Jonga amakhonkco abonisa uMthetho oYilwayo weFama OFIHLEKILEYO, NGEZANTSI.
UMthetho osaYilwayo weFama EBONAKALAYO vs. uMthetho oYilwayo weFama OFIHLEKILEYO
Abo bajolisa ingqalelo kwiinkxaso-mali zamafama njengomba ongundoqo webhili yefama baye bacutha ukwazisa kuMthetho osaYilwayo weFama oBONAKALAYO, eyinkcitho yeefama. Kukwakho noMthetho osaYilwayo weFama OFIHLEKILEYO,1 onempembelelo enkulu kakhulu (malunga nesi-8 esikhulu ngakumbi). Abaxhasi benkxaso-mali baphantse bawutyeshela ngokupheleleyo uMthetho osaYilwayo weFama OFIHLEKILEYO, bengakhuthazi Lluphi na uhlaziyo kuwo. Ubhengezo lwabo, ke ngoko, lube LUCHASANA namaxhoba ebhili yeefama zokuqala, amaFama eeMveliso, kwaye ngokungazi KUBATHENGI boShishino lwezoLimo (impahla yokulahla impahla ngaphandle, ukutya kunye nefeed mills kunye nabalungiseleli be-HFCS, i-transfats, i-ethanol, njl., kunye neefektri zezilwanyana). UMthetho osaYilwayo weFama wehliswa (1953-1995) kwaye waphela (1996-2018) imigangatho yeXabiso leMveliso kunye noLawulo lweNtengo, wehlisa ingeniso yomfama ngeetriliyoni zeedola (okt. $2 yetriliyoni yombona kunye neembotyi zesoya, 1953-2010, ilungelelaniselwe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso).2 INkxaso-mali yaseFama ibuyekeze la maxhoba kuphela malunga nesinye kwisibhozo kuloo nto, ngokuncipha okushiyekileyo kwezisibhozo ezisibhozo kwiyunithi nganye. Ezi nkxaso-mali ZIBONAKALISA kwiDatha yeNkxaso yeFama kunye ne-USDA.3 Imigangatho ephantsi yexabiso kunye namaxabiso, nangona kunjalo, isebenze njengenzuzo enkulu EFIHLEKILEYO ye-agribusiness, (emva koko idluliselwe kubathengi,) ngeendleko zamafama. Ezi nzuzo zifihliweyo zoshishino lwezolimo zimalunga namaxesha ka-8 amakhulu kunenkxaso-mali yomfama ebonakalayo, ngeyunithi nganye (oko kukuthi ngebhekile yombona, iponti yomqhaphu, okanye igaloni yobisi).
Ungawathethelela njani uMthetho oYilwayo waseFama
Imigaqo-nkqubo efunekayo yokujongana neengxaki zexabiso eliphantsi yiMigangatho yeXabiso kunye nokuNcitshiswa kweNtengiso (njengoko kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa ukubonelela kunye nemfuno). Oku kufunyanwa โkuMthetho weeFama zoSapho woManyano lweFama yoSapho lweSizwe, kunye nomthetho oyilwayo wobisi weNFFC, SB 1640.4 IManyano yamaFama kaZwelonke inesinye isindululo, โiNkqubo yeZinto eziqhutywa ngeMakethi.โ Ngokumema uhlengahlengiso nje lwenkxaso-mali, ukunciphisa imbuyekezo kumaxhoba, kunye nokubiza kungabikho migaqo-nkqubo neenkqubo zolawulo lwemarike (oko kukuthi. Imigangatho yexabiso), โuhlaziyo lwenkxaso-maliโ abathetheleli baye baxhasa abaxhaphazi (abathengi boshishino lwezolimo kunye nabaxhamli boshishino lwezolimo olungathanga ngqo, abanjalo. njengabo bathengisa amagalelo [okt. izitshabalalisi, oomatshini, izichumisi,] kumafama,) ngokuchasene namaxhoba (amafama).
Iintsomi Ziye Zabhengezwa xa uMthetho osaYilwayo weFama OFIHLEKILEYO wenziwa UBONAKALE
Okunxulumene nako konke oku luluhlu lweentsomi, eziye zachithwa xa uMthetho oYilwayo weFama OFIHLEKILEYO wenziwa UBONAKALE. Ezinye zezi zilungiswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
OKUBONAKALAYO Inkcitho yeBhili yeFama yinxalenye encinci yetyala lefama. UMthetho osaYilwayo weFama OFIHLEKILEYO mkhulu.
Isihloko soMrhwebi ngokuchanekileyo sibonwa sikhulu kuneSiqulatho seSondlo, xa idatha yeBhili yeFama EFIHLEKILEYO yenziwe YABONAKALA.
