IYA KUSONQONISWA, Unobhala kufuneka anyanzelise izibonelelo zeCandelo 22, kuzo zonke izityalo zeprogram ezisengozini efanayo.
INGABE SIPHENDULULE ISISOMBULULO, Izibonelelo ezikwisiVumelwano Jikelele seRhafu noRhwebo ezikhusela iinkqubo zolawulo lonikezelo lwangaphakathi ekuthengisweni kwezinto ngaphandle kwemiqathango ngaphandle kwemida kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye zomelezwe kumjikelo ozayo wothethwano.
NJENGOKO, iUnited States iyintengiso ebalulekileyo yemveliso yezolimo yamazwe amaninzi asakhasayo axhomekeke koku kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze afumane ingeniso yonaniso lwangaphandle ukuze ahlawule amatyala awo angaphandle.
I-US kufuneka ithathe inxaxheba kwizivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe ukunceda ukuqinisekisa amaxabiso emarike yehlabathi afanelekileyo kwiimveliso zamazwe asaphuhlayo ukuze kwandiswe ingeniso yokuthumela ngaphandle.
NJENGOKO, ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso yezolimo e-US kuqikelelwa kwiibhiliyoni ezingama-24 zeedola ngo-1986, malunga ne-10% yemveliso yethu yokutya kunye nefayibha.
NJENGOKUBA, nangona ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kuyipesenteji encinci yemveliso yase-US xa iyonke, ziyipesenti enkulu yorhwebo oluthunyelwa ngaphandle elizweni lonke, malunga ne-75% yorhwebo lwesoya yehlabathi, i-70% yombona, kunye ne-40% yengqolowa.
NJENGOKO, ukongamela kwe-US kurhwebo lwehlabathi kuthetha ukuba sibeka amaxabiso ehlabathi kwezona mpahla zorhwebo zisisiseko, ikakhulu ngamaxabiso angaphakathi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yemveliso. Xa sibeka amaxabiso eefama ngaphantsi kweendleko zemveliso, oko kunyanzelisa ukwehla kwamaxabiso ehlabathi, kucuthe ingeniso yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle kwabanye abathengisi.
NJENGOKO, Ukwehliswa kwamaxabiso ehlabathi ngabom yi-US kunyanzela amanye amazwe kwihlabathi jikelele ukuba anyuse imveliso yawo ukuze ahlawule amatyala awo angaphandle, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswa imakethi yokuthunyelwa kwe-US kumazwe angaphandle.
NJENGOKO, ukuthotywa kwamaxabiso eefama zase-US kukhokelela ekwehleni kwengeniso yase-US yokuthumela ngaphandle, ngenxa yobume obunelastic kwiimarike zokutya zehlabathi, nto leyo eyenza ibe mandundu ngakumbi intsilelo yorhwebo lwesizwe sethu.
NJENGOKO, Inkqubo yangoku yenkxaso yexabiso elinemigangatho emibini yamaxabiso ekujoliswe kuwo kunye neemali-mboleko ze-CCC yinkqubo ebiza kakhulu yenkxaso-mali yokuthumela ngaphandle, exabisa ngaphezulu kabini kwiidola zabarhafi njengexabiso lilonke lempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle exhaswayo. Umzekelo, ngo-1986 abahlawuli berhafu base-US baya kuhlawula ngaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ezi-6 zeerandi ukuxhasa umbona kumazwe angaphandle oxabisa iibhiliyoni ezi-3 zeedola kuphela.
YIBA ISISOMBULULO, imigaqo-nkqubo yeefama yasekhaya yase-US akufuneki ivunyelwe ukuba ibeke amaxabiso emarike yehlabathi ngokungekho mthethweni ngaphantsi kweendleko zemveliso, kwaye kufuneka singene kuthethathethwano olunamacala amaninzi nabo bonke abarhwebi abaphambili kunye nabarhwebi bangaphandle bemveliso yethu enkulu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwimiba yexabiso, umgangatho. , izabelo zemarike, kunye ne-carryover stocks.
KHAWUBE USOMBULULWE NGAKUMBI, Ukuthunyelwa kwefama kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka kulinganiswe ngexabiso ngeyunithi yemveliso, iyonke yeedola ezifunyenweyo kunye nomthamo.
NJENGOKO, Udumo lwase-US njengomnikezeli othembekileyo kwimarike yehlabathi lonzakaliswe kakhulu kukusebenzisa kwethu i-embargos zezopolitiko.
NJENGOKO, ukudityaniswa kwezinto zangaphandle kwiinkozo zethu ngabarhwebi baseMelika abathumela ngaphandle kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kwisidima sethu.
NJENGOKO, Ezi zinto zimbini izezona zithintelo zinzima ekuthunyelweni kumazwe angaphandle kweefama zase-US, hayi โamaxabiso aphezuluโ njengoko abathumeli bangaphandle bengqolowa bezama ukusixelela.
YIBA KUSOnjululwe, Kufuneka kubekho isiphelo esipheleleyo seembargos zezopolitiko, kwaye kufuneka siyeke ukungcoliseka ngabom komgangatho ophezulu weenkozo kunye nazo zonke iimveliso zezolimo kunye nokutya kunye nomcimbi wangaphandle njengamanyathelo okuqala okusimisela kwakhona njengomthengisi othembekileyo, osemgangathweni.
NJENGOKO, uncedo lophuhliso lwehlabathi lesithathu ngamaqumrhu ahlukeneyo, njengeBhanki yehlabathi kunye ne-IMF, zihlala zisekelwe kumanyathelo okunciphisa, anciphisa imarike enokubakho yempahla yase-US kumazwe achaphazelekayo, kunye nokutshintshwa kokulima ukuhlangabezana nokutya kwasekhaya. iimfuno kunye nezityalo eziinkozo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, rhoqo kukhuphiswano oluthe ngqo namafama ase-US.
YIBA KUSOnjululwe, i-US ayifanele ithathe inxaxheba kwii-arhente zamacala amaninzi ezibeka imilinganiselo yokunciphisa ngamabomu umgangatho wokuphila okanye ukukhuthaza ukufuduka kwezityalo zokutya ezikhuliswe ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kunye nezityalo zemali ezikhuliswe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle.
MAWINGAPHENDULU ISOMBULULO, izixhobo zase-US akufuneki zisetyenziselwe ukukhuthaza ukwanda kokhuphiswano lokuthumela ngaphandle ngenjongo yokuhlangula iibhanki ezinamacala amaninzi.
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