E
iicommiists
UAshok Bardhan kunye noCynthia Kroll weYunivesithi yaseCalifornia
eBerkeley baqikelela ukuba ngoJulayi 2003 phakathi kwama-25,000 nama-30,000
Izikhundla ze-IT (iteknoloji yolwazi) zanikezelwa eIndiya.
Ngokutsho kweBureau of Vital Statistics, ukususela ngo-2001 โngaphezulu
abantu abangaphezu kwama-500,000 kubuchwephesha be-IT eUnited States banayo
baphelelwa ngumsebenzi.โ Iwebhusayithi ye-syndicated kuzwelonke
inkqubo yoshishino "Lou Dobbs Tonight" dwelisa phezu 300 outsourcing
Iinkampani zase-US.
ezi
amanani asisiqalo nje. Uphononongo lwama-400 lwesizwe
Iinkampani eziphezulu ezili-1,000 2006 zagqiba kwelokuba ngowama-35, phakathi kwama-45 nama-XNUMX ekhulwini
yemisebenzi yangoku ye-IT yexesha elizeleyo iya kuthunyelwa phesheya kolwandle. Ukusebenzisa iBureau
yedatha yeStatistics yezaBasebenzi, uBardhan kunye noKroll baqikelela ukuba le
phantse 128 million abasebenzi e-US, 11 ekhulwini-okanye nje
abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-14โbasemngciphekweni wokufumana imisebenzi
ngaphandle.
IT
izikhundla ziya kulandela izigidi zemisebenzi yokuvelisa esele ikho
ilahlekile, kuphela ngesantya esikhawulezayo. Njengoko uMateyu Slaughter of Dartmouth
Ikholeji ithi, "Umsebenzi we-IT uya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kuba kulula
ukuthumela umsebenzi kwiintambo zefowuni kunye nokubeka abacebisi kwiinqwelomoya
kunokuthumela imathiriyeli enkulu ekrwada ukunqumla imida kunye nokwakha
iifektri.โ
Ngokuphawulekayo
iindleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi zezona zizathu ziphambili zale mfuduko yomsebenzi.
Ngelixa abaqhubi beefowuni e-US bafumana umyinge we-12.57 yeedola
iyure, in India benza ngaphantsi kwe $1.00 Payroll oomabhalane bathathe
ekhaya ngaphantsi kwe $2.00 ngeyure ngelixa abalingane babo e-US
avareji $15.17 ngeyure.
Iveki yo shishino
ingxelo, โKungekudala,
ababhali-mali abangaphesheya kolwandle banokwenza yonke into ngaphandle kophicotho-zincwadi olukwisiza. โ
Intlawulo yezonyango inokuba ludidi lokuqala lomsebenzi kubo bonke
kodwa shwaka.
ezinye
abameli bokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle bathi ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi phesheya kolwandle yindlela
yokwabiwa ngokutsha kobutyebi ukusuka kumazwe atyebileyo ukuya kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo, indlela enamandla
ukudala umgangatho ophakathi osekelwe kwidemokhrasi kumazwe asakhasayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ubunyani bemeko buphikisa "ubuhle" obunjalo.
iinjongo. Phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1970 ukuya ekupheleni koo-1990, i-CEO kubasebenzi
ireyishini yemivuzo kumashishini aphezulu ali-100 esizwe anyukile
ukusuka ku-47 ukuya ku-1, ukuya kutsho malunga ne-1,000 ukuya kwi-1.
Intoni
kuya kwenzeka kubasebenzi base-US abazinikele ekunikezelweni kwangaphandle? Umsebenzi- ukusika
Iinkampani zixoxa ukuba abasebenzi abagxothiweyo baya kufumana umsebenzi
kwiliza elilandelayo lophuhliso loqoqosho. Babanga ukuba kanye njengoko
ezolimo zathatyathelw' indawo yimveliso, nto leyo eyathi yanikezela
indlela eya kwinguqu yolwazi lwekhompyuter, inkampani yanamhlanje
abonzakeleyo baya kufumana umsebenzi kwinqanaba elizayo lezoqoqosho
ukuqhubela phambili.
Ngelishwa,
akucaci ukuba siya kuba yintoni isigaba sezoqoqosho esilandelayo kwaye
xa iya kwenzeka. Iingcali ezimbalwa zilindele ukuveliswa kwezinto
ishishini "white knight" ukugcina imini. Ukuba kunjalo
Ishishini liba yinyani, ixesha elingakanani phambi kwezikhundla ezitsha ezenziweyo
zithunyelwa ngaphandle, umjikelo uyaziphinda? Idatha ibonisa ukuba
xa abantu betshintsha imisebenzi ngenxa yokhuphiswano lwehlabathi, yabo
Imivuzo idla ngokuhla, ubuncinci ekuqaleni. Kwabaninzi kakhulu abaphuma ngaphandle
abasebenzi, โuqeqesho kwakhonaโ kwingqesho yexesha elizayo iya kuba a
umbandela olula wokufunda ukuthi, โNgaba ungathanda ukugqwesa
lomyalelo?"
Bardhan
kunye noKroll baqikelela ukuba ukusinda kwimisebenzi yangaphandle
bajongene โnohlengahlengiso oluhlayo lomvuzo kunye nemivuzoโ
kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kwakhona. Kule meko, i
Ishishini lasekhaya le-IT liya kubuyela umva, kodwa ngelahleko enkulu
amandla okuthenga abasebenzi.
omnye
kuneenkampani ezithengisayo, ekuphela kwecandelo loqoqosho elixhamlayo
ukusuka kwinqwelomoya yomsebenzi yimibutho edibanisa iinkampani ezithumela ngaphandle
kubasebenzi baphesheya. Enye yezo nkonzo ibonelela โngokunikezela nge-intanethi
ixabiso quoteโ ifomula yokuba yimalini eya kugcinwa njenge
isiphumo sokutshintshelwa komsebenzi. โNjengoko ihlabathi lisiya lixinana
isibhengezo sabo sifundeka ngolu hlobo, โmusa ukunyathelwa.โ
Masi "sikuncede uhambe ngokufanelekileyo kulo mda mtsha."
The
Iziphumo zokukhutshelwa ngaphandle ziyamangalisa hayi kuphela umntu ngamnye
abazikhundla zabo ziphelisiwe, kodwa nakuluntu olukhulu.
Ukungaqeshwa kunye โnokungasebenzi kakuhleโ (ukusebenza ngaphantsi komntu
inqanaba lesakhono noqeqesho) liya kuba negalelo ekucuthekeni kwerhafu
isiseko, njengesixeko esele sinomthwalo wemali, idolophu, kunye noorhulumente bamazwe
ukunciphisa abasebenzi abongezelelweyo kunye neenkonzo. Kwisizwe apho 15
ipesenti yabemi abanalo unyango, elo nani linakho
ukwanda kuphela njengoko abantu abaninzi bekhusela i-inshurensi yezempilo nge-inshurensi yabo
ingqesho. Imbalwa imisebenzi ehlawula kakuhle eya kufumaneka kwiikholeji
kunye nezikolo zobugcisa abanezidanga njengolwakhiwo lwamathuba oluntu
iyancipha.
Ubuchwephese obuphezulu
izixeko ezinje ngeNew York, iBoston, iSan Jose, neSan Francisco
ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngabalahlekileyo abakhulu, ngelixa iindawo zasemaphandleni zikhubazekile
ilahleko yeefama zeentsapho zinethuba elincinane lokuphucula uqoqosho.
Iindawo zasedolophini ezinesiseko sengqesho semisebenzi โye-ofisi yangasemvaโ
(abasebenzi benkonzo yabathengi kunye nabakhupheli bezonyango, umzekelo)
banokulindela ukubona amandla abo okusebenza ehla.
Intoni
Amathuba okukhangela le mfuduko yengqesho? Ngelixa imveliso
imisebenzi yayishiya ngobuninzi, ubulungu bombutho kunye namandla ehla
ngokuthe ngcembe. Akukho sizathu sokukholelwa ukuba abasebenzi bekhola emhlophe,
uninzi lwabo lunembali encinci xa ludibene
umbutho, uya kudala intshukumo esebenzayo yokunqanda lo mkhwa.
Ukongeza, inkampani yaseMelika kunye namahlakani ayo agcinayo
ide yafeketha ngempumelelo imanyano yabasebenzi, idibanisa umanyano lwabasebenzi kuloo nto
eyona nkqubo โimbiโ yezoqoqoshoโubusoshiyali. Unobhala
weMfundo uRod Paige ubhekiselele kuMbutho wezeMfundo weSizwe,
omnye wemibutho emikhulu yootitshala yelizwe, โnjengomnqolobi
umbutho.โ Kuxoliso olubi olutyhile uPaige's
iimvakalelo kwimibutho yabasebenzi, uPaige uthe wayenjalo
ebhekisa kumanyano, hayi ootitshala.
At
kwinqanaba likazwelonke, akukho Republican okanye Democrats ubonise
naluphi na utyekelo lokujongana nale ngxaki. Omabini amaqela angaphezulu
okanye uzinikele kancinci โkwi-economic globalizationโ kunye nomsebenzi
ukukhutshwa komsebenzi ngumba omnye kuphela wale nto.
Mhlawumbi
ukukhutshwa kwemisebenzi ukusuka kumazwe atyebileyo ukuya kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo akunakuphepheka.
Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo kwabo balahlekileyo nabafumanayo
iziphelo azikho. Ngolunye uqikelelo, iinkampani zase-US ziya konga i-11 yeebhiliyoni zeedola
ngo-2004 ngokuthunyelwa kwe-Indiya kuphela. Inxalenye yaloo mali idityanisiwe
ngeenzuzo ezinkulu zeshishini ziya kuhamba indlela ende ukuya kwixesha elide
intswela-ngqesho kunye neenzuzo zempilo kwakunye nokudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi ukuze kuthunyelwe abantu bangaphandle
amaxhoba. Congressperson Tom Lantos of California uxoxa ukuba
Injongo yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kufuneka ibe kukwandiswa kweenzuzo ze
abasebenzi kumazwe aphuhlileyo nasakhasayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwi
"idemokhrasi" yenkampani efana ne-United States, apho
lincinci ithuba lokuphumeza loo njongo.
UGeorge Bryjak
ngunjingalwazi wenzululwazi ngentlalontle kwiYunivesithi yaseSan Diego.