UChavez onyulwe ngedemokhrasi waseVenezuela ujongene nesona sisongelo sinzima ukusukela ngoAprili 11, 2002.
Uqhanqalazo olunobundlobongela ezitalatweni lwabafundi baseyunivesithi abakumgangatho ophakathi nabaphezulu lukhokelele kumadabi amakhulu ezitalatweni kumbindi weCaracas. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, owayesakuba nguMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, uGeneral Raul Isaias Baduel, oye warhoxa ngoJulayi, uye wenza umnxeba ocacileyo wokuba kubhukuqelwe umkhosi kwinkomfa yabezindaba ye-5 kaNovemba awayeyibizele ngokukhethekileyo amajelo eendaba alungileyo kunye nasekunene kunye namaqela ezopolitiko. ngelixa ebetha ukuma njengomntu 'omnye' ophikisayo.
Imithombo yeendaba yamazwe ngamazwe neyasekhaya yabucala iye yadlala iintetho zika-Baduel, iinkomfa zabezindaba kunye neengxelo ezenziweyo zabafundi abachasayo, bezibonisa njengoqhanqalazo olunoxolo lwamalungelo edemokhrasi ngokuchasene nereferendamu karhulumente ecwangciselwe uDisemba 2, 2007.
I-New York Times, i-Wall Street Journal, i-BBC News kunye ne-Washington Post baye bakhuthaza abafundi babo iminyaka ngeminyaka ngamabali kaMongameli uChavez 'ugunyabantu'. Ejongene nohlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko olomeleza amathuba okufikelela kude kwedemokhrasi yezopolitiko kwezentlalo, i-US, amajelo eendaba aseYurophu naseLatin America akhuphe amagosa omkhosi awayesakuba ngamagosa omkhosi 'njengabachasi ngokwedemokhrasi', ababesakuba ngabaxhasi bakaChavez baphoxekile ngokubhenela kwakhe 'kulawulo lobuzwilakhe. ' amagunya ukuya kuthi ga kwivoti ye-2 kaDisemba, ka-2007 kwireferendamu yohlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko. Akukho nalinye iphepha-ndaba elikhulu elikhe lakhankanya undoqo wedemokhrasi yohlaziyo olucetywayo - ukusasazwa kwenkcitho karhulumente kunye nesigqibo kumabhunga asekuhlaleni kunye namabhunga oluntu. Kwakhona njengaseChile ngo-1973, amajelo eendaba ase-US abandakanyeka kwiinzame zokutshabalalisa idemokhrasi yaseLatin America.
Nditsho namacandelo oshicilelo olusembindini wasekhohlo kunye namaqela aseLatin America aphinde avelisa ipropaganda yasekunene. NgoNovemba i-self-styled 'leftist' yaseMexico yemihla ngemihla ye-La Jornada isihloko sifundeka 'Abalawuli kunye nabafundi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseVenezuela yaseVenezuela (UCV) batyhola uChavez ngokuKhuthaza uBundlobongela'. Eli nqaku laphinda laphinda amaqithiqithi alungileyo malunga nolonyulo, ekucingelwa ukuba lubonisa izilungiso zomgaqo-siseko ezijongene nokoyiswa.
Urhulumente wase-United States, i-Republican White House kunye neNkongolo elawulwa yiDemokhrasi baphinde baxhasa ngokuphandle ilinge elitsha lokukhupha uMongameli Chavez odumileyo kunye nokoyisa uhlengahlengiso olunenkqubela-phambili yomgaqo-siseko.
