Ukujonga okokuqala kwiirekhodi ze-76,000 zokuqala kwi "Idayari yeMfazwe yase-Afghan" ekhutshwe yi-Wikileaks ivelisa ulwazi olubalulekileyo, uninzi lwazo oluye lwaziwa okanye lukrokrelwa ngabahlalutyi iminyaka. Ngenxa yobungakanani bedathabheyisi, kukho into eninzi ekufuneka ifundwe, kodwa nantsi into efunyenweyo ekuqaleni.

Idatha yokwenzakala

Imbono yokuqala yenye yeemfazwe ezixinene kakhulu, njengazo zonke iimfazwe zokuhlala, apho abantu abenzakeleyo baphezulu kakhulu kunezo zabahlali.

Iirekhodi zedatha ye-15219 Afghans yabulawa ekulweni - ezi zihlelwe njengeentshaba ezibulewe kwi-Action, okanye i-Enemy KIA kwisiseko sedatha. Uninzi lwaba babhubhileyo (9652) lwenzeka kwiindibano eziqalwe ngama-Afghans, kunye nenani lesibini elikhulu lokusweleka (3749) lenzeka kwiindibano eziqalwe yi-US/NATO. Umbulali wesithathu omkhulu yayiyi "Hazard eqhumayo", kunye nokufa kwe-1691. Ngokubhekiselele kwindlela abafa ngayo aba bantu base-Afghan, uninzi lwafa kwizehlo zoMlilo othe ngqo (8225), noMlilo ongathanga ngqo wabulala enye i-1345.

Ukuthandabuza ngezi ziganeko kunezizathu ezininzi. Ezi rekhodi zalungiswa ngumkhosi wase-US, oya kuba nomdla ekuboniseni bonke abo wababulala njengabalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubulala i-15,219 yamajoni eTaliban kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5 malunga nama-3,000 ngonyaka. Ukuba iTaliban, eneneni, ithatha indawo yala manani minyaka le, ubungakanani bokwenyani kunye namandla ombutho kufuneka abe mkhulu.

Ngokuthelekisa, i-database irekhoda i-3994 yokufa kwabantu, ichaza uninzi lwazo (2650) kwi "Hazard Explosive Hazard", ininzi yazo ii-IED ezityalwe yiTaliban, kwaye zimbalwa kwi-US / NATO, kunye nokufa kwe-162 okubangelwa "Isenzo soBungane" kunye ne-34 ukuya kwi "Friendly Fire".

Ukufa kwe-US / NATO, apho kwakukho i-1146 (ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sokufa kwabantu kunye nabangaphantsi kwe-1 / 10 yokufa kweTaliban), ivela kakhulu kwi-IEDs (i-694 esuka kwi-Explosive Hazard) kwaye imbalwa kwiindibano eziqalwe yiTaliban (290), kwaye zimbalwa kwiindibano eziqalwe yi-US/NATO (44).

Ipateni yendawo

Ipateni yendawo ibonakala kwimephu yezehlo. Ukukhupha iziganeko ze-3800 ezikhankanya "CF", okanye "i-Coalition Forces", inika ingqiqo yepateni yendawo yonke imfazwe. Ngezantsi, iziganeko zibomvu, imida yesithili emnyama, iindlela eziluhlaza:

Imephu inika isibonakaliso esinamandla somlinganiswa wengingqi wemfazwe. Uninzi lweziganeko zidibene kumazantsi-mpuma, ecaleni komda nePakistan. Qaphela kwakhona inani elibalulekileyo lezehlo ePakistan ngokwayo, ezinokuboniswa kwimephu eyahlukileyo, kwaye ibonisa izehlo eBalochistan, NWFP, kunye neFATA:

Ngaphezulu kwe-3000 ebhekiselele kwiPakistan kwindawo yogcino-lwazi ibonwa apha:

Imfazwe yenzeka ikakhulu kwiindawo zasePashtun zaseAfghanistan nasePakistan. Ngenxa yobuthathaka bezizwe ngezizwe zozibini ezi zizwe zozibini, umlinganiswa ababelana ngazo nabo bonke abamelwane babo (ingakumbi i-Indiya ne-Iran), into yokuba ezinye iindawo zelizwe ziphantsi kwengcinezelo novukelo ngelixa ezinye zibashiya ngasemva iyakhathaza kakhulu. .

Imfazwe yeziyobisi eAfghanistan

Kuyaziwa ukuba imisebenzi yokulwa ne-counterinsurgency ikhuthaza ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi, njengoko kubhalwe kakuhle kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, kummandla wase-Andean, nase-Afghanistan, umzekelo ngu-Alfred McCoy's "Politics of Heroin". Ndabhala malunga noku ndivela ePakistan kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo ("Kwiimfazwe zeDrugs kunye ne-Opium Fueled Insurgencies"). Okwangoku kukho imeko engaqhelekanga ukuba i-US ilwa ngaxeshanye ukulwa nemfazwe ye-counterinsurgency kunye nemfazwe yeziyobisi e-Afghanistan (kwaye ngendlela enzima kakhulu kwaye engaphantsi ngokuthe ngqo eColombia). I-800+ hits kwimiqathango enxulumene neziyobisi (narco, poppy, opium, heroin, drug) zibonwa apha:

Qaphela ugxininiso emazantsi (Hilmand) nasempuma. Ngoku makhe sondeze kwenye yeendawo, enye ibe ngamanqaku asemazantsi:

Iinkonzo zoLawulo lweeNkcukacha zase-Afghanistan (AIMS) zibonelela ngemephu yeendawo ezilinywayo e-Afghanistan. Xa ubeka iindawo ezilinywayo zase-Afghanistan (eluhlaza) phantsi kweziganeko zeziyobisi (ezibomvu) zolu sondeza lwe-Hilmand, ubona ukuba kukho izehlo phantse kuyo yonke indawo elinywayo kule mephu:

Okufanayo kubamba, ngokujonga ngokukhawuleza, kwamanye amaqoqo asezantsi nasempuma. Ukuqaphela imiqolomba enje ngokuba le yi-800/76,000 ebethayo, kwaye indawo eninzi elinywayo emantla ineempembelelo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezinxulumene nemfazwe yeziyobisi, le misebenzi ye-NATO isaya kubacaphukisa amafama ase-Afghan asemazantsi nasempuma, athi kukwalapho imfazwe igxile kakhulu. Le yimimandla yelizwe lonke elinywayo (eluhlaza) kunye ne "narc-opium-drug-heroin-poppy" ibetha ngombala obomvu:

Ngenxa yokuba ibandakanya uhlaselo lwamafama kwiindawo ezinqabileyo zase-Afghanistan ezilinywayo kumzantsi-mpuma, imfazwe yeziyobisi inokubangela uluvo oluchasene ne-US / NATO kulo mmandla, ishiya amafama engenazo iindlela zoqoqosho kodwa akhulise ipoppy kwaye afune ukhuseleko kwiTaliban. Kwicala lase-US/NATO, imfazwe yeziyobisi ibonelela ngesizathu sokubekw' esweni okuneenkcukacha kunye nolawulo lwamaphandle ase-Afghanistan kunye nohlaselo kuluntu lonke ngezizathu zokuba ubomi babo bugcina "ubunqolobi".

izigqibo

Amanqaku ambalwa avela kule datha. Okokuqala, i-US ibisoloko ibango ukuba umdla wayo ophambili e-Afghanistan yayingekuko ukunceda okanye ukukhulula ama-Afghan kodwa yayikukulwa "ubunqolobi" nokuziphindezela ngo-9/11. Phantse iminyaka elishumi kamva, idatha yase-US ibonisa ukuba abantu base-Afghan bancame kakhulu ngenxa yezi njongo zase-US kunokuba iNtshona inalo (umlo we-Afghan we-19213 kunye nokwenzakala kwabantu, i-1146 yombutho wokwenzakala). Okwesibini, imfazwe igxininiswe kwiindawo zasePashtun zase-Afghanistan nasePakistan, kwaye oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kukwahlulahlule omabini la mazwe. Okwesithathu, imfazwe yeziyobisi igxile kwiindawo ezilinywayo zasemzantsi-mpuma kwaye iyaqhubeka. Zombini ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi kunye nemfazwe yeziyobisi ziphembelela insurgency. Kukho into eninzi ngakumbi kwidatha enokuthi ukusebenza ngononophelo ngabantu abaninzi abayifundayo kuya kuyityhila. Kwezona meko zinethemba kakhulu, sinokuthemba ukuba oku kunokukhokelela ekuqwalaselweni kwakhona kwendlela i-US iwaphatha ngayo amazwe afana neAfghanistan kunye nePakistan, ukuba ngenye imini iNtshona inokuhlonipha ulongamo lwamazwe ahlwempuzekileyo.

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