Ifama ibe nkulu, kokukhona iNciphiso EFIHLEKILEYO, kwaye iphinda ibe nkulu iNciphiso yoMnatha (Unciphiso OLUFIHLEKILEYO + Inkxaso-mali EBONAKALAYO).
I-Iowa inokunciphisa okukhulu kwe-HIDDEN kunokuba, umzekelo, eCalifornia okanye eTexas, kunye nokunciphisa okukhudlwana, njengoko kuchaziwe #3.
Umbona unokunciphisa okukhulu kwe-HIDDEN, kunye nokunciphisa i-net, ngoko ke umbona, (njenge-Iowa,) "ngoyena ulahlekileyo" kwiBhili yeFama. Umbona โlihlwempu,โ hayi โuKumkani.โ
Umbona kunye neembotyi zesoya zibonelela ngezithako eziphambili zokutya okungenamsoco kunye nokutya kwimizi-mveliso yezilwanyana, ngoko ke zibonelela ngenkxaso-mali yazo. Oku kubangelwa nguMthetho osaYilwayo weFama OFIHLEKILEYO, hayi ngeeNkxaso-mali zaseFama. Esona sixa-mali sokwenyani seenzuzo abazifumanayo sikhulu kunezixa-mali ezikumabango obuxoki abathetheleli benkxaso-mali.
Kuyo yonke le nto, ukuxhasa uhlaziyo lwenkxaso-mali yalo naluphi na uhlobo (i-caps/imida, ukupheliswa, i-green subsidies,) ngaphandle kokuthethelelwa ngomgangatho owaneleyo wamaXabiso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ehambelanayo, kukuxhasa ukuxhaphazwa koshishino lwezolimo kunye namaxhoba (amafama e-US kunye kwihlabathi jikelele), AKUCHASANI noshishino lwezolimo kunye namafama.
Uhlaziyo nje lwenkxaso-mali, ke ngoko, alulunganga kwiinkxalabo zempilo, okusingqongileyo, intlalo-ntle yezilwanyana, ingxaki yentlupheko yokutya yehlabathi, ubulungisa kwiifama kunye nobulungisa bokutya.
Ukubona uMthetho oYilwayo weFama OFIHLEKILEYO: Idatha
UMthetho osaYilwayo weFama oBONAKALAYO yincam nje ye-iceberg, njengoko ezi tshathi zedatha zibonisa ngokucacileyo. Ibonakala phezu kwamanzi, umzekelo njengeNgxowa-mali yeMveliso yaseFama eyenza i-ADD TO ingeniso yasefama. OKUFIHLEKILEYO ngaphantsi kwamanzi nguMthetho oSayilwayo weFama omkhulu ngakumbi othi UTHATHE ingeniso yefama. INkongolo yehlise imigangatho yexabiso engancediswayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye yazisusa (& nolawulo lonikezelo) kwibhili yeFama ka-1996. Kubalulekile ukuba abeendaba kunye namatsha ntliziyo bawubone wonke umthetho oyilwayo wasefama, kwaye bakhuthaze uhlaziyo lokwenyani, ngaloo ndlela. Ngekhonkco elingezantsi ungabona ubuninzi bedatha evela kuMthetho osaYilwayo weFama OFIHLEKILEYO, oboniswe kwiitshathi zesishwankathelo.
UKWENZA UKUBA UBONAKALE UMTHETHO OYILWAYO WEFama EFIHLEKILEYO. Bona izilayidi zedatha apha: http://www.slideshare.net/bradwilson581525/presentations
Ezi ziseti eziphambili zeetshathi zedatha eziye zathunyelwa kuqala kwi-albhamu yam yeefoto ze-zspace (njengoko kuguqulelo lwangaphambili lwale bhulogi).
โI-Fidden Farm Bill Pieโ (inkcitho xa ithelekiswa nolawulo lwemarike EZIFIHLEKILEYO, njengokuthi iSitayitela seMpahla yoRhwebo sikhulu kuneSitayitela seSondlo)
"UMthetho oYilwayo weFama efihliweyo: Ukubhengezwa kweentsomi ezi-3" (ezinkulu vs iifama ezincinci, i-Iowa vs California, umbona kunye neembotyi zeSoya)
"Izilayidi zeNgxaki yobisi"
โXa amatyala eFama ayenengeniso!โ
โIzilayidi zeBhili yeFamaโ
โItyala leFama izilayidi 2โ
Ngoku ndiyazithumela kwisilayidi njengoko ndifumana ixesha. Bona i ikhonkco lesilayidi ngasentla.
Ungazibona nakwiividiyo endizithumela kuYouTube. Nantsi ke yamva nje, ishwankathela umba wonke, (kwaye NDIYAXOLISA UKUBA NDIBETHE ISANDI KAKHULU!!!!):
Apha: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQkeDza3bM0&list=PLA1E706EFA90D1767&index=1).