I-Referendum: Ukuchaza kunye nokuNinzisa iNguqu yeNtlalo
Ingongoma yokujongana nayo i-referendum ezayo malunga nokuguqulwa komgaqo-siseko oqaliswe nguMongameli uChavez, uxoxisana, uhlonyelwe kwaye uvotelwe ngentando yesininzi kwi-Congress yaseVenezuela kwiinyanga ezi-6 ezidlulileyo. Bekukho ingxoxo ebanzi nevulelekileyo kunye nokugxekwa kwamacandelo athile oMgaqo-siseko. Amajelo eendaba abucala, achasene noChavez kunye ne-White House, ngamxhelo mnye agxeka zonke izilungiso zomgaqo-siseko. Icandelo lobunkokeli belinye lamacandelo e-pro-Chavez coalition (PODEMOS) yajoyina i-hierarchy yeCawa yamaKatolika, i-shishini elikhokelayo kunye nombutho weenkomo, iibhanki kunye namacandelo eyunivesiti kunye nabafundi be-elite ukuhlasela ukuguqulwa komgaqo-siseko ocetywayo. Ukuxhaphaza zonke iinkululeko zedemokhrasi yaseVenezuela (intetho, indibano kunye noshicilelo) inkcaso iye yanyelisa i-referendum 'njengegunya' nanjengoko uninzi lwamacandelo omanyano oluphikisayo luzama ukuvusa umkhosi ukuba ungenelele.
Imbumba ephikisayo yezityebi nabanethamsanqa yoyika uhlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko kuba kuya kufuneka banike isahlulo esikhulu senzuzo yabo kubasebenzi, baphulukane nolawulo lwabo kurhwebo lwentengiso kwiifemu eziphantsi koluntu, kwaye babone amandla ezopolitiko eguqukela kumabhunga oluntu asekuhlaleni kwaye isebe lesigqeba. Ngelixa i-rightist kunye ne-liberal media e-Venezuela, iYurophu kunye ne-US zenze iintlawulo ezinqabileyo malunga nokuguqulwa 'kobugunyaziso', ngokwenene izilungiso ziphakamisa ukujula kunye nokwandisa idemokhrasi yoluntu.
Uphando olufutshane lwezilungiso eziphambili zomgaqo-siseko ezixoxwa ngokuvulekileyo kwaye zivunywe sisininzi samalungu e-congress akhethwe ngokukhululekileyo eVenezuela inika ubuxoki kwizityholo 'zobugunyaziso' ngabagxeki bayo. Izilungiso zinokuhlelwa ngokwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye notshintsho lwentlalo.
Olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwezopolitiko kukudala iindlela ezintsha zedemokhrasi ezisekelwe ekuhlaleni zokumelwa kwezopolitiko apho uluntu olunyuliweyo kunye namaziko oluntu aya kwabelwa ingeniso yelizwe endaweni yorhwaphilizo, oorhulumente abaxhaswe ngabaxhasi bakamasipala norhulumente. Olu tshintsho olubhekiselele kulawulo luya kukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwedemokhrasi ngokuthe ngqo ngokungafaniyo ne-oligarchic tendencies efakwe kwinkqubo yangoku yabameli.
Okwesibini, ngokuchasene neengcamango ze-General Baduel zangaphambili, izilungiso 'aziwutshabalalisi umgaqo-siseko okhoyo', ekubeni izilungiso ziguqula kwinqanaba elikhulu okanye elincinci kuphela i-20% yamanqaku omgaqo-siseko (69 ngaphandle kwe-350).
Izihlomelo ezibonelela unyulo olungenasiphelo lwexesha elingenammiselo zihambelana nezenzo zeenkqubo ezininzi zepalamente, njengoko kungqinwe ngamabinzana amahlanu e-ofisi yeNkulumbuso yaseOstreliya uHoward, ulawulo lwesiqingatha senkulungwane yeLiberal Democratic Party yaseJapan, imiqathango emine kaMongameli wase-US uFranklin Roosevelt. , unyulo lwamaxesha amaninzi lukaMargaret Thatcher kunye noTony Blair e-UK phakathi kwabanye. Akukho mntu ukhe wabuza iziqinisekiso zabo zedemokhrasi zokubamba iofisi yesigqeba sexesha elininzi, kwaye abagxeki bangoku akufuneki bakhethe ukukhetha uChavez 'njengogunyaziwe' ngokwenza okufanayo.
