Ukuze siqonde imeko yezopolitiko yangoku ye-Iran, umzekelo ishishini labaguquleli okanye iinqununu, i-Islamic Revolutionary Guard (IRG), kunye neendlela zabantu zomzabalazo kufuneka sibeke i-Green Movement kumxholo wembali ye-Iran kwiminyaka eyi-100 yokugqibela. Abo baye bachitha i-Green Movement njengenye iprojekthi ye-CIA okanye iikholomu zeNew York Times abanalo ulwazi malunga nokufana kweendlela kunye neemfuno zabantu kwi-Green Movement kunye nezo ze-Nationalization of Oil, Constitutional and 1979 Revolutions. Uqhanqalazo lwasesitratweni, iingoma zokuchasa kwaye ezigxeka, isiko lokubamba imingcwabo yabafeli-nkolo be-Green Movement njengendlela yokuxhathisa kunye nokuvusa ingqiqo yabantu abaninzi kwezopolitiko konke kuqhubekeka kwabo bakwimizabalazo yangaphambili yesizwe yobulungisa e-Iran kwaye isekelwe ngokunzulu kwiindlela zobomi babantu.
Oku akuthethi ukuba intshukumo yangoku yokuchasa okanye ezo zangaphambili zobulungisa e-Iran zibekwe zodwa kwihlabathi liphela kwaye khange zifunde kwizizwe ngezizwe nakwingingqi ezichasene nobukoloniyali, ukulwa nobuzwilakhe, ukuchasana nomsebenzi, okanye iintshukumo ezichasene nobuhlanga, okanye ukuba azikhange ziphembelele ezinye iintshukumo kwihlabathi liphela. Kunokuba ubonise ukungabi nasiseko kwezityholo ze-neo-orientalist ngabahlalutyi abaninzi abahlala kuMntla Melika, umzekelo, ukuba i-Green Movement ijolise ukukholisa 'umntu omhlophe' okanye ukuba imiselwe 'ngumntu omhlophe'. Olu hlobo lwezityholo aluthathwa njengokugxekwa ngaphakathi kwiNtshukumo yoHlaza, kwaye lutolikwa njengobutshaba kwinkcubeko yokuchasa kunye nokukrokra malunga nokubanakho kwabantu ukumela amalungelo abo asisiseko. Singalibali ukuba esi sisizwe esonzakaliswe ngokumanyumnyezi zizenzo zenkohlakalo ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo zemikhosi yama impiriyali; ezi ziquka, ukukhankanya ezimbalwa, US-Britani Coup of 1953, uhlaselo Iran yi Iraq kunye nokuqhubekeka loo mfazwe iminyaka 8 (ukususela 1980-ukuya 1989), ukubiwa kwemithombo yelizwe Iran yiBritani, uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho. Izohlwayo ezibekwe kubantu base-Iranian emva kohlaziyo lwe-1979 yi-US, izoyikiso zeemfazwe ezichasene ne-Iran ngu-US-Israel, uhlaselo lwe-Iraq-Afghanistan-Pakistan yi-US, okuyimfazwe yommandla kunye nesiphumo esilandelayo kwimeko yezopolitiko yase-Iran. , intiyo yolawulo lukaBush malunga nabaguquleli benguqu xa babesemandleni, benika ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kumandla enyukliya, kunye nengxabano yamazwe ngamazwe malunga ne-Ahmadinejad yokungazi lutho kwe-Holocaust yesilogeni endaweni yokubambisana neemfuno zabantu base-Iranian zobulungisa, ukuhlala kunye nokuhlaselwa kwePalestina neLebhanon ngo. uSirayeli, njalo njalo.
Abahlalutyi beNeo-orientalist abasoloko besithi balwa ubukhosi ngokulahla intshukumo yabantu baseIran yobulungisa bayakrokrela uluntu, njengabantu baseIran abaye bacinezelwa ngama impiriyali kunye noorhulumente abakhohlakeleyo, ukuba bakwazi ukuba neemfuno kunye neminqweno. ubulungisa kunye nedemokhrasi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko zelizwe labo. Abahlalutyi be-neo-orientalist bazixelela ukuba "wow, oku kuvakala kumnandi kakhulu ukuba kube yinyani". Ngandlelโ ithile iyafana nepolisa elinocalucalulo e-US elingakholelwa ukuba umntu ontsundu uzuze indlu yakhe yexabiso eliphezulu okanye imoto kwaye unokude ambambe njengesela. Ipolisa lisenokukrokrela ukuba umntu ontsundu uye weba imoto yomlungu okanye uqhekeze umzi womlungu. Ipolisa liyazi ngocalucalulo lwamaziko kunye nembali ende yamadoda amnyama asebenzela phantse nantoni na, ngoko ke lizixelele ukuba "Wow, kubonakala ngathi kumnandi kakhulu ukuba umntu omnyama afumane le nto, kufuneka usebenze iiyure ezingama-24. ngosuku olungaphezu kobomi bakhe ukufumana loo moto okanye indlu, ngoko ke kumele ukuba ibibiwe". Ngokufanayo, xa abantu base-Irani bekhwaza ezitalatweni ukuba bakhetha ukufa kunokuba bazithobe kwingcinezelo (i-Irani mimirad zelat neipazirad), abanye abahlalutyi abanakukholelwa ukuba bayinyani kwaye bacinga ukuba bazama ukukholisa "umntu omhlophe" okanye banyebelele. kummandla wakhe; Kucingelwa ukuba ubulungisa nedemokhrasi zizinto ezizuziweyo "zabamhlophe".
