Ukulinda i-Palestinian Gandhi: Imithombo yeendaba yaseNtshona kunye nokungabonakali kobundlobongela kwiindawo eziSebenzisiweyo

 

UYohane Petrovato

Ebudeni bentetho yakutshanje kwiYunivesithi yaseOregon, uYuval Rabin, unyana wenkulumbuso engasekhoyo yakwaSirayeli uYitzhak Rabin, wabuzwa enoba wayekholelwa ukuba inkokeli yasePalestina yayiza kuvela ikhuthaza uxolo noSirayeli. URabin wavakalisa ukuthandabuza: "Asinakulinda i-300 ukuya kwi-400 yamashumi eminyaka silindele ukuba iGandhi yasePalestina ivele". Ngokwenza le ngxelo uYuval Rabin uphinda uvakalelo oluphindaphindiweyo lokuba "akukho Gandhi wasePalestina" kwaye abantu basePalestina bathambekele ekubeni noxolo. kwaye basebenzise ukungabikho kobundlobongela njengeqhinga lezikhalazo zabo.Kukholelwa ukuba amaPalestina akhethe ubundlobongela kunye noloyiko ukuzama ukuphumeza iinjongo zabo.

Kodwa ngaba abantu basePalestina bakushiyile ngokwenene ukungabi nalugonyamelo? Ngaba abahlalutyi kwihlabathi liphela balibele ngenene imvukelo edumileyo engenabundlobongela ababeyibhiyozela ngexesha le-Intifada yokuqala? Yaye kuthekani ngokuhlala kwamaSirayeli ePalestina? Kutheni umsebenzi ungajongwa njengendlela yobundlobongela?

Abantu basePalestine basebenzise intaphane yeendlela zokunganyangeki ezibandakanya ugwayimbo, uqhanqalazo, uvukelo lwerhafu kunye noqhanqalazo olunoxolo. Ngelixa i-Intifada yesibini igcwele izehlo zobundlobongela, ukungaxhatshazwa kusasetyenziswa kakhulu. Ewe, akukho veki idlulayo apho abantu basePalestine bengakhange baququzelele uqhanqalazo olungenabundlobongela. Kule veki nje, umzekelo, bekukho uqhanqalazo olungenabundlobongela e-Bal'ein, Beit Sira, nakwiilali zase-Aaboud kwintshona yeRamallah. Zonke ezi lali, kunye nezinye ezininzi, bezinoqhanqalazo loxolo rhoqo kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Kodwa njengoqhanqalazo oludlulileyo, uqhanqalazo kule veki (ngokuthinjwa kwemihlaba yasePalestine yokwakha "udonga lokwahlula") kwahlangatyezwana nobundlobongela bomkhosi wase-Israel. Umkhosi wadubula iimbumbulu zentsimbi ezigqunywe ngerabha (iimbumbulu zokwenyani ezinenwebu yerabha ebhityileyo) ezonzakalise isiqingatha seshumi elinesibini labantu, zadubula irhasi ezintywizisa kwaye zabetha ngokwasemzimbeni zavalela amadoda ali-15. Kakade ke, abantu baseMerika abazange beve ngemiboniso yoxolo ecinezelwa ngenkohlakalo. Abaqhankqalazi abadutyulwa nje kuphela ngeembumbulu zentsimbi ezigqunywe zerabha nezintywizisi, bayabethwa ngeentonga, barhuqwe, babotshelelwe kwiinqwelo-mafutha zabo, baze babanjwe. Ukungazi kwabantu baseMelika kuzo zombini uqhanqalazo olungenabugorha kunye neempendulo ze-violet zikaRhulumente wase-Israel kufuneka zibekwe ityala kumajelo eendaba.
 
Njani kwaye kutheni izenzo ezibanzi kangaka zokungabi nabundlobongela zingabonakali? Komnye, zimbalwa iintatheli zasentshona ezihambayo kwiMimandla yasePalestine. Ngethuba lohambo lwam lokugqibela lweeveki ezi-6 ukuya kwi-West Bank ndizimasa uqhanqalazo olungenabundlobongela, ndakhe ndadibana neentatheli ezivela "entshona" (inkqubo yosasazo yaseCanada isenza uxwebhu kwiindawo zokukhangela). Ngaloo ndlela izenzo zomkhosi wase-Israel ngexesha loqhanqalazo olungenabundlobongela azixelwa ngaphandle kwamaphepha olwimi lwesi-Arabhu. Njengengxelo e-Iraq, uninzi lweentatheli zihlala kwiindawo “ezikhuselekileyo” ezinje ngeJerusalem okanye iTel Aviv kwaye aziboni ziganeko kuqala. Ngaloo ndlela baxhomekeke kwiingxelo ezenziwe ngabasemagunyeni bakwaSirayeli kunye neempendulo zabameli basePalestina.