Utshintsho lwezopolitiko olwandisa ixesha lokuba ngumongameli ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-6 ukuya kwe-7 aluyi kwandisa okanye lunciphise amagunya kamongameli, njengoko ibango leqela eliphikisayo, kuba ulwahlulo lwamagunya owiso-mthetho, ezomthetho nawolawulo luya kuqhubeka kwaye unyulo olukhululekileyo luya kubeka uMongameli ukuba avavanywe rhoqo ngabemi.
Inqaku eliphambili lolonyulo olungenasiphelo kukuba lulonyulo olukhululekileyo, ngokuxhomekeke kukhetho lwabavoti, apho, kwimeko yaseVenezuela, uninzi lwamajelo eendaba, abaphathi bamaKatolika, ii-NGO ezixhaswa ngemali yi-US, imibutho yamashishini amakhulu isazakuba namandla amakhulu. izibonelelo zemali ukuxhasa umsebenzi wenkcaso โ ayifane ibe ngumxholo 'wogunyaziso'.
Isihlomelo esivumela isigqeba esilawulayo ukuba sibhengeze imeko yonxunguphalo kwaye singenelele kumajelo eendaba xa sijongene nezenzo zobundlobongela zokubhukuqa umgaqo-siseko sibalulekile ekukhuseleni amaziko edemokhrasi. Ngokubhekiselele kwiinzame ezininzi zobundlobongela zolawulo lokuhlutha amandla kutshanje ngabachasi bangoku, ulungiso luvumela ukuchasana kodwa luvumela idemokhrasi ukuba izikhusele kwiintshaba zenkululeko.
Ukukhokelela kubhukuqo-mbuso lwasemkhosini oluxhaswa yi-US ngo-Aprili 11, 2002, kunye nokuvalwa kwepetroleum ngabaphathi bayo abaphezulu okwatshabalalisa uqoqosho (ukwehla nge-30% ye-GNP ngo-2002/2003), ukuba uRhulumente wayenayo kwaye wayisebenzisa. amandla kaxakeka, iCongress kunye neNkundla, inkqubo yonyulo kunye nemigangatho yokuphila yabantu baseVenezuela bekuya kukhuselwa ngcono. Okona kubalulekileyo, uRhulumente ngewayengenelele ngokuchasene nosasazo oluninzi luncedisa kwaye luthintele ukubhukuqwa kwenkqubo yedemokhrasi enobundlobongela, njengaye nawuphi na omnye urhulumente wedemokhrasi.
Kufuneka kucace ukuba ulungiso oluvumela 'amandla angxamisekileyo' lunomxholo othile kwaye lubonisa amava abambekayo: amaqela aphikisayo akhoyo ngoku, imibutho yamashishini kunye nabaphathi becawa banobundlobongela, imbali echasene nentando yesininzi. Iphulo lokuphelisa uzinzo ngokuchasene nereferendamu yangoku kunye nezibheno zongenelelo lwasemkhosini kakhulu kwaye zichazwe ngokucacileyo nguNjengele Baduel odla umhlala-phantsi (ekhuselwa ngumcebisi wakhe odumileyo, umcebisi wezemfundo uHeinz Dietrich), luphawu olucacileyo lokuba amandla kaxakeka ayimfuneko ngokupheleleyo Thumela umyalezo ocacileyo wokuba ubundlobongela obugwenxa buya kuhlangatyezwa ngamandla omthetho.
Ukuncitshiswa kweminyaka yokuvota ukusuka kwi-18 ukuya kwi-16 kuya kwandisa abavoti, kwandise inani labathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yonyulo kunye nokunika abantu abatsha ilizwi elikhulu kwizopolitiko zelizwe ngokusebenzisa amaziko amaziko. Kuba abasebenzi abaninzi bangena kwimarike yezemisebenzi besebancinci kwaye kwezinye iimeko baqala iintsapho kwangoko, esi sihlomelo sivumela abasebenzi abasebatsha ukuba bacinezele iimfuno zabo ezithile malunga nengqesho kunye neekhontrakthi zabasebenzi ezinokubakho.