Ngamanye amaxesha kucingwa ngabahlalutyi be-neo-orientalist ukuba abantu abatsala nzima kuMbindi Mpuma bangabantu abamhlophe, okanye abantu abakholelwa kwizinto ezisisiseko abangazi nto ngokuchasene nelizwe langaphandle. Kwimeko yangaphambili, umbuzo uyabuzwa: "bathini na ukucela amalungelo oluntu kunye nobulungisa, izinto zethu zobuqu, xa imimandla yasemaphandleni e-Iran ithanda ingcinezelo yezoqoqosho nezopolitiko ebekwe kubo ngu-Ahmadinejad?" kwaye kwimeko yokugqibela, "kutheni basithiye kangaka?". UHamid Dabashi uyithethe ngokugqibeleleyo: Mhlawumbi eyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo kwezopolitiko zaseMelika, abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye neengcali zenzululwazi - ekhohlo okanye ekunene, inkululeko okanye i-conservative, iDemocrat okanye iRiphabhlikhi - kukuba bacinga ukuba nantoni na eyenzekayo naphi na emhlabeni imalunga nabo. okanye ishishini labo. I-hubris ye-imperial ebonakala iqinisekile ye-DNA yale nkcubeko yezopolitiko ifuna ukuba ihlasele kwaye ithathe iindawo zabanye abantu kwaye ibaxelele ukuba benze ntoni, okanye bangayihoyi ukuzixakekisa kwabantu kwimiba yabo kwaye banyanzelise, bafune kwaye ngokuthe ngqo " uthethathethwanoโ nabo, nokuba bayafuna okanye abafuni.โ (funda ngakumbi Apha)
Ndicaphula iinxalenye zenqaku likaReza Fiyouzay ukwenzela ukubeka ukhetho lukaJuni 2009 kwimeko yembali ye-30 yokugqibela. Inokuqatshelwa ukuba iprojekthi yokuphelisa abaguquleli kumandla ayonto intsha kulawulo lwase-Iran:
"Ubhukuqo-mbuso lwangaphambili olwenzeka kubomi beRiphabhliki yamaSilamsi kwenzeka ngoJuni ka-1981 'ngokubekwa ityala' kuka-Banisadr, umongameli wokuqala wasemva kwe-revolution, yipalamente ngempembelelo kaKhomeini; I-Iran, kwaye ngoku uhlala eFransi. Kamva, ngo-Aprili ka-1982 kwabakho ubhukuqo-mbuso nxamnye noSadegh Ghotbzadeh, owayencedisa uKhomeini ngexesha lokugxothwa kwakhe eFransi, kunye nomphathiswa wezangaphandle; watyholwa ngokuceba ukubulala uKhomeini waza wabulawa. Kwakhona yayilubhukuqo-mbuso oludumileyo ngokuchasene noGrand Ayatollah Montazeri, owaba ngomnye wamaxesha athile onyulwe ezihlangwini zikaGrand Ayatollah Khomeini kwisikhundla sokuba yiNkokeli ePhakamileyo.UMontazeri wayenazo zombini iziqinisekiso zenkolo ezinenguquko nezingenasiphako (njengeGrand Ayatollah, efana nePhD ebaleni). Ngenxa yeziqinisekiso zakhe eziphakamileyo, wayezibangela iintloko ezibuhlungu rhoqo kwiintloko zenkqubo yobuthixoโฆ uninzi lwabagxeki abakwizikhundla eziphezulu zoku kubulawa kwabantu abaninziโฆ Ekupheleni kukaMatshi ka-1989, uKhomeini wayesele evile ngokwaneleyo, kwaye wabhengeza ukuba u-Montazeri 'urhoxile' kwisikhundla sakhe. " (Funda ngokugqithisileyo Apha)
Abanye abachazi baye babagculela abantu base-Iran ngokungacwangciswanga ngokwaneleyo, kunye nokuba neenkokeli eziphakamisa ii-ajenda zezopolitiko eziqhubekayo. Umzekelo, uAs`ad Abukhalil wakhe wabuza ngokuphoxayo Ngaba uzibonile iiakhawunti zokwenyani zeAnarchists kwintshukumo yaseIran ukuza kuthi ga ngoku?
Ngaphambi kokuba bahlekise abantu kwaye bagxothe umzabalazo wabo wokuba banyamezele iinkokeli zohlaziyo ekufuneka ziqhubeke ukuphindaphinda igama lika-Ayatollah Khomeini ukuze bafumane ukuqinisekiswa okanye ngenxa yokuba linxulumene nexesha labo elidlulileyo kwaye liyinjongo yabo, kufuneka sizikhumbuze umkhondo wentshukumo yezopolitiko kwaye Ikamva lamatsha ntliziyo e-Iran ubuncinci kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo. Phambi kokuba sigculele abaqhankqalazi baseIran ngokungabinabo abaqhankqalazi bokwenyani phakathi kwabaqhanqalazi, kufanelekile ukuba sizibuze ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kumatsha ntliziyo ezopolitiko angaphambi kwenguqu awayekade engawona asebenzayo kwaye anenkqubela kulo mmandla.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo yemfazwe yase-Iran-Iraq (eyathi yenzeka ngo-1980-1988) uninzi lwabalweli bezopolitiko ababenee-ajenda ezahlukeneyo kunoko bamiselwa babulawa ngobuninzi, banyanzelwa elubhacweni, batshutshiswa, okanye bathuliswa kuloo moya woloyiko. . Emva koko sinexesha lolwakhiwo ngokutsha lwasemva kwemfazwe ngexesha lika-Rafsanjani (1989- 1997) nto leyo ekhokelele ekwanelisekeni kwabantu abaninzi kulo lonke elase-Iran ngenxa yokukhula komahluko kwezoqoqosho, intswela-ngqesho, ushishino lwabucala, kunye noxinzelelo lwezentlalo nopolitiko lukarhulumente. Ubutshantliziyo bezopolitiko bebungahlawulelwayo nakwabo bahlala ngaphandle kwelizwe; umzekelo, iMykonos Restaurant Assassinations ka-1992, apho ama-4 Iranian-Kurdish abulawa yimikhosi yolawulo eBerlin, eJamani, kwavela ukuba kwakucwangciswe ngumphathiswa wezobuntlola, u-Ali Falahian, ngolwazi lwenkokeli ephezulu kunye nomongameli, Rafsanjani. Ngo-2004, u-Ahmadinejad owayengusodolophu waseTehran wabhalela usodolophu waseBerlin ileta emxelela ukuba isikhumbuzo ebesenzelwa amaxhoba phambi kweMykonos Restaurant sisithuko eIran. Omnye umzekelo wogebetho olwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-Iran kukubulawa kukaFereydoun Farokhzad ngo-1992. Ngeminyaka yoo-1990, sinecandelo lezobuntlola elidume kakubi elibizwa ngokuba yiChain Murder e-Iran yamatsha ntliziyo, ababhali, iimbongi, kunye nabaguquleli bezopolitiko abangaphezu kwama-80. yolawulo.
Kwimeko apho kukho iindleko eziphakame ngolo hlobo zamatshantliziyo ezopolitiko, intshukumo yohlaziyo yabakho ngowe-1997, iqala koloyiso loloyiso loloyilo lwalowo wayesakuba ngumongameli uMohammad Khatami. Abantu abaninzi abanee-ajenda ezahlukeneyo kunezo zivunyiweyo kukusekwa, nangona belumkile, ngenye indlela okanye enye bajoyina umbutho wohlaziyo kwaye bayifumene indlela yokuzibonakalisa ngokwezopolitiko kwaye baphinde basebenze kwezopolitiko. Umzekelo, ukuba ubungumfundi wobusoshiyali eIran, ibiziindleko eziphantsi kakhulu - phambi konyulo lukaJuni ka-2009 apho abahlaziyi basuswa kulawulo-ukuzibandakanya nohlaziyo endaweni yokuvuleleka kobusoshiyali. Ukuba yinxalenye yombutho wohlaziyo kukwanike ukuba semthethweni kumatsha ntliziyo ezopolitiko nanjengoko aya kuthathwa njengento engeyongozi kubantu abaphezulu abalawulayo kwaye endaweni yoko baya kuthathwa njengentlonipho kucwangco lwezoqoqosho ngelixa befuna nje utshintsho oluncinci. Ngaloo ndlela abahlali be-reformists bavela kwiinkolelo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo yoluntu kunye nee-ajenda kwaye ayingabo bonke abathandana kakhulu nomdla we-Iran elawulayo ngoku kwaye abafumani bonke umgaqo-siseko wolawulo 'ungcwele' kwaye ungathinteki. Le dichotomy ilandelayo bubuxoki: abemi reformist (ngothando ukusekwa, ngaphandle kwezinye izigxeko) vs. revolutioners (okuthetha abo bakholelwa ukuba ukusekwa kuye kwavelisa ukufa, intlupheko kunye nokungekho sikweni, yaye ngaloo ndlela uhlaziyo olunentsingiselo akunakwenzeka kwaye umgaqo-siseko ufuna ngokunzulu. utshintsho). Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba umda phakathi kwabantu abanohlaziyo kunye nabo baphoxekile kukusekwa kunye neengcinga zabo zibuthathaka. Umzekelo, emva kukaJuni 2009 abaqhankqalazi batshintsha isilogeni sabo sokuthi "iphi ivoti yam?" ukuba "ehle ngobunkokeli obuphezulu" kunye "ehle nozwilakhe" njengoko ubundlobongela obuphezulu bebusanda. Masingalibali ukuba abantu abalwela uhlaziyo lwemeko yentlalo abafani kwezentlalo nezopolitiko kwaye uninzi lwabezopolitiko ababesakuba ngabavukeli, abavalelweyo ngoku okanye bekhululekile ngebheyile, baye baba ngqongqo ngokwendalo (ngenxa yobundlobongela obungenalusini bombuso ngokuchasene nabaqhankqalazi abanoxolo) ukuba babizwe ngokuba ngabahlaziyi, nokuba ngaba ababanga njalo ekuhleni. UMnu kunye noNksz Leverett babhala abaguquli njenge "counter-revolutionaries", igama elichanekileyo elisetyenziswe ngabangqongqo be-Iran ukuchaza iqela. Abagxininisi babiza isiseko esikhusela umdla wabo wezopolitiko noqoqosho njenge revolution kwaye abo balugxekayo olo cwangco babizwa ngokuba yi-counter-revolutionary.
Olu tshintsho lwakhokelela kwinkululeko elinganiselweyo kumajelo eendaba, nangona abacholacholi beendaba bengazange bafumane imbuyekezo. Umzekelo, uAkbar Ganji, intatheli ephandayo, unike ingxelo ebanzi malunga nabo babandakanyekayo kwiChain Murder of Iran. UGanji wabanjwa ngenxa yoko ukusuka kwi-2001 ukuya kwi-2006, ethe yadibana nexesha lesibini likamongameli weKhatami, i-2001 ukuya ku-2005.
"Amaphephandaba amaninzi avulwa ngexesha le-Khatami, kuphela ukuba abaninzi bavalwe ngesizathu esinye okanye enye yijaji. Abefundisi abasebenzisa ithuba elitsha lomoya ukuze babuze imfundiso ye-velayat-e faqih bavalelwa entolongweni okanye ngenye indlela. Njengoko kwakugquba iingxoxo zezopolitiko, abezokhuseleko baseIran baye babacinezela abantu bonqulo nobuhlanga.Iqela labagxeki lo rhulumente baba ngamaxhoba okubulala okwalandela emva kwesebe lezangaphakathi.Ngowe-1999 amapolisa asabela kuqhanqalazo oluseluxolweni lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngokuhlasela iYunivesithi yaseTehran, ngokubetha. kunye nokubamba amakhulu abafundi kunye nokubulala ubuncinane omnye. Kwi-majlis (ipalamente) uninzi lomthetho wohlengahlengiso lukamongameli lwavalwa yiBhunga labaGcini, ikomiti yabefundisi etyunjwe yinkokeli ephezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ihambelana nemimiselo yamaSilamsi "( Funda lonke inqaku Apha)
Abavukeli, ngokuqinisekileyo, babeyinxalenye yokusekwa phambi konyulo lukaJuni ka-2009 xa kwabakho ubhukuqo-mbuso olwaphalaza igazi ukuze basuswe kulawulo. Xa babelawula, abavukeli bezobupolitika babedla ngokuncama ithemba lohlaziyo nokuthandwa kwabo ngabantu ukuze bahlale bephethe. Abaguquleli abazama ukuhlala phakathi kwesiseko, nto leyo ethintele uhlaziyo olunentsingiselo, babeneengenelo ezimbalwa kunye nokungalunganga okuninzi kwabo bafuna iinguqu ngokwabo kunye nabantu baseIran. Undonakele yayikukuba abaxhasi bohlaziyo babeka umthwalo weziganeko ezimnyama zembali yale nkqubo emagxeni abo nalawo entshukumo yohlaziyo; abaxhasi bohlaziyo badla ngokuzama ukuzithethelela ezi ziganeko ukuze bangaweli imigca ebomvu yolawulo. Nceda uqaphele ukuba uninzi lwezopolitiko ezifuna iinguqu zazilawula xa ezo zenzo zenkohlakalo zisenzeka kwaye ke ukubaliswa kwembali okuyinyaniso kwakuya kucela umngeni kwimbali yabo yezopolitiko kunye nokungaqhankqalazi kwezo ziganeko xa zisenzeka. Eminye imithwalo esemagxeni entshukumo yohlaziyo ibandakanya ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ngamabanjwa ezopolitiko ngeminyaka yoo-1980 eyayalelwa ngu-Ayatollah Khomeini, kunye nokungabikho kokugxekwa kuka-Ayatollah Khomeini ngengcinezelo yakhe, ukupheliswa kwamaqela ezopolitiko ahlukeneyo afana nabalandeli benkolo kunye nabashiyekileyo, ukuqhubeka kwemfazwe yase-Iran-Iraq emva kokukhululwa kweKhoramshahr, njalo njalo. Ngaloo ndlela uAyatollah Khomeini wahlala engomnye weyona migca ibomvu eyomeleleyo yabahlaziyi. Abaguquleli babehlala bebhekisa ku-Ayatollah Khomeini ngokufumana ukusemthethweni, ngokugxeka ngekhowudi ubunkokeli obuphezulu beKhamenei, kunye nokukhumbuza inkqubo ukuba ngabanini bokwenyani bokusekwa. Ngaloo ndlela uhlaziyo lwavalwa kukuchasana okukhulu phakathi kwe-ajenda yenkqubela phambili eyayifunwa ngokungxamisekileyo ngabantu kunye nokubhengezwa kwexesha lengcinezelo ka-Ayatollah Khomeini njengexesha legolide. Ukuchasana kwengcamango yohlaziyo kutsha nje kubonakaliswe ngokucacileyo xa uAyatollah Montazeri wasweleka ngo-2009 kwaye abahlaziyi abakwinqanaba eliphezulu bamlilela, bathatha inxaxheba kumngcwabo wakhe, kwaye babonakalisa uthando ngeenjongo zakhe. Ukuthandwa kuka-Ayatollah Montazeri phakathi kwabantu ikakhulu kwaba sisiphumo sokuma kwakhe kwimiyalelo ka-Ayatollah Khomeini yokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ngeminyaka yoo-1980 kunye nezigxeko zikaMontazeri zokuqhubeka kwemfazwe yase-Iran-Iraq emva kokukhululwa kweKhoramshahr. U-Ayatollah Montazeri naye waxhasa i-Green Movement. Abantu abanohlaziyo banokusihlonipha kwaye basivume njani isenzo sika-Ayatollah Montazeri sokuma ngakuAyatollah Khomeini kwaye kwangaxeshanye angamgxeki uAyatollah Khomeini nezigqibo zakhe?
