W
inkukhu
Amajoni aseDominican awela kwiCodevi Free Trade Zone yaseHaiti
ngoJuni, yayingesosihlandlo sokuqala ukuba imikhosi ihlasele umzi-mveliso waseHaiti
abasebenzi apho. Ekubeni i-US-backed coup yabhukuqa iHaiti
urhulumente ngoFebruwari, ulawulo e Grupo M, a Dominican-owned
subcontractor for Levi Strauss, uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo sicced amajoni of
Imvelaphi yaseHaiti kunye / okanye yaseDominican kubaxhasi bomanyano kwisityalo.
UJannick
UEtienne, umququzeleli womanyano eHaiti, uthi uOuanaminthe in
i-Codevi Free Trade Zone (FTZ) ikude kanye neziko
kubomi bezopolitiko baseHaiti kwaye kusembindini weziganeko zamva nje.
Lo mmandla awukho kwikomkhulu lasePort-au-Prince
ngeekhilomitha zeendlela ezimbi kunye nomhlaba onzima. Kwangaxeshanye, uEtienne
ithi, iOuanaminthe kulapho amajoni abizwa ngokuba “ngabavukeli”
iphinde yangena eHaiti ngoFebruwari phambi kobhukuqo-mbuso lwakutsha nje.
ezi
"Abavukeli" ngokwenene ngumkhosi oxhaswa ngemali yi-US, njenge
contras of Nicaragua, kwaye uninzi lwabo ngamagqala angaphambili axhaswa yi-US
Ubhukuqo-mbuso kunye nonyanzeliso lwegazi olusukela emva koyise nonyana uDuvalier
ulawulo lobuzwilakhe (1956-1987). Uninzi lwabo lwaluvalelwe
iDominican Republic kulandela izityholo zokubulala iinkokeli zabo
enxulumene nobhukuqo-mbuso lwangaphambili ngowe-1991
wakhulula nabanye entolongweni njengoko babetyhutyha abantu baseHaiti
emaphandleni ukuya kwikomkhulu.
Deja
Vu
W
ithin
iintsuku ezimbini zobhukuqo-mbuso luka-2004, abasebenzi beGrupo M babonisa e
Umkhosi waseHaiti wafumana “abavukeli” edolophini. Nini
amajoni afika eOuanaminthe ngoMatshi 2, ngoko nangoko
babetha, babagrogrisa, baza bababopha izandla abasebenzi ngaphambi kokuba babanyanzele
babuyele emsebenzini (ngaphandle kwama-34 emibutho yabasebenzi ababenayo
sele egxothiwe). Abasebenzi bebeqhanqalazela into engekho semthethweni
ukugxothwa kwaba basebenzi abangama-34 kumsebenzi weemanyano, xa abaphathi
wababiza “abavukeli” edolophini.
yezizwe ngezizwe
amaqela omanyano ancedise ukunyanzela ukuba kulungiswe inxenye nabasebenzi
kwinyanga ezayo okanye kunjalo, kodwa abaphathi baqhubekile ukuhlukumeza
abasebenzi. Ngoku, emva kokubethwa, ukuxhwilwa, ukusongelwa, nokunyanzelwa
ukwamkela "ugonyo" olungaqondakaliyo, bonke abasebenzi beGrupo M
batshixelwe ngaphandle kweplanti, abanamsebenzi ngaphandle kwezibonelelo zokungaphangeli,
njengoko amaqela abulalayo aseHaiti ezulazula kule ndawo. Abaphathi bathi banako
vala iGrupo M. Abasebenzi bathi abaphathi basichithile isivumelwano sabo
kunye nabasebenzi ngaphambi kokuba i-inki yome.
Working
iimeko zaseHaiti zazisele zimbi. Kwisizwe esimalunga
8 yezigidi, inani lemisebenzi esisigxina esisigxina eHaiti kuqikelelwa
malunga ne-100,000. Ngalo naliphi na ixesha, malunga nama-70 ekhulwini abemi baseHaiti
abantu abaphangeli. Umvuzo omncinci, intsomi ekhohlakeleyo kubantu abaninzi baseHaiti
abasebenzi nangona umthetho, kuthiwa hover malunga nesinye kwisithathu
iindleko zokuphila.
ukusukela
ubhukuqo-mbuso ekupheleni kukaFebruwari, imeko iye yaba mandundu. Umbutho
ubundlobongela obujoliswe kubasebenzi baseGrupo M buphantse ukuba ngumzekelo
kuqeqesho lwabasebenzi. Ngokutsho kombutho womanyano waseHaiti
I-Batay Ouvriye (Umzabalazo waBasebenzi), abaninimzi-mveliso kunye nabanini-mhlaba abakhulu
(“abazukulwana” eHaiti) baye babiza imikhosi
ukucinezela abasebenzi basefektri abakhathazekileyo, abanini-zabelo, kunye nabasebenzi basezifama.
Abanye abaninzi, abangakhange bajolise ngqo kwizigebenga ezixhobileyo,
boyika amaqhinga akhohlakeleyo emikhosi exhaswa yi-US,
elidlulileyo nelangoku.