Ukulungiswa kokunciphisa usuku lomsebenzi ukuya kwiiyure ezi-6 kuchaswa ngokukrakra ngabachasi abakhokelwa ngumbutho wamashishini amakhulu, i-FEDECAMARAS, kodwa inenkxaso egqithiseleyo yemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi abavela kuwo onke amacandelo. Kuya kuvumela ixesha elingakumbi lentsapho, imidlalo, imfundo, uqeqesho lwezakhono, imfundo yezopolitiko kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwezentlalo, kunye nobulungu kumabhunga oluntu asanda kusekwa. Umthetho onxulumene nabasebenzi kunye notshintsho kumalungelo epropathi kubandakanya indima enkulu yobunini obuhlangeneyo kuya kuqinisa amandla okuxoxisana kwabasebenzi kunye nenkunzi, ukwandisa idemokhrasi kwindawo yokusebenza.
Ekugqibeleni isihlomelo sokuphelisa oko kubizwa ngokuba 'yi-Central Bank ukuzimela' kuthetha ukuba amagosa anyuliweyo asabela kubavoti aya kuthatha indawo ye-Central Bankers (ehlala ephendula kwiibhanki zabucala, abatyali-mali baphesheya kunye namagosa emali ngamazwe ngamazwe) ekuthatheni isigqibo malunga nenkcitho karhulumente kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali. Esinye isiphumo esikhulu siya kuba kukuncitshiswa koovimba abangaphezulu kwimali ebolekiweyo yeedola kunye nokunyuka kwenkxaso-mali yomsebenzi wentlalo kunye nemveliso, ukuhlukahluka kokugcinwa kwemali kunye nokunciphisa ukuboleka kwamanye amazwe okungenangqondo kunye nokuboleka. Inyaniso yomcimbi kukuba iBhanki ePhakathi yayingekho 'ukuzimela', yayixhomekeke kwizinto ezifunwa ziimarike zezemali, ezizimeleyo kwizinto eziphambili zamagosa akhethiweyo asabela kwiimfuno ezithandwayo.
Njengoko uRhulumente weChavez ephendukela kwiDemokhrasi yeSocialism: Amaziko anengxaki kwaye afune izisombululo zomkhosi.
Njengoko iVenezuela isuka kwinguqu kwezopolitiko isiya kwinguqu kwezentlalo, ukusuka kwilizwe lentlalontle longxowankulu ukuya kwidemokhrasi yedemokhrasi, iziphako eziqikelelwayo kunye nokongezwa kwenzeka. Njengakwamanye amava embali yenguqu kwezentlalo, amacandelo omdibaniselwano karhulumente wokuqala azibophelele kutshintsho lwezopolitiko olusesikweni xa inkqubo yezopolitiko isiya kukulingana okukhulu kunye nepropathi kunye nokutshintshelwa kwamandla eluntwini. Iingcamango ze'Ziko' ziyazisola 'ngokwaphulwa' kwemeko 'imvumelwano' phakathi kwe-oligarchs kunye nabantu (ibhala ulungelelwaniso olutsha lwentlalo njenge 'yamagunya') nanjengoko 'iZiko' lisamkela iLungelo elichasene nedemokhrasi ngokunzulu kunye nezibheno zomkhosi. ungenelelo.
Inkqubo efanayo yokuphambuka kwe-elite kunye nokwanda kwenkxaso enkulu kwenzeka eVenezuela njengoko i-referendum, kunye nokukhetha kwayo okucacileyo kweklasi, iza phambili. Ngenxa yokungabi nantembelo ekukwazini kwabo ukoyisa izilungiso zomgaqo-siseko ngokuvota, besoyika isininzi sedemokhrasi, becatshukiswa sisibheno esikhulu esithandwayo sikaMongameli uChavez onyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi, 'iZiko' lijoyine iLungelo kwiinzame zokugqibela zokumanyanisa ezongezelelweyo- amandla epalamente ukoyisa intando yabavoti.
Umqondiso weLungelo eNtsha kunye ne 'Centrist' iziphako ngowayesakuba nguMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, uRaul Baduel, ohlaselo lwakhe olunoburhalarhume kuMongameli, iCongress, iinkqubo zolonyulo kunye nereferendum kumphawula njengonqwenela ukukhokela i-US exhaswa yi-US. iphiko lasekunene lokuhlutha amandla.