Uninzi lwabezopolitiko abaguqukayo babenezinye iintsilelo ezifana nezimo zabo zengqondo ngamalungelo abantu basetyhini, ukulingana kwazo zonke iindlela zesini, njalo njalo. Uninzi lwabahlaziyi abazange bayithathele ingqalelo imizabalazo enjalo njengesemthethweni njengoko yayingqubana neenkolelo zamaSilamsi zohlaziyo kunye nomgaqo-siseko wase-Iran, abathi abanye babaguquleli bawuthathe njengesibhalo esingcwele esithunyelwe sivela esibhakabhakeni. Amanye amanani abalulekileyo ombutho wohlaziyo awayekhathalele amalungelo oluntu, njengo-Ayatollah Montazeri, afumene iimfuno zabasetyhini zokulingana ngokungeyo-Islamic. Golbarg Bashi uye waqhuba udliwano-ndlebe olubanzi kunye no-Ayatollah Montazeri apho engavumelani nokususwa kwemithetho ecalula abantu basetyhini kuba esithi ukususwa kwabo kuya kuphikisana ne-Islam.
Phambi kobhukuqo-mbuso luka-2009, iadvanteji ababenayo abaguquleli kunye nabantu njengabavukeli ngandlela ithile โbabechasaโ kwisiseko, yayikukuba abantu babekwazi ukwenza ubutshantliziyo bentlalo-ntle bezopolitiko ngaphandle kokuba bacingelwe โnjengabangcatshiโ (barandaz ngesiPersian); uninzi lweentatheli, amatshantliziyo, kunye nabafundi bahlawule ixabiso eliphezulu ngobutshantliziyo babo kodwa intlawulo ibinokuba nkulu kakhulu ukuba bebengajongwa njengabahlaziyi.
Kwakusemva kokuzalwa kombutho wohlaziyo apho umbutho wamalungelo abasetyhini, intshukumo yabafundi, imfuno ephandle yemibutho ezimeleyo, ukuvela kweemvumi ezintsha zepop ezivela ngaphakathi kweli lizwe, indumasi kwishishini lopapasho lweencwadi, njalo njalo, yafumana umfutho omtsha. Andicebisi ukuba abezopolitiko abahlaziyiweyo bahlanganise ezi ntshukumo kunye namaza, kodwa yayisisithuba esincinci esivulwe yimeko yohlengahlengiso apho umnqweno wabantu wokutshatyalaliswa kwezopolitiko nezopolitiko kunye nobugcisa ugqabhuke.
Abahlaziyi baqhubeleka nemigaqo-nkqubo yoqoqosho yeniyo-liberal, abayifumana njengelifa kumongameli wangaphambili uRafsanjani. UKhatami, ngokungafaniyo nabanye abongameli, wehlisa imisebenzi yezoqoqosho ephantsi kangangoko anako. Nangona kunjalo, abo babexhasa inkululeko ethe chatha yezentlalo nezopolitiko kunye namalungelo oluntu badaniswa kuko nakuphi na ukubakho kohlaziyo olunentsingiselo ngaphakathi kwesi sigqeba. Abo babefuna isonka nebhotolo babenganelisekanga yimigaqo yabavukeli, yaye abasebenzi baqhubeka becinezelwa yaye bevinjwa ilungelo lokuba nomanyano oluzimeleyo. Abalandeli bohlaziyo bazigatya iimfuno zamaqela ahlukeneyo asekuhlaleni yaye ubukhulu becala babexhalabele inkululeko yezentlalo nezopolitiko. Le yokugqibela yayithintelwe yinkqubo yezopolitiko. Isilogeni sabo sezoqoqosho esingenalwazi, ababezixakekise ngaso, yayikukuba ngaphandle koqoqosho olukhululekileyo (okuthetha ukuthengiswa kwabucala kunye neminye imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho ye-neo-liberal) idemokhrasi yezopolitiko zaseIran ayinakwenzeka.
Ngexesha lonyulo lukamongameli luka-2005, amalungu e-IRG kunye nemikhosi yase-Basij aqinisekisa ukuba umgqatswa abamthandayo uba ngumongameli. Eso yaba sisiqalo ngokusemthethweni sokubandakanyeka kwemikhosi yezomkhosi kwipolitiki yaseburhulumenteni. Abaphathiswa be-Ahmadinejad bebekhethwa kakhulu kumalungu e-IRG kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo ye-Ahmadinejad yabucala yenza i-IRG ibe ngumdlali wezoqoqosho kunakuqala.
U-Abrahamian uchaza uloyiso luka-Ahmadinejad ngolu hlobo:
"Abagcini be-conservatives baphumelele ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba bagcina isiseko sabo se-25%; ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba baqeshe amaqhawe emfazwe ukuba aqhube njengabagqatswa babo; ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba baxosha abazimeleyo kumbandela wokhuseleko lwesizwe; kodwa inxalenye enkulu ngenxa yokuba inani elikhulu labasetyhini, Abafundi beekholeji, kunye namanye amalungu akumgangatho ophakathi afumana imivuzo ahlala ekhaya. Ukuvota kunyulo lwe-Majles lwehle lwangaphantsi kwe-51% - enye yezona zibi kakhulu ukusukela kwi-revolution. E-Tehran, yehle ukuya kuma-28%. (ukusuka Apha)
I-Green Movement yazalwa emva kweminyaka emine yobongameli buka-Ahmadinejad. Iminyaka emine yokubanjwa kwamalungelo abasetyhini, abasebenzi, ootitshala, iimanyano zabasebenzi, iibloggers kunye nabanye abalweli bezopolitiko. Amaxabiso okutya nezindlu enyuke enyuka. Abasebenzi abaninzi bebengafumani ntlawulo kangangeenyanga eziliqela, banyanzelwa ukuba basebenze ngokungesosigxina endaweni yokuba basebenze ngokusisigxina, yaye amashishini amancinane aye atshona ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo egqugqisayo yokuthengisa izinto zabucala, ukungeniswa kweemveliso ezinexabiso eliphantsi, ukuphathwa gwenxa kukarhulumente, nokuba ngqwabalala. Izohlwayo zezoqoqosho ezibekwe kubantu base-Irani. Imigaqo-nkqubo yezopolitiko ka-Ahmadinejad yayinomdla wokudala ingxaki yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuphikisana, umz., amandla enyukliya kunye ne-Israel-Holocaust ehambelana ne-slogans ukugubungela ukusilela ekhaya kunye nokuphazamisa ingqalelo kutshaba oluqhelekileyo lwangaphandle. Abasetyhini baphinde bajoliswa kwimikhosi yaseburhulumenteni ngenxa yokungabi "ne-Islamic" impahla eyaneleyo okanye ukubonakala. Abasebenzi babengenalungelo lokuqhankqalaza ngoxolo. Umzekelo, ngo-2007, abaqhubi beebhasi ababegwayimbile bahlaselwa kwaye abaninzi babanjwa. Omnye umzekelo yayiluhlaselo kunye nokubanjwa kwabasebenzi abaninzi base-Afghan nabase-Irani ngexesha loqhanqalazo lwe-May Day ka-2009. Ngeli xesha ootishala kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi ezifana no-Mahmoud Salehi, uMansour Osanloo, njl. U-Mohammad Maljoo uyacacisa ukuba:
"Emva kokuba u-Ahmadinejad ethathe amandla, isenzo esihlangeneyo sabasebenzi base-Iranian siye sancipha, nangona ukunganeliseki okuxhaphakileyo kuqoqosho. -intshukumo.Yintoni echaza ukuhla kwentshukumo yezabasebenzi?Ukuzibophelela kwabantu abasebenzayo ekulandeleni iimfuno zabo ezihlangeneyo akukhange kuphawulwe, kodwa phantsi kwe-Ahmadinejad, amathuba ezopolitiko oqhanqalazo oluhlangeneyo aye athintelwa kakhulu. abantu abangoontamo-lukhuni bazimisele ngakumbi kunabanduleli babo ukusebenzisa amandla karhulumente ukophula iintshukumo zabasebenzi. Ulungelelwaniso olusalindileyo kumthetho olawula ubudlelwane phakathi komsebenzi nomqeshi lubonakala luphembelela ibala lokudlala ngakumbi kulawulo." Apha)
Ngethemba kuyacaca ukuba abo badaniswa ngabahlaziyi, bevela kuzo zonke iindawo zodidi lwentlalontle, abanakukwazi ukuxhasa u-Ahmadinejad ngo-2009 kunyulo lukaJuni.
Enye yeendlela ezintsha zolawulo oluchasene nabasebenzi base-Ahmadinejad kukwanda kwabasebenzi bexeshana njengoko inqaku likaConn Hallinan lichaza:
โElinye icebo lomqeshi kukwandisa inani โlabasebenzi bokwexeshana.โ Ngokutsho kuka-Amin, โixesha lexeshaโ ngoku limele abasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-60 ukusa kuma-70 ekhulwini. Umbutho wabasebenzi uzama ukuququzelela ezi ' temps,' isenzo esiyingozi kwimeko yangoku eyenziwe ngurhulumente. 'Sinombuso wamapolisa kwaye asikwazi ukuzilungiselela,' utsho. Funda ngokugqithisileyo Apha.
Ngaphambi konyulo lukaJuni 2009 kunye neziphumo zalo, abaninzi abasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo abanyanzeliswa ukuba bathathe izikhundla zexeshana ngaphandle kwezibonelelo ngexesha lolawulo lwe-Ahmadinejad, kunye nabasebenzi abaninzi abahamba ngaphandle kokufumana umvuzo wabo kwiinyanga ezininzi kwaye babeka umngcipheko wokupheliswa okanye ukuvalelwa entolongweni ngokuququzelela kunye nokuhlawula intlawulo. beqhankqalaza ngokuchasene neemeko zabo zobomi obunzima, baqala ukuqonda ukuba iinqununu zimbi kunabo balwela uhlengahlengiso ekuphumezeni ubulungisa kwezoqoqosho: phantsi kweenqununu isithuba esincinane esivulekileyo sombutho wohlaziyo wavalwa kabuhlungu. Ukuququzelela kunye noqhanqalazo kuya kuba neendleko eziphantsi zoluntu ukuba abaguquleli, endaweni yeenqununu, bangalawula nto leyo enokuthi incede ubutshantliziyo bodidi oluphakathi njengentshukumo yabasetyhini kunye namatsha ntliziyo abasebenzi.