Apha ngezantsi kukho ikhonkco eliqhelekileyo kweyam โIBhili yeFama kunye neBhili yoKutyaโ uluhlu lokudlalayo, apho unokubona khona kwam "Uphononongo lweefilimu zokutya" kunye namacandelo amabini "uMichael Pollan Rebuttal," (inxenye ye1, inxenye ye2) ebonisa indlela yokulungisa inkxaso ephosakeleyo kaPollan kushishino lwezolimo (awayengazimiselanga ukuyenza).
(https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA1E706EFA90D1767)
Ividiyo yam, โIngxaki yobisi kunye noMthetho osaYilwayo waseFama ka-2012,โ kweyam "Ingxaki yobisi" uluhlu lokudlalayo, iqala apha: (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9AB172F046C852C2).
Ucaphulo
1. UBrad Wilson, โuMthetho oYilwayo weFama oFihlekileyo,โ iSlideShare, 8/13/14, (http://www.slideshare.net/bradwilson581525/the-hidden-farm-bill-37959389).
2. Idatha yoMgangatho weXabiso inokufunyanwa kwiintlelo ezindala ezahlukeneyo zeNASS yoNyaka, โIiNkcukacha zoLimo,โ nakwezinye iindawo. Imigangatho yeXabiso yayikwabizwa ngokuba "yiNqanaba leMali-mboleko" kude kube ngu-1996 xa elo gama lingasabhekiseli kuMgangatho weXabiso. (Nxibelelana nam ukuba uzimisele ngokufumana idatha.) (Apha: http://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Ag_Statistics/). Ingeniso yefama yezityalo ezahlukeneyo ivela kwixabiso x imveliso. Owona mthombo wedatha waloo nto yi "Ingxelo yeMbali yeMbali: Imveliso yezityalo," Apha
(http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1593).
3. Uvimba weDatha weNkxaso yeFama, iQela eliSebenzayo lokusiNgqongileyo, http://farm.ewg.org/region.php?fips=00000. Ngaphandle kweDatha yeBhili yeFama EFIHLEKILEYO, idatha ye-EWG kunye nohlalutyo luyalahlekisa, kwaye (ngokungazi) lubuyisela umva ubhengezo, NGOKUXHAPHAZELA koshishino lwezolimo, kunye NOKUCHASANA nobulungisa, okusingqongileyo, impilo, njl.njl. I-USDA ithumela ezinye iintlobo zedatha kwiinkxaso zangaphambili kwi-intanethi, kuquka izibonelelo. kwisityalo ngasinye, ngamanye amaxesha, nangona iyahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokomzekelo, bona i-Agriculture Fact Book 1994, iTheyibhile A-3, โDirect Government Payments, by program, 1950-1992.โ (Oku kwakukhe kwaba kwi-intanethi, kwaye ndiye ndabacela ukuba bayibuyisele.) Le datha yayikwi-intanethi kuguqulelo oluhlaziyiweyo. Ngo-1995 indlela ye-USDA yokubonisa idatha yatshintsha. Indlela yokubonisa yatshintshwa yazizityalo zamaqela kunye ngohlobo lwenkxaso-mali (zonke โIiNtlawulo ze-Countercyclical,โ โIiNtlawulo eziNgqo,โ njl.njl.) kwaye zingabonisi zonke iintlobo zenkxaso yesityalo ngasinye. Ngoko ke yiya kwi-EWG ukuze ufumane idatha yezityalo ezizimeleyo kule minyaka yamva (emva ko-1995). Nanku omnye umthombo wedatha yazo zonke iinkxaso zerayisi kunye nazo zonke iMigangatho yeXabiso lerayisi (http://hsus.cambridge.org/HSUSWeb/toc/showTable.do?id=Da1357-1476). Kwimigangatho yexabiso (ebizwa ngokuba ngamaxabiso mboleko,) khumbula ukuba "Ixabiso leMali-mboleko" alizange lisebenze njengomgangatho wexabiso emva kwe-1995. โBona amalungiselelo enkqubo yorhwebo eKhethiweyo-umbona, ingqolowa, irayisi, kunye nomqhaphu onyukayo: 1933-1999.โ Ukufumana idatha yenkxaso-mali jonga apho: "Inkqubo yemveliso ethe ngqo kunye nezinye iintlawulo, ngempahla okanye injongo: 1933-1999." Kwakhona, kwidatha yasimahla bona imithombo engentla, okanye uqhagamshelane nam.
4. โIPhepha leNgcaciso: Izindululo zoBulungisa baseFama kuMthetho osaYilwayo waseFama ka-2012,โ https://znetwork.org/fact-sheet-farm-justice-proposals-for-the-2012-farm-bill-by-brad-wilson, (kwaye ubone amakhonkco amaninzi apho).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela