Umthombo: Ukugquma

Nge-25 kaMeyi, ngo-2020, ukubulawa kwamapolisa aseMinneapolis kaGeorge Floyd kwabangela isiphithiphithi esidumileyo kunye noqhanqalazo oluchasene nobundlobongela bamapolisa ngobuhlanga kunye nobuhlanga e-United States nakwihlabathi liphela. Kwabaninzi, uqhushululu-oludityaniswe sisibetho sentsholongwane esingalawulekiyo kunye nengxaki yezoqoqosho emangazayo-ayifani nalo naliphi na ixesha kwinkumbulo yase-US.

Ngethuba lezi ziganeko, amajelo aqhelekileyo kunye nezopolitiko baye banikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiingcamango kunye nemifanekiso yamadoda aMnyama - nokuba njengamaxhoba obundlobongela bamapolisa okanye njengabaqhankqalazi ngokuchasene nayo. Nangona kunjalo abasetyhini abaMnyama, abangaxhomekekanga kangako kucalulo lobuhlanga nobundlobongela, bebesoloko bephambili kumbutho weentlanga ezininzi weBlack Lives Matter Movement iminyaka.

Umhleli onxulumene ne-ROAR u-Eleanor Finley uye wafumana ithuba lokuphonononga ezinye zezi zifundo kunye noGqr. Keisha N. Blain, umbhali-mbali ophumelele ibhaso kunye nomphengululi we-Black feminist kwiYunivesithi yasePittsburgh. UGqr Blain ukwangumongameli we Umbutho weMbali yeNgqondo yaseAfrika yaseMelika (AAIHS) kunye nombhali we Tshisa iHlabathi ngomlilo, imbali yentshukumo yezopolitiko yabasetyhini abaMnyama.

Kudliwano-ndlebe olulandelayo, uGqr. Blain uchaza umsebenzi wakhe kwaye ucacisa ukuba yintoni imbali efundisayo ngalo mzuzu malunga nocalucalulo lobuhlanga kunye nobundlobongela bamapolisa, ubutshantliziyo bamazwe amnyama, kunye nendima ebalulekileyo yobunkokeli babasetyhini kwimibutho yabaNtsundu yezopolitiko.

Okokuqala, ungasixelela kancinci malunga nophando lwakho lokuphonononga indima yembali yabafazi abaMnyama belizwe elifana noMittie Gordon kunye neMovement yoXolo e-Ethiopia? Uza kujongeka njani umzabalazo wenkululeko yabaNtsundu kuMntla Merika ngaphandle kwabafazi bamazwe aMnyama?

In Tshisa iHlabathi ngomlilo, Ndibalisa ibali malunga nendlela i-cadre yabasetyhini belizwe elimnyama, kuquka uMittie Maude Lena Gordon, u-Amy Ashwood Garvey kunye noCelia Jane Allen, basebenze ukuqhubela phambili i-Black nationalist kunye nezopolitiko zamazwe ngamazwe ngexesha leminyaka yamashumi amabini. Njengoko ndibonisa kule ncwadi, imibutho yabaNtsundu yobuzwe kunye neyezizwe ngezizwe ngeyanyamalala yonke ukuba ibingekho ngabasetyhini. Baye bancedisa ukugcina ezi ntshukumo - besebenzela ukugcina ezi ngcamango ziphila kwintetho kawonkewonke. Aba bafazi babeka isiseko sesizukulwana samatsha ntliziyo aMnyama awaphuma ebudaleni ngexesha lamalungelo oluntu-ixesha lamandla aMnyama.

Ngexesha le-1960, abaninzi abagqugquzeli abaMnyama - kuquka u-Ella Baker, uFannie Lou Hamer, uRobert F. Williams, uMalcolm X kunye noStokely Carmichael - bathatha ezi ngcamango zabasetyhini kunye nezopolitiko. Ndingongeza kwakhona, ukuba obu butshantliziyo bezopolitiko basetyhini bubonelele ngesiseko semibutho yangoku efana neBlack Lives Matter, esekelwe kwizithethe zobungqondi zeentshukumo zangaphambili.

Enye yeencwadi endizibhalayo ngoku iyanabisa eli bali ngokuphonononga indima ephambili edlalwe ngamanina aMnyama ekubumbeni imibutho yezopolitiko ye-Afro-Asian solidarity eMelika. Iyelelene kwi Tshisa iHlabathi ngomlilo, le projekthi intsha imisa abafazi abaMnyama njengeethiyori eziphambili kunye neenkokeli kumzabalazo wehlabathi wenkululeko. Kwaye njengoko ubuninzi bomsebenzi wam wenzayo, le projekthi intsha inika umngeni othe ngqo kumabali angamadoda ahlala ewaxelela ababhali-mbali.

Ndizimisele ukubalisa amabali esihlala singawahoyi kwaye ndinomdla ngakumbi ekubekeni phambili izimvo kunye nobutshantliziyo babafazi abaNtsundu abaphangelayo abahluphekayo abasoloko bebekelwa bucala kwezi ncoko.

Uzibandakanye njani ne-Black feminism kunye ne-Black feminist nationalism?

Ndiyababulela abacebisi bam kunye neenjingalwazi. Ndiye ndafunda kwiDyunivesithi yaseBinghamton njengomfundi onesidanga sokuqala, apho ndafumana izidanga kwizifundo zezeMbali ne-Africana. Ndenza uluhlu lwezifundo nabanye babaphengululi ababalaseleyo besizwe. Baye bandikhulisa ngokwasengqondweni kwaye kwakuloo minyaka mine apho ndaye ndaqala ukuqonda ngcono iintshukumo zobuhlanga, isini, kunye neklasi.

Kwikhosi emalunga nemibutho yabaNtsundu yehlabathi jikelele, ndaqala ukufunda kakhulu ngembali yobuzwe abaNtsundu kunye nehlabathi. Ndaqalisa ukuphonononga uncwadi kunye nokungabandakanyi amabhinqa aNtsundu, kwaye ndaziva ndinganelisekanga yimpatho yesini kuninzi lweencwadi kunye namanqaku endiwafundileyo. Ndabhala iphepha lekota yekhosi yabafazi abaMnyama kumbutho kaGarvey ngeminyaka yoo-1920 kwaye elo phepha lakhula laba yithisisi yehonours.

Ukuqala kwam ukusebenzela isidanga sePhD kwimbali ePrinceton, bendicebe ekuqaleni ukulandela uluhlu olwahlukileyo lokubuza. Ukutyelela kwindawo yokugcina izinto kwatshintsha izicwangciso zam kwaye ndagqiba ekubeni ndibuyele kwisihloko esasindithimbile njenge-undergrad.

Ngexesha lam ePrinceton, izimvo zam malunga nobuzwe obuMnyama, ubuzwe bamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nobufazi zakhula ngakumbi kwaye ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni yokwenza olu hlobo lomsebenzi, ndiye ndakwazi ukugqibezela i-dissertation yam, endathi ndayihlaziya kwincwadi. Tshisa iHlabathi ngomlilo. Xa ndicinga ngohambo lwam kule minyaka idlulileyo, ndiye ndaqaphela ukuba ndagqibela ngokubhala incwadi endandifuna ukuyifunda njenge undergrad kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo.

Ingaba ixesha langoku lembali lifana kangakanani - okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, lahluke - ngamanye amaxesha obundlobongela bezopolitiko obuqinisiwe kubantu abaMnyama e-US? Yintoni amaxesha anzima afana ne-1917 East St. Louis "Race Riot" okanye i-1921 Tulsa Massacre kufuneka isifundise kumxholo we-Black Lives Matter movement?

Kukho ungqamaniso oluninzi umntu anokulwenza phakathi koqhankqalazo lwangoku kunye nophuhliso lwembali lwangaphambili. Kutshanje ndibhale malunga ne 1917 East St. Louis “Race Riot” kuba ndiqaphele ukuba ibingafumani ngqalelo ingako kwiingxelo eziqhelekileyo njengolunye uphuhliso lwembali.

Into yokuqala endiya kuyigxininisa apha kukuba akukho nalinye kula maxesha enye njengale nto sijongene nayo ngoku. Ndicinga ukuba sinokubona ukudibanisa - kunye ne-echoes - phakathi kwezi ziganeko kwimbali yase-US kwaye ukwenza oko kusinceda ukuba siqonde ukuba uphuhliso lwangoku luyingxenye yomzabalazo omude wamalungelo aMnyama kunye nenkululeko.

Ugqaliselo kolu phuhliso lwangaphambili lukwasinceda ukuba sibone iindlela ezahlukeneyo urhulumente athe wabandakanyeka kwimiba yobuhlanga nobundlobongela ngokobuhlanga. Ngokomzekelo, kungquzulwano lweMpuma St. Louis yowe-1917, uMongameli Woodrow Wilson wayejonge kwelinye icala njengoko abantu abaNtsundu babebulawa ezitratweni. Kwaye abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abakwazanga ukufumana uncedo kunye nokukhuselwa kunyanzeliso lomthetho.

Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba, nangexesha labo lesidingo esikhulu, abahlali basekuhlaleni abaNtsundu kwafuneka bajongane nenyaniso ebuhlungu yokuba abanakuthembela nakubani na ngaphandle kwabo. Kwaye ke bema kunye bezama ukuthintela amahlokondiba amhlophe ahlasela amakhaya abo kunye noluntu. Abanye bathabatha izixhobo baze abanye balungelelanise ukubaleka esixekweni. Isalamane somnye wamaxhoba e-1917 East St. Louis "Race Riot" kutshanje uye wadlulisela ibali uyisemkhulu awabelana ngalo naye - kwaye leyo yayiyinkumbulo ebuhlungu yokubukela amalungu omthetho ejoyina abo babehlasela abantu abamnyama. . Iimeko namhlanje zisenokungafani kodwa ukufana kwazo kucacile.

Ngokweyantlukwano, ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuqaphela i-demographics yobuhlanga yabaqhankqalazi banamhlanje. Ukwenziwa kwangoku kwabo bakhokelayo kugqatso kum. Umbutho wamalungelo oluntu, umzekelo, ngokuqinisekileyo wawuhluke kwaye sibona ukuba kumaqela afana neKomiti yoLungelelaniso loMfundi (SNCC), intlangano yamalungelo oluntu. Kodwa kwakungenjalo kulo lonke ilizwe. Ukubandakanyeka ngokubanzi kwabantu abamhlophe baseMelika kunye nabase-Asia baseMelika, iLatinx kunye nabanye kuqhanqalazo lwanamhlanje kubalulekile kwaye kugxininisa ukuba kungakanani okutshintshileyo ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960.

Ukufikelela okuncomekayo ngokwejografi kolu qhankqalazo nako kuyamangalisa. Ngaphambili, ukruthakruthwano bekusoloko kuvela kwiindawo ezihlala abantu abaNtsundu - njengoko kwakunjalo kwiMpuma St. Kodwa uqhanqalazo lwanamhlanje luqhambuka kwiindawo neendawo ezohlukeneyo, kuquka neendawo ezifumileyo zabamhlophe.

Le nxalenye yokugqibela ingundoqo kuba ndicinga ukuba ayithethi nje kuphela ngomba weyantlukwano kodwa kunye nomlo wobulungisa kwezoqoqosho - umxholo osisiseko woqhanqalazo lwanamhlanje olungenakuthathelwa ngqalelo.

Ubhale ngokubaluleka kwendawo yoluntu kwimibutho yabaNtsundu yobuzwe. Namhlanje, amawaka abantu abaNtsundu kulo lonke elase-US - bahlala bekhokelwa ngabasetyhini kunye nolutsha - babuyisela izitrato ngoqhanqalazo oluninzi, behlala kwaye bediliza imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yabanikazi bamakhoboka alawula iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kwaye besala ukuthobela ubugrogrisi obungaqwalaselwanga ngamapolisa ngelixa ngokulula. bephila ubomi babo. Ingaba le misebenzi kunye neziganeko ziyilungisa njani imeko yabantu abaMnyama kwindawo yoluntu?

Abantu abaNtsundu baseMelika bebesoloko befumana iindlela zokulawula iindawo zoluntu ukuze bafune utshintsho - nangamaxesha embali yase-US xa ukwenza oko kwakuyingozi kakhulu. Oku kuyinyani ngokuqinisekileyo kubafazi abaMnyama. Ndicinga ngoko nangoko ngoMaria Stewart, umchasi-mthetho kunye nomlweli wamalungelo abasetyhini, owanikela intetho enamandla ngo-1832 eFranklin Hall eBoston phambi kwesihlwele esixubene ngokobuhlanga samadoda nabafazi.

Le yayingeyompumelelo incinane. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uStewart wenze le ntetho ngexesha apho abasetyhini bebengathethi ngokubanzi esidlangalaleni. Kwaye uStewart waba nobuganga bokujongana nezihloko ezaziyimpikiswano ngelo xesha - amalungelo oluntu kunye nobufazi.

Wayekwenza konke oku njengomfazi oNtsundu yaye ngamanye amaxesha ndiye ndizibuze ukuba kwakusenzeka ntoni engqondweni yakhe ngelo xesha. Izigidi zabantu abaNtsundu zazisesematyaleni - ikakhulu kuMzantsi waseMelika - xa wayesenza loo ntetho. Nanjengomfazi oMnyama okhululekileyo ohlala eMantla, wayengenakubaleka ucalucalulo kunye nesini kwaye loo ntetho yayinokuwuphelisa umsebenzi wakhe-okanye ubomi bakhe.

Kwiminyaka emibini kuphela ngaphambi kwaloo ntetho, umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni uDavid Walker, owapapasha umbhalo ovuthayo Isibheno kuBemi beBala behlabathi (1829), wafa phantsi kweemeko ezingaqondakaliyo. Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba wayetyhefwe ngabo babengasixabisi isigidimi sakhe. UStewart ke ngoko wayengayikhathaleli ingozi yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nasendaweni kawonke-wonke ngo-1832, kodwa wakwenza oko. Kwaye wayenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Kuninzi okutshintshileyo eUnited States ukususela ngowe-1832. Kodwa ezinye izinto azikatshintshi. Kuseyingozi kakhulu kubantu abaNtsundu ukuvakalisa izikhalazo zabo kurhulumente esidlangalaleni. Kwaye namhlanje, umngcipheko mkhulu kakhulu kuba abantu babonisa ii-smartphones ezinokuthi zibambe ngokukhawuleza amagama kunye nokufana komntu. Ngomzuzwana ohlukeneyo, ividiyo okanye umfanekiso unokulayishwa kumajelo asekuhlaleni kwaye usasazwe kwizigidi zabantu.

Ngaloo ndlela, ingcamango "yoluntu" iye yanda kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-21 kwaye abaphembeleli ngoku baneqonga elikhulu xa bethetha - kwaye xa besenza - kwiindawo zikawonkewonke. Ngelixa ngokuqinisekileyo esi sisizathu sokuba nexhala kwaye soyike, ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwamatsha ntliziyo luthatha nje ixesha. “Baphosa isilumkiso emoyeni” kuba bayaqonda ukuba imiba abayilungisayo inzulu kakhulu ukuba ingabethwa ngoyaba okanye ibekwe ecaleni.

Ukuthula asiyondlela yokukhetha. Ndicinga ukuba yiloo nto uMaria Stewart awayecinga ngayo ngeminyaka yoo-1830.

Intetho yamajelo eendaba yamazwe ngamazwe igxile kakhulu ekubulaweni ngokungekho semthethweni kwamadoda amnyama. Nangona kunjalo, abafazi abaNtsundu baphantsi kweendlela ezifanayo kunye namaqondo obundlobongela oburhulumente kunye nobuhlanga obukhoyo. Yeyiphi imiqobo ejongene nabasetyhini abaMnyama ngokukodwa xa kuziwa kwinkqubo “yobulungisa” yase-US?

Abasetyhini abamnyama basesichengeni sobundlobongela obumiselwe ngurhulumente. Le nyaniso kufuneka yaziwe ngokubanzi kwaye iqondwe. Kodwa ndifumanise ukuba kwinkqubo yophando lwencwadi ebendiyibhala eyimbali yabasetyhini abaNtsundu beququzelela ubundlobongela bamapolisa abantu abaninzi abangayiqondiyo — okanye mhlawumbi abangayamkeliyo — le nyaniso.

Ngelixa sisazi ukuba uninzi lwabantu abaMnyama ababulawa ngamapolisa eUnited States abaselula, siyayigqwetha ibali xa sisenza kuphela gxila kumadoda aNtsundu. Ngaphandle kwamatyala amaninzi akwiprofayili ephezulu kuyo yonke le minyaka ebeke umbono wendlela ubundlobongela obuvunywe ngurhulumente obubumba ngayo amava abasetyhini abaMnyama - kubandakanya uSandra Bland, uKorryn Gaines, kwaye mva nje, uBreonna Taylor - kusekho umbono phakathi kwabantu abaninzi baseMelika ukuba abafazi abaNtsundu. ngandlel’ ithile bakhuselekile kwisoyikiso sobundlobongela bamapolisa. Iinkxalabo zabasetyhini abantsundu zisabekwe bucala kwiingxoxo zoluntu malunga nomsebenzi wamapolisa.

Ndicinga ukuba impendulo kulo mbandela - okanye ukungabikho kwempendulo - isekelwe kwi-misogyny. Kwaye ndingaphinda ndigxininise a Inqaku elibalulekileyo elenziwa ngumphengululi wezomthetho uAndrea Ritchie kumsebenzi wakhe: “Amava abasetyhini okwenziwa kolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuxhathisa [ayengafanelanga ukuba kufundwe okanye kukhankanywe ngokwembali, ngakumbi xa abo babhala iimbali zethu bekwangamadoda.”

Njengoko ndibhala malunga nokuba sesichengeni kwabasetyhini abaMnyama kubundlobongela obuvunywe ngurhulumente, ndicinga ngale ngongoma rhoqo, enokuthi isetyenziswe kwezinye izihloko kunye neenkalo zophando. Abafazi abantsundu abafumana ubundlobongela obuvunywe ngurhulumente kwaye bafune ulungiso kwiinkundla, umzekelo, kufuneka balwe nentaphane yezinye izenzo zobundlobongela kunye nokugxothwa njengoko bezama ukukhangela inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho “yobulungisa” esele isilela ukuyibona.

Ke, ngeendlela ezininzi, omnye wemingeni yokuqala kukwenza abantu bathathele ingqalelo kwaye bathathele ingqalelo iinkxalabo zabasetyhini abaNtsundu.

Kuyafana nokuba abantu abamnyama LGBTQ. Ukubulawa kwamapolisa kutsha nje UTony McDade, Umntu oMnyama ogqithisayo, umzekelo, akazange akhuthaze impendulo efanayo kunye nengqumbo kawonkewonke eyalandela ukubulawa kwamapolisa kukaGeorge Floyd nabanye. Sivame ukungahoyi abafazi abaMnyama kunye nabantu abamnyama be-LGBTQ kwiingxoxo zoluntu malunga nobupolisa baseMelika. Ndicinga ukuba #AllBlackLivesMatter kwaye #YitshoIgama lakhe amaphulo ebesenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo ukunceda ukutshintsha loo nto.

Ithini indima yobunkokeli babasetyhini kulo mzuzu uvukelo oluchasene nobundlobongela bamapolisa abantsundu kunye nocalucalulo lobuhlanga e-US?

Abasetyhini abaNtsundu bangamazwi aphambili kumzabalazo wokuphelisa ubundlobongela bamapolisa achasene nabaNtsundu kunye nokudilizwa kocalucalulo lobuhlanga. Ngamazwi aphambili ngoku kwaye banawo ebesoloko engamazwi aphambili - ngakumbi kuba ubomi babo buchatshazelwe ngokuthe ngqo bubundlobongela bamapolisa kunye nobuhlanga. Njengoko benditshilo, aba basetyhini basesichengeni sobundlobongela obumiselwe ngurhulumente.

Kukwabalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwabafana abaNtsundu kukubulawa kwamapolisa kuchaphazela ngqo ubomi bala manina. Bahlala benyanzelwa ukuba babonakale, kufuneka bajike intlungu yabo ibe yintshukumo yezopolitiko ukuze bafune ubulungisa koonyana babo, amaqabane, izihlobo kunye nooyise. Nicole Bell, umzekelo, kwavela njengelizwi eliphambili kumzabalazo wokuphelisa ubundlobongela bamapolisa kunye nobuhlanga kwisiXeko saseNew York emva kokubulawa kwamapolisa ngo-2006 kwiqabane lakhe uSean Bell.

Kutshanje, sibone abafazi abaninzi abaNtsundu bekhokela kwinqanaba lesizwe, befaka amazwi abo kuluntu kwaye benyanzelisa ukuba abanye baphulaphule. USabrina Fulton, umama kaTrayvon Martin, kunye neDemocratic Georgia Congresswoman uLucy McBath, umama kaJordani Davis, kunye noLesley McSpadden, unina kaMichael Brown, baye. balekela isikhundla sikarhulumente ngeenzame zokubumba incoko yesizwe kuphela kodwa nefuthe ekuwisweni kwemithetho elawula ukuthotyelwa komthetho.

Okokugqibela, asinakukwazi ukuwulibala umsebenzi wenkalipho wabafazi abathathu abaMnyama abaseki beBlack Lives Matter - ababini kubo bangamagwala. Bambalwa abanokuthetha ngobundlobongela bamapolisa kwinqanaba lesizwe ukuba bekungengomsebenzi woququzelelo luka-Alicia Garza, uPatrisse Cullors, kunye no-Opal Tometi.

Ubunkokheli babasetyhini ke ngoko bubalulekile kwimpumelelo yemibutho yezopolitiko yabaNtsundu yangoku. Asikokubaxa izinto ukutsho ukuba uninzi lwale mibutho ibingayi kubakho ngaphandle kweenkokeli zabasetyhini kunye nendima abayidlalileyo - kwaye basaqhubeka bedlala - ekusebenzeni ukudiliza iinkqubo zengcinezelo.

Ubhale ngendima ebalulekileyo yembali yomanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe lwabafazi abaMnyama kunye namatsha ntliziyo asuka kwiCaribbean ukuya kuMntla Melika naseYurophu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, intshukumo yeBlack Lives Matter iye yabonwa njengento eyenzeka e-US.

Nangona kunjalo, kwiiveki zamva nje, uqhanqalazo luye lwanda kwihlabathi liphela- kukho ungquzulwano oluqatha phakathi kwabaqhankqalazi kunye namapolisa kwiindawo ezazisakuba zii-colonial ezifana neParis neLondon. Ngaba uyalubona umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe lubonakala luvela phakathi kwabasetyhini abaNtsundu kula mazwe?

Ndicinga ukuba i-Black Lives Matter Movement ibisoloko ingumntu wamazwe ngamazwe. Ezinye zezahluko zokuqala zeBLM zasekwa ngaphandle kwe-United States kwiindawo ezifana neToronto, iParis neBerlin. Into yokuba olu qhushululu lubambekayo kwezi zixeko nakwezinye izixeko zibonakalisa impembelelo yala maqela asekuhlaleni nabaququzeleli abebesebenza kumanqanaba asezantsi kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo.

Kwimeko yaseBerlin, umzekelo, abagqugquzeli beBLM uMic Oala, uShaheen Wacker, uNela Biedermann, uJosephine Apraku, uJacqueline Mayen noKristin Lein baye basebenza ngokusondeleyo ukususela ngo-2016. Kwi-2017, basebenzisana ukuseka Iqela labasetyhini eJamani. Njengomsebenzi osisiseko wombhali-mbali uTiffany Florvil ityhila, la matsha ntliziyo akhela phezu kwembali ende kunye nesithethe se-Black radical activism eJamani. Uhlobo lomsebenzi abawenzayo ufana ngokusondeleyo neenzame zamatsha ntliziyo angaphambili afana ne-Afro-German feminist May Ayim.

Abaphembeleli be-BLM eBerlin benze inethiwekhi kunye nabaphembeleli kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi- kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo baye benza izivumelwano ezininzi. Bane ivume esidlangalaleni ukubaluleka kombono wezizwe ngezizwe kunye nokubaluleka kokubona ukuba ubuhlanga obuchasayo bubonakala njani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo.

Kodwa ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba basebenze ukwakha intshukumo ejongene neenkxalabo ezithile zabantu abaNtsundu eBerlin - nanjengoko bevuma ukufana kwamava abaNtsundu okwandisa imida yegraphic. Ndicinga ukuba loo ndlela-ukuhoya iinkxalabo zalapha ekhaya ngelixa ungaze ulahlekelwe ngumbono wamandla amakhulu ehlabathi abumba amabali namava asekhaya nawesizwe-iyasebenza.

Lo msebenzi ubuqhubeka ixesha elide kodwa ndicinga ukuba into etshintshileyo kukuqwalaselwa kweendaba. Amajelo osasazo aphambili namhlanje abhala ezi ntshukumo kwaye anike ingqwalasela engaphezulu kunokuba ayenzile kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Amatsha ntliziyo amnyama asebenzisa ngobuchule eli thuba lokuhoywa kweendaba zandisiweyo ukutyhalela phambili i-ajenda yabo. Bafuna ukuba kupheliswe ubundlobongela bamapolisa achasene nabaNtsundu kunye nobuhlanga obucwangcisiweyo kwinqanaba lasekhaya, lesizwe, kunye nehlabathi.

 

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