Enye ingcaciso yokuba kutheni iziganeko ezinjalo zihlala zingabonakali kukuba xa iintatheli zikho kwaye zisenza iingxelo, amajelo eendaba awafane abe nalo ibali. Umzekelo, ndathatha inxaxheba kwisenzo esikhulu esingenabundlobongela esiququzelelwe yilali yasePalestine yaseYasuf kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo apho amakhulu abantu belali baququzelela umzamo wokuvuna amasimi kwindawo eyayithathwa ngokuba "yindawo yomkhosi evaliweyo". Lo "zowuni" yayingumhlaba wasePalestine apho abahlali bakwa-Israeli boyikisa abantu basePalestine ekuvuneni (njengoko babefuna ukuhlohla imihlaba ngokungekho mthethweni ukuze bazuze). Kunokuba abaqeqeshi basebenzise ugonyamelo nxamnye namafama asePalestina, umkhosi wasuka wabala abemi basePalestina ukuba baye apho baze bavune imithi. Ukusabela kunxunguphalo olukhulayo lokujongana nabasemagunyeni bakwa-Israeli (okuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo ngokwenene balawula uninzi lwabantu basePalestina) abahlali baseYasuf bagqiba ekubeni baququzelele uqhanqalazo olungenabundlobongela kwaye bamatshe ukuya kula mazwe axeliweyo. Kwafika abantu abangaphezu kwama-300, kuquka nabalweli bamalungelo oluntu bakwaSirayeli kunye namazwe ngamazwe. Kwamenywa amajelo eendaba kwaye, okwamangalisa ilali, iintatheli zeendaba ze-CBS zeza. Kwimizuzu nje embalwa befikile emasimini, abahlali abaninzi abaxhobileyo bahlasela, bedubula imipu, bebetha abantu, begibisela ngamatye, njl. Xa abahlali babona amajelo eendaba efota ugonyamelo, baphethulela ingqalelo yabo kubo. Enye yeentatheli ze-CBS yathi ikhamera yevidiyo yayo yahluthwa ezandleni zakhe yaza yantlithwa emhlabeni ngummi wase-Israel owathi emva koko wamtyhala. Abantu basePalestine, bazibophelele kolu mboniso lungekho bundlobongela ekugqibeleni baphumelela ngokuqhubeka nokuhlala phantsi bengavumi ukuhamba. Ekugqibeleni umkhosi wabacela ukuba bahambe.

Ngaba olu gonyamelo lwenziwa zizandla zabemi bakwa-Israel abaxhobileyo ngokuchasene nabantu basePalestine abangaxhobileyo abachazwe yi-CBS? Ngaba baxela ukuzibophelela kwabantu basePalestina abaqhelekileyo ukuba babambelele kubundlobongela njengoko abahlali babebabetha ngokwasemzimbeni? Kwakungekho nto ithethwayo okanye ikhankanyiweyo naphina ngesi siganeko kumajelo eendaba ase-US. Umntu unokufumana kuphela ulwazi malunga nesi siganeko kwi-Arabhu kunye neendaba zeendaba ezizezinye.

Ke ngelixa ukungabikho kobundlobongela kuqhele ukwenziwa, uRabin uchanekile kwinqanaba elinye: akukho mnye uGandhi wasePalestine. Kunoko, kukho amakhulu amaGandhi asePalestina. Ngokuchaseneyo nomntu omnye owaziwayo osembindini, baninzi abasekeli bokungabikho kobundlobongela. Ndinikela imizekelo emibini yaba Gandhi abangabonakaliyo endiye ndadibana nabo ngokobuqu: uGhassan Andoni noSherif Omar. 

UGhassan Andoni yi-physicist e-Beit Sahour kunye nomseki we-Palestinian Centre for Rapproachment. Akabhalanga kuphela kwaye wafundisa ngokubanzi kulo mbandela, uye waququzelela iintshukumo kunye nezenzo. Kwakhona waba negalelo ekuncedeni ukuzisa abagqugquzeli bamalungelo oluntu kumazwe ngamazwe kwiindawo eziSebenzisiweyo ukuze babone kwaye banike ingxelo malunga nezenzo ezibi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwizenzo ezingenabo ubundlobongela eziqaliswe ngabantu basePalestina. Umsebenzi wakhe wokukhuthaza ukungabikho kobundlobongela kwimimandla yasePalestina ukhokelele ekubeni atyunjelwe iBhaso loXolo lweNobel kulo nyaka.