Imithombo yeendaba yenkululeko kunye nephiko lasekunene kunye nabaxhasi be-propagandist abanganyanisekanga baye bachaza uRaul Baduel 'njengomsindisi' kaChavez emva koqhankqalazo lomkhosi ka-Epreli 2002. Inyani yomcimbi kukuba uBaduel wangenelela kuphela emva kwamakhulu amawaka abantu baseVenezuela abahluphekayo. ithululelwa phantsi ukusuka 'kwii-ranchos', ijikeleze iNdlu kaMongameli, ikhokelela kwiyantlukwano kwimikhosi exhobileyo. U-Baduel wakhaba igcuntswana lamagosa omkhosi anelungelo elilungileyo ethanda uphalazo-gazi olukhulu kwaye alungelelaniswa namanye amagosa omkhosi achasene namanyathelo aqatha ngokuchasene nabantu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kocwangco lwezopolitiko. Eli qela lokugqibela libandakanya amagosa axhasa uChavez 'imigaqo-nkqubo yobuhlanga kunye nabanye, abafana noBaduel, owayechasa abaqulunqi ngenxa yokuba i-radicalized kunye ne-polarized uluntu-ekhokelela kwimfazwe yamakhaya enokubakho eklasini kunye nesiphumo esingaqinisekanga. I-Baduel yayiyeyokubuyisela uChavez 'owohlwayo' oya kugcina imeko ekhoyo yentlalo-qoqosho.
Ngaphakathi kurhulumente weChavez, uBaduel wayemele ukuthambekela kokuchasana nobukomanisi, okwanyanzela uMongameli ukuba 'axolelane' nelungelo 'lolawulo lwentando yesininzi' kunye namashishini amakhulu. Ngaphakathi, u-Baduel wayechasile ukwandiswa kobunikazi boluntu kunye nentsebenziswano esondeleleneyo kumazwe ngamazwe kunye noMphathiswa wezoKhuselo waseColombia.
Ixesha lika-Baduel njengoMphathiswa wezoKhuselo libonise ukuthambekela kwakhe kokulondoloza kunye nokungabikho kobuchule kwimiba yokhuseleko, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko lwangaphakathi. Wasilela ukukhusela imida yaseVenezuela ekuhlaselweni komkhosi yimikhosi exhobileyo yaseColombia. Okona kubi, akazange aphumelele ukucela umngeni kukwaphulwa kwemithetho yelizwe laseColombia malunga nokugxothwa kwezopolitiko. Ngelixa uBaduel wayenguMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, amaqela axhobileyo abanini-mhlaba baseVenezuela babulala abalimi abangaphezu kwe-150 ababesebenza kuhlaziyo lomhlaba ngelixa uMkhosi weSizwe ujonge kwelinye icala. Ngaphantsi kweliso likaBaduel ngaphezulu kwe-120 imikhosi yaseColombia yaseColombia yangena elizweni. Umkhosi waseColombia wawuwela rhoqo umda waseVenezuela ukuhlasela iimbacu zaseColombia. Ngaphantsi kweBaduel, amagosa omkhosi waseVenezuela asebenzisana ekuthinjweni kukaRodrigo Granda (umthunywa wemicimbi yangaphandle yeFARC) emini ebanzi embindini weCaracas. U-Baduel akenzanga nzame yokuphanda okanye ukuqhankqalaza oku kunyhashwa kobungangamsha baseVenezuela, de waxelelwa uMongameli Chavez waza wangenelela. Ngalo lonke ixesha likaBaduel njengoMphathiswa wezoKhuselo uye wavelisa amaqhina aqinileyo kubukrelekrele bemikhosi yaseColombia (ebekwe esweni yi-Arhente yezobuNhloli bezoKhuselo yase-US kunye ne-CIA) kwaye wakhupha amajoni aliqela kwi-ELN nakwi-FARC kwizandla zabathuthumbisi baseColombia.