“IFRAPH
[Umphambili Wenkqubela Nenkqubela YaseHaiti] ubuyile,” watsho njalo
imikhosi "yemvukelo", njengoko urhulumente onyuliweyo wawa, ebhekisa
kumaqela abulalayo aziwa ngokuba yi-US awayeqhubekile
imibutho yabasebenzi kunye nezinye iinkqubela phambili eziphantsi komhlaba ngo-1991-1994
igazi. Ukubonisa nje ukuba bathetha ishishini, xa amajoni athatha
EPort-au-Prince ngoFebruwari, bavalela iqela likaMongameli owagxothwayo
Abalandeli baka-Aristide kwisingxobo sokuthumela kwaye banike iingcebiso
elwandle. Ukuthula kubaxhasi babo base-US malunga nesi siganeko
kwaye abanye baye bavala iindlebe.
umntu
IKoloni yoNcedo
C
imfumba
abasebenzi bekusoloko kusentliziyweni yobudlelwane base-US-Haiti, njalo
ukusukela kwimvukelo yaseHaiti ngo-1804. Yayiyimvukelo yamakhoboka.
eyokuqala nesekuphela kwayo ephumeleleyo kwimbali yanamhlanje. I
I-US yaxhasa ubukoloniyali baseFransi njengoko uqoqosho lwase-US lwalusekelwe
ebukhobokeni ngelo xesha yaye iHaiti yayimela eyokuqala “eyingozi
umzekelo.”
An
kwalandela ixesha lonxibelelwano ngezikhephe zemipu, apho eyona koloni ityebileyo kuyo
ihlabathi lathotywa ngokwezomkhosi kubukhoboka bamatyala. I-US ithumele
iinqanawa kumanzi aseHaiti ngaphezu kwamaxesha angama-20 ngaphambi kokuba zihlale
ilizwe ukususela ngowe-1915-1934. Ngexesha le-US Marines
Ukusuka eHaiti, babulala abavukeli abangama-20,000, babhala kwakhona
Umgaqo-siseko waseHaiti, kwaye waseka iHaiti njengendawo yase-US.
Ilandelelana
Oozwilakhe abaxhaswa yi-US banyanzelise ukuthotyelwa kwezoqoqosho,
ukuqala ngoo-1960, kuqukwa neendawo zokudibaniso zamazwe angaphandle,
okanye i-maquiladoras, eso sibhambathiso samashishini amakhulu afana neDisney,
Ekujoliswe kuko, iWal-Mart, iSears, iKohl, iGAP, kunye noLevi Strauss. I
ukuthandwa kakhulu konyuliweyo wokuqala waseHaiti ngokwedemokhrasi
umongameli, uJean Bertrand Aristide, owayesakuba ngumfundisi ongumKatolika
ikakhulu ngokusekelwe kumngeni wakhe kolu ncedo: ucebise
inkqubo yohlaziyo equka phantse ukuphinda kabini ubuncinci baseHaiti
umvuzo.
le
Inkqubo yohlaziyo ikwaye yabangela ukuba uAristide agwetywe
yomdla wamashishini ase-US, i-Arhente yase-US yoPhuhliso lwaMazwe ngaMazwe
(USAID), kunye nolawulo lwase-US phantsi kooMongameli uGeorge HW
Bush kunye noWilliam J. Clinton. Ulawulo lukaBush lwayixhasa
Ngo-1991 ubhukuqo olwabhukuqa uAristide kunye nolawulo lukaClinton
waxhathisa uxinzelelo olumangalisayo lwamazwe ngamazwe, wala ukubuya uAristide
ukuya eHaiti de inkokeli echithiweyo yavuma ukuyeka kakhulu
iqonga lenguqu elamenza wanyulwa. Omnye weminyinyiva
I-US yayifuna ukusekwa “kwemimandla yorhwebo olukhululekileyo,”
njengeCodevi FTZ, apho abasebenzi baya kuba sesichengeni ngakumbi
kwintshabalalo yabatyali-zimali bamashishini.
Nceda
Ngokuchasene neHydra
D
ngaphandle
imikhosi emikhulu ilwa nabo, abasebenzi beGrupo M bangaphakathi
isikhundla esisodwa sokubiza umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Levi Strauss
inoMgaqo wokuZiphatha ofuna ukuba ookontraka abaphantsi kwayo bayihloniphe
amalungelo abasebenzi, amkelwe ngenxa ye-anti-sweatshop
intshukumo yee-1990s. Umzi-mveliso wakwaGrupo M wakhiwe nge
Imali-mboleko yezigidi ezi-2 zeerandi kwiBhanki yeHlabathi ngo-2003, ixhomekeke kwintlonipho
kwilungelo labasebenzi lokuququzelela umanyano. Amalungelo omanyano
Ulungiselelo lwaba sisiphumo sephulo langaphambili eliququzelelwe nguBatay
Ouvriye, apho iimanyano zabasebenzi beGrupo M zidibene.