USherif Omar, njengamanye amatshantliziyo angenabundlobongela, ungumlimi ohlala kwilali encinci yeWest Bank. Uye wasebenza ngokuzimisela ezama ukupapasha iziphumo ezibi “zodonga” kwiilali zasePalestina kwakunye nokuququzelela ukuchasa ngokungenabundlobongela kulo. Imibhalo yakhe, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nokuzibophelela ekungabini nobundlobongela kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni abantu abahloniphekileyo kunye nabaphathi belizwe bevela ngaphandle befuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nengxabano. Njengamanye amatshantliziyo amaninzi, yena ngokwakhe uya kuphulukana nomhlaba oxabisa amawaka eedola (ngaphezu kweehektare ezingama-50 zomhlaba ophambili wezolimo) kumqobo. Kunokuba abhenele kugonyamelo, umi ngelithi ukuchasa loo migaqo ingekho sikweni kumele kungabi nalugonyamelo. Uye wathi, “sasikade siseluxolweni namaSirayeli yaye ngenye imini siya kuphinda sibe njalo; ubundlobongela abuyi kusinceda ukuba sifikelele kwelo nqanaba”.

Nangona ukungabikho kobundlobongela kuqhutyelwa ngokubanzi kwimimandla yasePalestina kwaye ngelixa iinkomfa ezininzi ziququzelelwe malunga noku, intshukumo enkulu ehleliweyo engabonakaliyo ayizange ivele ngendlela efanayo neyomntu waseIndiya. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokuthi zincede ukuphendula oku. Okokuqala, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, impendulo ye-Israel kwizenzo ezingenabo ubundlobongela ibandakanya iqondo elikhulu lokunyanzeliswa kobundlobongela. Abaququzeleli abangenabundlobongela bayabanjwa kwaye bavalelwe entolongweni iminyaka. Uqhanqalazo olungenabugebenga luhlangatyezwa nerhasi yokukrazula, ukubanjwa, kunye neembumbulu zentsimbi ezigqunywe ngerabha ezibangela ukwenzakala okukhulu nokufa. Ilali ezama isenzo esingenabugebenga ibohlwaywa ngokudibeneyo ngabasemagunyeni bakwaSirayeli ngokudubula iitanki zamanzi (njengoko ndandibonile e Jayyus), ukuthintela abantu abavela kwezo lali ukuba bahambe ngaphandle kwazo, ngokuthintela abantu ukuba bavune amasimi abo, kwaye ngokuthintela abantu ukuba bavune amasimi abo. Uhlaselo lwemihla ngemihla ngumkhosi wamaSirayeli kwiilali zabo. Inyani yeyokuba i-Israel inzima kakhulu ukuba iBritane yayikunye neIndiya ekugxotheni ubundlobongela. Okwesibini, kukho inyani yokuba iIndiya yayinabemi abaninzi ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa neqela elincinci laseBritane elihlalayo xa kuthelekiswa nabemi bakwa-Israeli abakhulu kunabasePalestina. Kwakhona, xa abanye abantu befumana udumo olubi kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokungaxhatshazi, bayabanjwa, bagxothwe, okanye babulawe. Ekugqibeleni, kwaye mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu, amaSirayeli amaninzi ajonga iWest Bank njengenxalenye "yomhlaba wakwaSirayeli". Enyanisweni, kudala bathiya ngokutsha iWest Bank (igama elingekhoyo kwiimephu zakwaSirayeli okanye kwiincwadi zokufunda) iJudiya neSamariya – iindawo ezazikho kwiminyaka engama-2000 eyadlulayo kuSirayeli wamandulo. I-Indiya ayizange ibonwe njengenxalenye yelifa lembali laseBritani njengoko uSirayeli ethatha imimandla yasePalestina.

Yintoni engayeki ukundimangalisa kwiingxoxo zobundlobongela kunye nokungabikho kobundlobongela malunga nongquzulwano lwe-Israel-Palestine kukucinga ukuba u-Israel ulixhoba lobundlobongela kwaye basebenzise kuphela amandla xa kufuneka. Ukushiywa rhoqo kuninzi lwamagqabantshintshi yinto esisiseko yokuba uMsebenzi ngokwawo luhlobo olunamandla lobundlobongela. Lo msebenzi ufuna ukulawula abantu basePalestina ngokukhawulela ukuhamba kwabo, ngokulawula uqoqosho lwabo, ngokuthatha umhlaba ukuze kuphuhliswe iindawo zokuhlala zamaYuda kuphela, kunye nokubeka imithetho phezu kwabo. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa umkhosi omkhulu oye wafunyaniswa unetyala lokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu ngamaziko ezizwe ngezizwe nangokuthimba kunye nokuhlalisa ummandla wasePalestina kunye nabemi bakwaSirayeli (ngaphezu kwama-400,000 abahlali abaye bafudukela kumhlaba owuthimbileyo ngokuchasene nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe). Umntu kufuneka abuze ukuba kutheni kuthe cwaka kwinto yokuba u-Israyeli wophule izigqibo zamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ngokungekho mthethweni uhlala kwaye uhlalise umhlaba wasemzini. Amakhulu eengxelo ezisuka kwimibutho elwela amalungelo abantu ziye zabhala ukuxhatshazwa. Umzekelo, kwingxelo ye-Amnesty International, enesihloko esithi "uSirayeli kunye nemimandla ehlaselweyo: ekhuselweyo ekuhlolweni", umbutho ubhale "imeko eqhubekayo necwangcisiweyo yokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu ngumkhosi wamaSirayeli". Uxhatshazo oludweliswe kule ngxelo lubandakanya, kodwa alukhawulelwanga: ukubulawa ngokungekho mthethweni, ukungcungcuthekiswa kwamabanjwa/ababanjwa, ukutshatyalaliswa ngabom kwezindlu (ngamanye amaxesha nabahlali ngaphakathi), ukwenza ukuba amayeza angafumaneki ngokusetyenziswa kweendawo zokuhlola, ukukhatywa koncedo loluntu. , usebenzisa abantu basePalestina "njengamakhaka abantu" ngexesha lemisebenzi yempi, ukukhusela abantwana kwilungelo labo lokufunda, kunye nokunye. Ngaphandle kolwazi lomlinganiselo wobundlobongela obungaxelwanga kunye nobundlobongela obungaxelwanga olwenziwa imihla ngemihla kubantu basePalestina, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ungquzulwano lwe-Israel-Palestine ngokubanzi, kunye nokuchasana nemigaqo-nkqubo enjalo ngokukodwa.