Ngexesha lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi njengoMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, uBaduel wenza intetho kaJulayi 2007 apho wayejolise ngokucacileyo kwi-leftist kunye ne-Marxist currents kwi-union union (UNT) kunye no-Chavez osanda kwazisa i-PSUV (i-Unified Socialist Party yaseVenezuela). Intetho yakhe, egameni โlobusoshiyali bobuKrestuโ, eneneni yayiyi-vituperative nenomsindo ochasa ubukomanisi diatribe, eyamkholisa uPope Benedict (Ratzinger).
Intetho ye-5 kaNovemba ka-Baduel nangona kunjalo ibonisa ukubambelela kwakhe esidlangalaleni kwinkcaso enzima, intetho yayo, ukukhwabanisa kunye nemibono yokuguqulwa kwegunya lenkqubo ye-Chavez ye-socialism yedemokhrasi. Okokuqala nokuphambili, u-Badual, elandela ukukhokela kwe-White House kunye ne-Venezuelan 'ilungelo elinzima', wayigxeka yonke inkqubo yengxoxo yeCongressional malunga nezilungiso zoMgaqo-siseko, kunye nephulo lonyulo oluvulekileyo olukhokelela kwi-referendum ngokuthi 'impembelelo ye-coup d' kwaye'. Zonke iingcaphephe kunye nomkhi-mkhanyo ongaphandle abavumelani - nkqu nabo bachasayo uvoto. Injongo kaBaduel nangona kunjalo yayikubuza ukuba semthethweni kwayo yonke inkqubo yezopolitiko ukuze athethelele ikhwelo lakhe lokungenelela emkhosini. I-rhetoric yakhe ebiza ingxoxo ye-congressional kunye nokuvota 'ubuqhetseba' kunye 'neenkqubo zobuqhetseba' zikhomba umzamo kaBaduel wokunyelisa amaziko amele akhoyo ukuze athethelele ukukhwabanisa komkhosi, okuza kubachitha.
Ukukhanyela kukaBaduel injongo yezopolitiko kuyahlekisa - kuba wamema kuphela amajelo aphikisayo kunye nezopolitiko 'kwinkomfa yakhe yeendaba' kwaye wayehamba kunye namagosa amaninzi omkhosi. UBaduel ufana nozwilakhe otyhola ixhoba lolwaphulo-mthetho aza kulwenza. Ekubizeni uvoto malunga nohlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko 'lubhukuqo-mbuso', ukhuthaza umkhosi ukuba uqalise ubhukuqo-mbuso. Kwisibheno esivulekileyo somkhosi uyalela umkhosi ukuba โubonise umongo wohlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko.โ Uhlaba ikhwelo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumagosa asemkhosini ukuba โaphonononge ngenyamekoโ iinguqulelo ezicetywa ngurhulumente onyuliweyo โngokungxama nangeenkqubo zobuqhetseba. . Ngelixa ejongelwa phantsi amaziko anyulwe ngokwedemokhrasi, iBaduel ibhenela kwinkohliso engcolileyo kunye nokuthozama kobuxoki ukuphembelela umkhosi ukuba uvukele. Nangona engazange athobeke ekhanyela ukuba unokuba sisithethi soMkhosi oxhobileyo, wacebisa abacholacholi beendaba abalungileyo ababekho kunye neqela lomkhosi elinokubakho ukuba โawunakujongela phantsi amandla okuhlalutya nokuqiqa emkhosini.โ
Akunakwenzeka, uhanahaniso kunye nokungakhathali kokuthumela kudlula kwizibhengezo zikaBaduel. Ibango lakhe lokuba ngumgxeki 'we-apolitical' liphikisana nenjongo yakhe yokuhamba kukhenketho lokuthetha kwilizwe lonke ehlasela uhlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko, kwiintlanganiso eziququzelelwe ngabachasi bamalungelo. Alithandabuzeki elokuba akazukujongana nabaphulaphuli kuphela kodwa uya kwenza zonke iinzame zokuhlangana namagosa asemkhosini anokuthi aqinisekise ukuba 'abonakalise' ... kwaye enze iyelenqe lokubhukuqa urhulumente kwaye aguqule iziphumo zovavanyo. UMongameli uChavez unelungelo lokugweba uBaduel njengomrhwebi, nangona enikwe inzondo yakhe yexesha elide kwinguqu yentlalo elinganayo kunokuba kuninzi ukutsho ukuba uBaduel ngoku utyhila imibala yakhe yokwenyani.