UMusavi wayesaziwa ngokukhathalela ubulungisa kwezoqoqosho. Lo mba kaMousavij, ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, uzalise isithuba esingenanto phakathi kweeklasi zokusebenza kunye nabahlaziyi. Njengoko uPeyman Jafari uye wachaza:
โUkukhethwa kukaMoussavi njengomgqatswa wabavukeli kwaba lukhetho olufanelekileyo. Iinkokeli zombutho wohlaziyo zagqiba ekubeni zingene ekunganelisekini kwabasebenzi. USaeed Hajjarian, ubuchopho bobuchule botshintsho, wavuma ngo-2004 ukuba abaguquleli babenotshintsho. Imele iimfuno zabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi.Emva kokoyiswa kwabo nguAhmadinejadโs populism ngo-2005 abaguquleli baqonda ukuba kufuneka batshintshe.UMoussavi, owayesebenza njengenkulumbuso ngeminyaka yoo-1980 kwaye wayenxulunyaniswa kakhulu nezopolitiko zolingano, wayebonakala eyindoda egqibeleleyo yokuwenza lo msebenzi. Wabamba intlanganiso yakhe yokuqala njengomgqatswa kamongameli ngoMatshi eTehran's Nazi Abad - ingingqi yabasebenzi.Wamkelwa ngengoma ethi "Mir Hossein ghareman - hamiye mostazafan" ("iqhawe likaMir Hossein - umxhasi wabacinezelekileyo"). iphulo lakhe wathembisa "ikamva ngaphandle intlupheko" Kanye phambi konyulo Iranian Labour News Agency yenze uphando olwaqikelela uloyiso 54 ekhulwini Moussavi. Phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba i-71 ekhulwini yeengcali, i-69 pesenti yabasebenzi kunye ne-62 yepesenti yabafundi baxhasa umviwa wohlaziyo. "(Funda ngakumbi Apha)
Abantu abakwinqanaba eliphakathi ababedanelwe ukuba nokwenzeka kohlaziyo olunentsingiselo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo yobongameli bukaKhatami baye bondliwa lulawulo luka-Ahmadinejad lokucinezela iimpahla zabasetyhini kunye namajelo eendaba, ubunzima bezoqoqosho, kunye neslogani yakhe yokuBulawa kwabantu kunye nenkomfa, kunye nokuthotywa kwezizwe ngezizwe. . Abantu bakholelwa ukuba iingxelo zika-Ahmadinejad ezinomdla ziphembelela ipropaganda yomatshini wama-impiriyali, abathandi bokufudumala, kunye nabo bathanda izohlwayo zezoqoqosho kubantu base-Irani. Ngaloo ndlela ngenxa yokusinda koluntu lwase-Iran, elinye ithuba lanikwa abo balwela uhlaziyo ngexesha lonyulo lukaJuni 2009 ngaphandle kokusilela kohlaziyo ekupheleni kwekota yesibini yobongameli bukaKhatami.
I-Green Movement yaqalwa kunyulo olwaluphikiswana olwalujonge ukushenxisa ngokupheleleyo abaguquleli emagunyeni (qaphela ukuba abasemagunyeni baqalisa ukubamba abaguquleli phambi kokubhengezwa kweziphumo zonyulo). Iinkokeli ezicingelwayo zeGreen Movement ngumongameli wangaphambili, u-Mohammad Khatami, kunye nababini babaviwa be-2009, uMousavi kunye noKaroubi, abavunyiweyo ukuba bakhuphisane kunyulo lukamongameli ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo karhulumente. Ngenxa yengcinezelo yelizwe, andiqondi ukuba bekukho enye indlela yokuba abantu base-Irani benze intshukumo yobulungisa. Andiqondi kananjalo ukuba umbutho wabantu, owaziwa ngokuba yiGreen Movement, unokuvela ngokulula namanani angengawo karhulumente njengeenkokeli zawo kuba, okokuqala, uninzi lwamatsha ntliziyo namaqela angengawo karhulumente atyunyuziwe, okwesibini, ngenxa yokuba bebeya kuthi. lula ukutshutshiswa kwaye inyanyaniswe namaqela ezopolitiko angavumelekanga kunye neearhente zangaphandle ngurhulumente. Masizikhumbuze ukuba ngayo yonke imiqathango ye-semi-legal Movement, ngaphezu kwe-100 abaqhankqalazi baye babulawa kwaye amawaka abanjwe kwaye aqhubeka ebanjwa.
Abantu abakwiGreen Movement bazama ukukhulisa ngokucothayo intshukumo ekhula ngaphakathi kwimeko-bume ephakathi kwezomthetho ukuze baqale batyhale abo babesakuba ngabahlaziyi abasemthethweni ukuba bathathe amanyathelo anenkqubela phambili malunga neziganeko zangoku nezembali (umzekelo, UMousavi ukugxekile ukubulawa kwamatshantliziyo amane e-Kurdish socialist kunye nebanjwa lezopolitiko laseShiraz.kwaye uKaroubi wayichaza loo nto wayeza kukhusela amalungelo amabanjwa ezopolitiko abuMarx ekubeni iMarxism ayisosizathu sokungawakhuseleli amalungelo abo okanye ukungabandwendweli), okwesibini ukufumana ngokuthe ngcembe iinkokeli ezintsha kunye namanani avela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zabemi abaqhelekileyo kunye nemibutho yoluntu eIran, okwesithathu ukuqhubela phambili ukwenza ipolitiki kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zoluntu. (abathe basuswa kwipolitiki ngenxa yeminyaka engama-30 yengcinezelo nobunzima bezoqoqosho kurhulumente) ngokunika ulwazi ngobundlobongela obusenziwa ngurhulumente kubantu abamsulwa, okwesine kuxoxwe ngeentetho ezahlukeneyo zodidi lwentlalontle, isini, uhlanga kunye neenkolo zabantu abancinci, njalo njalo. intshukumo, kwaye okwesihlanu ukuba kube kanye ukudibanisa abantu emva kokwahlulwa kwabo ngurhulumente ukuba ngaphakathi vs. abangaphandle, revolutionary vs. counterrevolutionary, Islamic vs. un-Islamic, amahlwempu vs. izityebi, njalo njalo. Nditsho nabaphembeleli bezopolitiko abahlala ngaphandle kwe-Iran baye bahlangana, ngaphandle kobudlelwane babo bezopolitiko, phezu kwedemokhrasi kunye nobulungisa e-Iran.
Ngeli xesha, abo bagxeka uhlengahlengiso lwemeko yezoqoqosho-kwezopolitiko abaxhasa intshukumo yabantu baseIran kubulungisa kufuneka, ngoncedo lwemozulu ekhoyo ngoku esemthethweni kunye nezopolitiko zoluntu, bazise ngokuphandle iintetho eziqhubela phambili ngakumbi kwintshukumo kwaye bancede iiklasi zabasebenzi kwaye izizwana-zenkolo ezincinci ukuvakalisa iimfuno zabo ezihlangeneyo kwintshukumo. Iiklasi zokusebenza bezitsala nzima phambi kokuba kuzalwe iGreen Movement. Njengoko uJamshid Asadi uye wachaza: "Kwenzeka njani ukuba [ubukho babasebenzi kwi-Green Movement] bungabonakali? Ngaba abasebenzi baseHaft Tapeh mveliso yeswekile kunye namalungu e-Vahed Bus Company Union ayengasebenzi kwiminyaka yamuva nje? Ngaba uMansour Osanlou, umongameli wekomiti elawulayo yeNkampani yeVahed Bus kunye nomnye wabalandeli bezorhwebo ababalaseleyo eIran, wayeka ukuxhathisa okomzuzwana nje kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo? Makhe ndinike imizekelo yemisebenzi yentshukumo yabasebenzi ngexesha lika Esfand 1388-Farvardin 1389 [Februwari-Matshi. Ngeli xesha, abasebenzi kwiifektri zaseSimin naseMilad (ii-subsidiaries zeQaemreza Industries) e-Isfahan, iTelecommunications Industries (ITI) eShiraz, Qaemshahr Textiles eMazandaran, eAlborz China eQazvin, kunye nabasebenzi kwezinye izixeko ezininzi badibene. kwaye benza imiboniso yokuqhankqalaza imivuzo engahlawulwanga phambi kweofisi yeRhuluneli kunye namanye amaziko asemthethweni kwizithili zabo.Kwakhona khumbula ukuba ukutshutshiswa kwabasebenzi bezorhwebo kuye kwaqhubeka ngeli xesha - uHomayoun Jaberi kunye noQolamreza Khani, amalungu amabini eNkampani yeTehran Bus Union. imizekelo emibini. Ummeli onyuliweyo we-Kian Tyres ukwalile ukutyikitya ileta yesivumelwano noMphathiswa wezaBasebenzi. Ezi ziimeko ezenzeke kwezi ntsuku ziyi-2010 zidlulileyo โ ndingacaphula ngakumbi!โ (Funda ngakumbi Apha)
Kufuneka sigxininise umzabalazo wangaphambi konyulo lukaJuni ka-2009 kunye nobukho bangoku kwabasetyhini, iiklasi zokusebenza, iimanyano zabasebenzi, kunye neentlanga ezincinci zenkolo kwi-Green Movement, kwaye zibandakanye iimfuno zabo kwii-ajenda eziphambili zentshukumo. U-Mohammad Maljoo uyacacisa Apha ukuba "..ixesha elitsha laqala emva kwe-12 kaJuni. Nangona kunjalo, imbonakalo ayikacaci kwiingxoxo zabasebenzi okanye kwezinye iindawo ezininzi. Olona phawu olulodwa ngeli xesha kukuba izenzo zabasebenzi zibekwe phambili kwi-ajenda kunangaphambili. Phakathi kwabasebenzi kukho ithuba lokusebenzisana nombutho woqhanqalazo wamalungelo oluntu.Isicwangciso sokunyanzeliswa kwenkxaso-mali ekujoliswe kuyo [ukuphelisa iinkxaso-mali ezikhoyo kwimpahla esisiseko negesi-tr], okanye uqinisekiso lwesilungiso kumthetho wabasebenzi. unxulumanisa izenzo zabasebenzi kwintshukumo yamva nje kunye nabakumgangatho ophakathi. Kulo mongo, ukusekwa kwemibutho yabasebenzi eyahlukeneyo kuyabonakala. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kunokwenzeka. "
Kububudenge kwaye akunaxanduva ukutyeshela amandla abantu base-Iranian kwi-Green Movement kwaye bashiye ukuthanda kwabo ubulungisa kungaxhaswanga ngenxa yobukho be-reformist 'hegemonic in the movement. Sidinga ukuxhasa abantu ezitalatweni, iiyunivesithi kunye neentolongo, kwaye siphakamise ulwazi malunga nobundlobongela obungabonakaliyo kumajelo aqhelekileyo, ngelixa kubandakanywa iimfuno zabasebenzi kunye nobulungisa bezenhlalakahle kwiinkcukacha kwintshukumo.
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