Kunokuba uxele ubundlobongela obujoliswe kubantu basePalestina abahlala phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zokuhlala kunye neempendulo ezingenabundlongondlongo zamaPalestina ziye zazama, imidiya "yasentshona" igxile kwiimpendulo ezinobundlobongela ngabantu abambalwa. Ngokugxila kubundlobongela obuvela kumaPalestina kunye "nempendulo" ka-Israel, imithombo yeendaba emininzi imele ungquzulwano ngeendlela ezithi yindalo esisiseko yongquzulwano. Imelwe njengongquzulwano olumalunga nokuba yeyiphi na inkolo, njengolunye uhlobo “lwemfazwe yobuhlanga yamandulo” ethwaxa uMbindi Mpuma, okanye, eyona nto imbi kakhulu, “njengongquzulwano lwempucuko”. Oku kuchazwa ngendlela engeyiyo kubonakala kuvumelana kwaye kumxhelo mnye kuba negalelo elingangqalanga ekuqhubeleni phambili kongquzulwano ngokuphambukisa ingqalelo kude noonobangela bokuhlaliswa kunye nokuhlaliswa kwemimandla yasePalestine. Ukungabonakali kwezenzo ezingezona ubundlobongela kunye nokunyakaza kubonisa ukuba luncedo ku-Israyeli kunye nabaseNtshona abakhuthaza ingcamango "yokungqubana kwempucuko". Ukuba ukungabikho kobundlobongela benziwe kwabonakala, kuya kwenza abantu basePalestina babe ngabantu basentshona. 

Ngelishwa, abantu abaninzi basePalestine bandixelele ukuba ukuzibophelela kwabo ekungabini nobundlobongela kungqina ukusilela. Abanakuqonda ukuba kutheni na ngolungiselelo olungaka olungenabundlobongela, ukuba amajelo eendaba aseNtshona asabamele nje njengabanqolobi. Kwaneenkokeli ezinjengoAbbas, ezafuna isisombululo esinobulungisa nesinoxolo, azifiki ndawo. Kungaphandle kolu nxunguphalo, kunye nokukhungatheka ukuba imeko iye yaba nzima ngakumbi kubantu abaqhelekileyo ngexesha "lenkqubo yoxolo", abantu abaninzi bavotela i-Hamas ngexesha lonyulo lwakutsha nje. Emva kokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokohlwaya ngokuqatha ukungabikho kobundlobongela kunye nokungasebenzi kunye neenkokheli zasePalestina ezisebenzela uxolo, abaphathi bakwa-Israel baye bancedisa i-Hamas ekunyuleni.

Ukuphendula umbuzo othi: "Kutheni kungekho Gandhi wasePalestina?" kufuneka ekugqibeleni sigxeke amajelo aseNtshona ngokugqwetha iziganeko zangempela emhlabeni, ngokungaboneleli ngomxholo weengxelo ezenziwayo, kunye nokulahlekisa ngokungenankathalo i-pubic. Le yimiba enzulu yobomi nokufa kwaye ukusilela kwamajelo eendaba ukumela imeko ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka kubonwe njengolwaphulo-mthetho. Kunokuba sibuze, "kutheni kungekho Gandhi wasePalestina?", kufuneka siqwalasele umbuzo obuzwe ngumlweli wamalungelo oluntu wasePalestina, u-Arjan El Fassed: "kutheni kungekho Sirayeli uDe Klerk?"

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