Ngoko ke,
xa imikhosi yaqala ukubetha abasebenzi baseGrupo M, umbutho
icele amahlakani ezizwe ngezizwe ukuba akhumbuze uLevi Strauss kunye neHlabathi
Ibhanki yezibophelelo zabo. Umnxeba uphume ngomanyano
amaqela ukusuka eParis ukuya eLondon ukuya eNew York, kunye nokudlula ezininzi
iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zeemanyano ezinikezelwe kwi-intanethi. Amawakawaka
abaxhasi babhala iileta kwiiofisi zeshishini, bafowunela abameli,
kwaye bapasisa izigqibo kwimibutho yabo yasekuhlaleni. Xa ulawulo kwi
UGrupo M ekugqibeleni wavuma ukubuyisela abasebenzi abagxothiweyo, umbhiyozo
kwabikwa ukuba uyahlekisa.
kodwa
emva kokuba isivumelwano sisayinwe kwaye uxinzelelo luphelile, uGrupo M wabhengeza
ukuba abasebenzi abagxothiweyo kufuneka beze entlanganisweni kwiiveki ezintathu endaweni yoko
yokubuyela emsebenzini kwangoko. Bathumela ummeli ukuba amkele
iimfuno zomanyano, ababesele benazo. Emva koko badibana
kunye nabasebenzi beGrupo M, kodwa wala ukubandakanya iBatay Ouvriye
umthunywa.
Conditions
kwiplanti ngeli xesha nayo ithathe ijika ibe mandundu.
Abaphathi bagrogrisa abasebenzi, batshintsha imithetho yokusebenza, baza baqalisa ukutofa
"Ngogonyo" olungachazwanga, abasebenzi
kwakusoyikwa ukuvala inzala. Abafazi abalithoba baye baphunyelwa zizisu kubomi babo
kwikota yesithathu yokukhulelwa emva kweenaliti.
On
Ngomhla wesi-2 kuJuni, xa ummeli wabaphathi engazange abonakale
ngenxa yentlanganiso ecetyiweyo, nakuba wabonwa esakhiweni.
abasebenzi bavotele ugwayimbo. Ngentsasa elandelayo, wonke umsebenzi weGrupo M
waphuma emsebenzini. Abaphathi babexambulisana, befuna ukudibana
kunye nabameli bomanyano abazikhethele ngokwabo (ukwaphulwa kweHaiti
umthetho), egxininisa kuluhlu lwamalungu emibutho yabasebenzi (nakhona engekho mthethweni), kwaye ekugqibeleni
isoyikisa ngokuvala isityalo.
Ngexesha
ugwayimbo, abaphathi beplanti nabo babize abafazi abane ngaphakathi, apho
oonogada baseDominican abaxhobileyo babakhulula iihempe zabo zokusebenza neebheji
wababuza. Xa abaqhankqalazi ngaphandle baqalisa ukukhwaza
ukukhululwa kwabo, abafazi bavunyelwa ukuba banxibe ngokwabo, kodwa
kungekudala ilori yamajoni aseDominican amisa ajolisa kuwo
izixhobo kubasebenzi. Abasebenzi bathi aba nogada babethe nomntu wasetyhini
owayeneenyanga ezine ekhulelwe waza wamphosa equleni lodaka.
The
Ukuhamba kwaqhubeka de kwangoJuni 8, xa abaphathi bavuma ukuthetha-thethana
kunye nombutho kunye nabasebenzi bavumelana ngokubuyela emsebenzini. Nangona kunjalo,
xa abasebenzi bafika kwiplanti ngentsasa elandelayo nge-5:30 AM,
bafumanisa ukuba uGrupo M ubatshixe ngaphandle.
Kunjalo
abasebenzi abakhange bancame. Baqhubeka bebonisa kwaye
ukubhenela kwiSebe Lezabasebenzi laseHaiti. U-Batay Ouvriye uye wafowuna
"kubo bonke abasebenzi kunye nabaqhubela phambili" ukumanyana ngokuchasene
"Ihlabathi lamazwe ngamazwe lanamhlanje." Ngoku
abasebenzi bacela abaxhasi abavela kwihlabathi liphela ukuba bafune
inyathelo elivela kuLevi Strauss kunye neBhanki yehlabathi (www.haitisupport.gn.apc.org).
"Thina
ndingathanda ukukhuthaza abantu baseUnited States ukuba bahlale
uxhalabile ngoko kwenzeka eHaiti,” utsho uJannick Etienne.
“Ayinakuthatyathwa ngamajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo, okanye nangabanye
amajelo eendaba abeka umdla othile wezopolitiko ngaphezu koko kwenzekayo
kwinginginya edumileyo mihla le. Sinethemba lokuba baya kuqhubeka
ukulandela iziganeko, qhagamshelana nathi kwaye ulwe nathi njengoko
ziyakwazi ukwenza izinto esizithandayo.”
Ricky
U-Baldwin ngumlweli wabasebenzi kunye nochasene nemfazwe obhala rhoqo
Imagazini yeZ, iiDola kunye neSense,
kwaye
laboratory
amaNqaku
.