Ingozi kwidemokhrasi yaseVenezuela ayikho eBaduel njengomntu - uphumile kurhulumente kwaye uthathe umhlala-phantsi kumyalelo osebenzayo wasemkhosini. Ingozi yokwenene ngumgudu wakhe wokuvuselela amagosa asemkhosini akhutheleyo nomyalelo womkhosi, ukuba aphendule ubizo lwakhe okanye njengoko ekubeka ngobuchule โukuba umkhosi ucingisise nzulu ngombandela wohlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko.โ Uhlalutyo lukaBaduel nenkqubo yokuthabatha amanyathelo lubeka phambili indawo. umkhosi njengeyona nto iphambili kwezopolitiko, ukongamela abavoti abazizigidi ezili-16.
Ukukhusela kwakhe ngokunyanisekileyo 'impahla yabucala' ngokuhambelana nokubiza kwakhe isenzo somkhosi yindlela ehlakaniphile yokumanyanisa iiNjengele, iiBhanki kunye neqela eliphakathi kwiinyawo ezingathandekiyo zika-Augusto Pinochet, umlawuli wegazi waseChile.
I-polarization yeklasi ekuqhubeleni phambili kwi-referendum ifikelele kwintetho yayo enzima kakhulu: iintsalela zomdibaniso we-multi-class obandakanya abambalwa abakumgangatho ophakathi kwaye uninzi lwamandla asebenzayo ayahlukana. Izigidi zabasebenzi abatsha ababekade bengakhathali okanye bezopolitiko, abangaphangeliyo abahluphekayo nabasetyhini abanemivuzo ephantsi (abasebenzi basemakhitshini, abahlambi bempahla, abazali abangenamaqabane) bazimanya noqhanqalazo olukhulu oluphuphumayo kwiindlela ezingundoqo kunye namaplaza bexhasa izilungiso zomgaqo-siseko. Kwangaxeshanye iziphako zezopolitiko ziye zanda phakathi kwegcuntswana le-centrist-liberal kumanyano lweChavez. Amasekela alishumi elinesine kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho, ngaphantsi kwe-10%, ininzi evela kwi-PODEMOS, ajoyine inkcaso. Imithombo ethembekileyo eVenezuela (i-Axis of Logic / Les Blough Nov. 11, 2007) ingxelo yokuba iGqwetha Jikelele u-Beneral u-Isaias Rodriguez, umlweli wolwaphulo-mthetho ongenakukwazi, kunye noMlawuli Jikelele we-Cloudosbaldo Russian kuthiwa bayarhoxa kwaye bajoyina inkcaso. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ezi ngxelo ezifanayo zithi iCandelo le-4 elixhobileyo eMarcay lithembekile 'kwiGolpista' uRaul Baduel. Abanye abarhanelwa ukuba uBaduel usebenzisa ubudlelwane bakhe bexesha elide kunye noMphathiswa wezoKhuselo wangoku, uGustavo Briceno Rangel ukumqinisekisa ukuba enze isiphene kwaye azibandakanye kumalungiselelo angaphambi kobhukuqo-mbuso. Iimali ezinkulu zenkxaso-mali yase-US igeleza ukuhlawula amagosa karhulumente kunye namagosa asekuhlaleni ngemali kunye nezithembiso zokwabelana nge-oyile ukuba i-Chavez igxothwe. Ukuthengwa kwezopolitiko zakutsha nje zaseMelika kubandakanya iRhuluneli uLuis Felipe Acosta Carliz osuka kwiphondo laseCarabobo. Amajelo osasazo amaninzi aye abonisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo aba bachasi batsha ekunene kwiingxelo zabo zeyure 'zeendaba' ezibonisa ikhefu labo noChavez 'coup d'etat'.
I-referendum ijika ibe lityala elibi ngokungaqhelekanga lemfazwe 'yeklasi echasene neklasi', apho lonke ikamva leLatin America lasekhohlo lisemngciphekweni kunye nokubamba kweWashington kumthengisi wayo omkhulu we-oyile.
isiphelo
Idemokhrasi yaseVenezuela, uMongameli kaHugo Chavez kunye noninzi lweeklasi ezidumileyo zijongene nengozi yokufa. I-US ijongene nokutshatyalaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo konyulo kwaye ayikwazi ukungenelela okukhulu kwangaphandle ngenxa yokwandisa kakhulu imikhosi yayo yomkhosi kuMbindi Mpuma; uzibophelele kwakhona ekubhukuqeni ngobundlobongela kukaChavez. I-Venezuela ngohlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko, iya kwandisa kwaye yenze nzulu ulawulo lwedemokhrasi ethandwayo kumgaqo-nkqubo wezentlalo noqoqosho. Amacandelo amatsha ezoqoqosho aza kwenziwa abezwe. Utyalo-mali olukhulu lukawonke-wonke kunye neenkqubo zentlalontle ziya kuqala. I-Venezuela iqhubela phambili ngokungenakuphikiswa ekuguquleni iimarike zayo zepetroli, iindawo ezigcina imali kunye nobudlelwane bayo bezopolitiko. Ixesha liyaphela kwi-White House: Iimpembelelo zezopolitiko zaseWashington ziba buthathaka. I-Baduel ibonwa njengelona themba lilungileyo lokuqalisa ukuthinjwa komkhosi, ukubuyisela ii-oligarchs emandleni kunye nokuphelisa iintshukumo ezininzi ezidumileyo.
UMongameli Chavez ngokuchanileyo โuwuvavanya umyalelo ophakamileyoโ yaye uthi โunentembelo epheleleyo kumkhosi wesizwe oxhobileyo namacandelo awo.โ Ukanti esona siqinisekiso silungileyo kukubetha ngamandla nangokukhawuleza, kanye ngokungqalileyo nxamnye nabalandeli namaqela kaBaduel. Ukusonga ishumi elinesibini okanye amakhulu abacebi bomkhosi lixabiso eliphantsi lokuhlawulela ukusindisa ubomi bamawakawaka abasebenzi kunye namatsha ntliziyo anokuthi abulawe nakuphi na ukuthinjwa kwamagunya okunegazi.
Imbali ifundise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba xa ubeka idemokhrasi yentlalontle, ukulingana kunye namandla athandwayo phezulu kwi-ajenda yezopolitiko, njengoko uChavez enzile, kwaye njengoko uninzi lwabantu luphendula ngentshiseko, iLungelo, umkhosi wokuphendula, 'uMzindi' abaphambukayo kwezopolitiko kunye neengcamango, i-White House, i-hysterical class class kunye neekhadinali zeCawa ziya kuncama nayiphi na inkululeko yedemokhrasi ukukhusela impahla, amalungelo kunye namandla ngazo naziphi na iindleko eziyimfuneko. Kolu ngquzulwano lugqubayo phakathi kweeklasi ezithandwayo zaseVenezuela kunye neentshaba zabo ze-oligarchic kunye nezomkhosi, kuphela ngokuxhobisa abantu ngokuziphatha, kwezopolitiko kunye nombutho okunokuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kwenkqubo yedemokhrasi yenguqu yentlalo.
Utshintsho luya kuza, umbuzo ngowokuba kuya kuba ngevoti okanye ngembumbulu.
ยฉ Copyright 2007 ngu-AxisofLogic.com
* Inqaku lomhleli weVenezuelanalysis.com: UBaduel wayengumphathiswa wezokhuselo ukususela ngoJuni 2006 ukuya kuJulayi 2007, ezininzi zeziganeko umbhali abhekisela kuzo zenzeke ngelixa uBaduel wayeyintloko yoMkhosi waseVenezuela, kungekhona uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela