Umthombo: Idemokhrasi evulekileyo
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kwinkulungwane yama-21, abantu abaninzi entshona bafuna ukufumana umsebenzi abawuthandayo. Kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, silindele ukuba olu thando - inkuthazo yethu, ukuzinikela kunye nenkathalo - luya kusinika ukuzaliseka okunzulu, nokwaneliseka ngokuba singoobani na kwaye sibuphila njani ubomi bethu.
Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi kwenzeka okwahlukileyo: umgaqo othi “thanda into oyenzayo” ixhasa ukuxhatshazwa nokuthotywa kwexabiso labasebenzi, kunye nokunciphisa ukhuseleko loluntu kunye neziqinisekiso zentlalontle. Ungawuthanda umsebenzi wakho, kodwa njengoko intatheli yezabasebenzi yase-US uSarah Jaffe esikhumbuza kwincwadi yakhe entsha, ayizukukuthanda kwakhona.
In Umsebenzi awuzukuthanda emva: indlela ukuzinikela kwiMisebenzi yethu kusigcina sixhatshaziwe, sidiniwe kwaye sisodwa, UJaffe uthatha amava akhe anzulu enika ingxelo malunga ngendawo yokusebenza e-US ukuphonononga ukuba kutheni uthando lungeyona nto iyimfuneko yemisebenzi yethu, ukuba yonke imbono "yomsebenzi wothando" isizise njani kumda weentlekele zehlabathi, kunye nendlela singayitshintsha ibe ngcono - ngokulwela amalungelo ethu njengabasebenzi, kunye nokutshintsha indlela uluntu lwethu olulungelelaniswe ngayo ngokwentlalo, kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho.
Yintoni eyakhokelela ekubeni ube nengxaki ngendlela abanye abantu abathanda ngayo imisebenzi yabo kwincwadi yakho ethi, 'Work Won't Love You Back'?
Ndandinamava omsebenzi anzima ngazo zonke iindlela. Kwincwadi yam yokuqala, 'Ingxaki eyimfuneko: abantu baseMelika kwimvukelo', Ndabhala ngabasebenzi - ootitshala, abasebenzi bokutya okukhawulezayo - abaye bathatha amanyathelo ekugqibeleni. La mabali ahlala ejikeleza umsebenzi wokhathalelo kunye nomsebenzi wenkonzo. Kwaye ke ndazifumana ndicinga: "Yintoni malunga nale ngcamango yokuba kufuneka sikhathalele umsebenzi wethu? Isuka phi kanye kanye loo nto?” Kumsebenzi wokufundisa kunye nenkathalo, ukulindela ukuba uya kukhathala ngalo msebenzi kucace kakhulu - kwaye kuyavakala ngendlela ethile. Ngelixa imbono yokuba ungakhathalela kakhulu ngokuba ngumdwelisi wekhompyuter unokubonakala ungaqhelekanga ngakumbi. Yaba yinto ethathwa ngumntu wonke.
Kutshanje ndifunde inqaku elivela kwi-1981 malunga nabantu abasebenzisa i-workaholics, kwaye le yayiyingxaki entsha njani. Imalunga nendlela wonke umntu anokucinga ngayo ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba likhoboka lomsebenzi, ukuthanda umsebenzi wakho, ukubakho ngamaxesha onke, ukungonwabi xa ungekho emsebenzini. Ngowe-1981, oku kwakungaqhelekanga kangangokuba abantu babeyibiza ngokuba linxila. Kwaye ngoku silindele ukuba wonke umntu abe likhoboka lomsebenzi. Le yinto enomkhondo wembali, libali lotshintsho, kwaye lichaphazela izigidi zamava abantu obomi babo.
Uqala isahluko ngasinye sencwadi ethi 'Work Won't Love You Back' ngebali lomntu othile ojongene nobunzima emsebenzini, emva koko ungene kwimbali kunye nentlalontle yaloo misebenzi kwaye ubonise ukuba sibekho njani na apho sasikhona. ngoku. Kodwa isiphelo sebali lakho ngalinye simalunga nokuxhotyiswa. Kwakutheni ukuze uhlele izahluko zakho ngolu hlobo?
Ngokuyinxenye nantsi into endiyenzayo njengentatheli, kukubetha kwam: Ndigubungela umzabalazo wabasebenzi. Kodwa ndandisazi ukuba abantu baza kubuza: ngoku ndicebisa ukuba ukuthanda umsebenzi wakho kubi, siza kwenza ntoni ngayo? Kwaye impendulo ifakwe kwingxelo yale ncwadi. Nantsi into eyenziwa ngu-Anne-Marie [umsebenzi kwiToys R Us] emva kokuba enike indawo iminyaka engama-30 kwaye emva koko ngequbuliso yavalwa kwaye akukho mntu ufumana umvuzo wokuyeka, kwaye wayengafumani nto kwaphela. Wangena kwi-intanethi, kwaye wazibandakanya kolu lungiselelo lwendalo. Kunzima ngokwenene ukuba ngumsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo kwindawo yokusebenzela evalayo. Ungabetha ukuze indawo ivalwe, kodwa hayi ukuyigcina ivuliwe. Ke aba basebenzi baseToys R Us kwafuneka bacinge: singaba nawo phi amandla? Kwaye sinokwenza nantoni na malunga noku?
Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo onokuthi uzenze, kodwa zonke ziya kufuna ukusebenzisana, ukuphosa izandla zakho kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokuyeka kwaye ufumane omnye umsebenzi. Yaye yiloo nto umsebenzi wentetho yothando esikhuthaza ukuba siyenze: ukukholelwa ukuba ukuba unengxaki kwindawo osebenza kuyo, ingxaki nguwe. Kuya kufuneka uzame ngamandla ukuyithanda okanye kufuneka ufumane omnye umsebenzi onokuthi ulunge ngakumbi. Kufana nokuthandana, akunjalo? Yhooo, ndiye ndajola nalomntu, khange iphumelele, so ndizofuna umntu olingana bhetele. Kodwa yindawo yokusebenza, yahluke kancinane.
Bendifuna ukuqiniseka ukuba isahluko ngasinye siyibuyisela kwinto eyenziwa ngabantu ngokudibeneyo, ukubonisa ukuba oku akuyongxaki yomntu ngamnye, ngoko ke ayinaso isisombululo somntu ngamnye.
Kwenzeka njani ukuba abanye abantu ababengenakuzicingela ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba kwezobupolitika baguqule iingqondo zabo kamva baza babandakanyeka?
Kuyaxhomekeka. Abanye baba bantu bakhulele kwiintsapho zamatshantliziyo kwaye babesazi ukuba bazakuba ngamatshantliziyo nabo, kanti abanye babengazange bazicingele ngolu hlobo. Wonke umntu ufika apho ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
'INgxaki eyimfuneko' imalunga neentshukumo zentlalo e-US emva kobunzima bezemali - abantu ababonise ukungathobeli uluntu kwaye babanjwa, abantu abathatha inxaxheba kungquzulwano abangazange bacinge ukuba baya kuba nalo. Ifikelela kwinqanaba lokuba abantu bathathe umngcipheko, kwaye bakuba beyenzile kwaye baqonde ukuba bangayenza, kolu kholo lokuzithemba lutshintsha ubomi bakho bonke.
Andifuni ukuthetha ukuba ihlala ingummangaliso kwaye ilungile, kodwa kuyamangalisa ukubona abantu abathi: "Wow, oku kwatshintsha ngokwenene indlela endibona ngayo ihlabathi", emva kokuthatha ingozi.
Ngaba "uthando olwenzayo" luyinto entsha, okanye ngaba "uthando" luhlala lukhona emsebenzini? Okanye mhlawumbi kukho into phakathi?
Kukho amacandelo athile omsebenzi - njengomsebenzi wabasetyhini ongahlawulwayo kunye nobugcisa - ekudala sicinga ukuba uya kwenziwa ngothando, uthando kunye nenkathalo. Ukufundisa, kunye neminye imisebenzi, nayo yaqwalaselwa ngaphandle “komsebenzi wokwenyani”. Kwaye into yokuba loo misebenzi ingaqwalaselwanga njengomsebenzi ithetha ukuba intembeko yokusebenza ayakhelwanga malunga nolu hlobo lomsebenzi. E-US, esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni zonke iinkalo zomsebenzi zishiywe ngaphandle kukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, kuba azijongwa njengomsebenzi ngokwenene. Kwaye kwenzeka ntoni njengoko i-deindustrialization iqala.
'Kutheni uMsebenzi ungakuthandi emva' ibhalwe kwaye ixelwe e-US, eCanada nakwintshona yeYurophu. Njengoko iifektri zihamba, ziyancipha, zikhutshelwa ngaphandle, icandelo lokhathalelo kunye neenkonzo iphakama ukuphendula. Oku kukutshintsha koqoqosho olugxile kwimveliso yamadoda, ebesicinga ukuba ngumsebenzi onazo zonke izinto ezintle nezimbi ezibandakanya ukukhathalela umsebenzi, ekufuneka wenziwe ngothando hayi imali, kuba ayisebenzi nyani. .
Siphila kwihlabathi eliyilelwe ukudala ixabiso lenkunzi. Kuthekani ukuba asizange senze njalo? Kuthekani ukuba besiphila kwihlabathi elenzelwe ukuba abantu bonwabe?
Kwenzeka into efanayo ngomsebenzi wokudala. Endaweni yokuba ubuntatheli, umzekelo, buthathwe njengenkonzo yoluntu - oko kukuthi, idolophu nganye inephephandaba, kwaye iintatheli zengingqi ziya kuba ziphuma kuloo dolophu, kwaye ziya kunika ingxelo ngayo, kwaye ziya kubhala. malunga nezopolitiko zelizwe ngokusebenzisa ilensi yephepha labo lasekhaya - ngoku ngabantu abafana nam abasebenza kwiimagazini, ezizimveliso zodidi oluphezulu.
Iimeko kushishino zitshintshile ngokufanelekileyo. Yile nto ngokubanzi ndicinga ukuba yenzeke. Utshintsho kwindlela yokusebenza luvela kutshintsho kwimilo yobukhapitali. Ulonwabo emsebenzini luqala ukuba luhlobo lwento eyimfuneko ekufuneka sikholwe kuyo. Konke oku kukuncamathisela nje isigqubuthelo solonwabo kwi-neoliberal capitalism, eyona nto isiya isiba mbi ngakumbi kubantu abaninzi ngokwenene.
Njengoko isiya isiba mandundu, uxinzelelo lokuyithanda luyanda. Kuvunywa ngokubanzi, umzekelo, ukuba iAmazon yindawo eyoyikisayo yokusebenza, kubasebenzi bekhola emhlophe kunye neblue collar. Akukho nanye kwizinto zikaGoogle noFacebook ezizama ukwenza umsebenzi ube mnandi kwaye ube mnandi. IAmazon ithe ngqo: "Kuyathandeka ukusebenza apha kwaye kufanele ukuba uyayithanda." Ndiyathemba ukuba sisiphelo, incopho yomsebenzi wothando athi iAmazon: "Siza kukwenza uphise ezibhotileni kwaye uyithande." Le yinguqulelo ye-S&M yomsebenzi wothando.
Ngaba ‘ukuthanda oko ukwenzayo’ lilungelo ngoko? Ubuncinci wenza into oyithandayo kwaye enomdla kuwe.
Xa kuthelekiswa nomntu osebenza kumzi-mveliso wempahla e-Bangladesh onokuwela kuwe nangawuphi na umzuzu, kulungile kakhulu, ngokupheleleyo. Andifuni kubuyela kwiitafile zokulinda, nto leyo endayenza iminyaka esibhozo ngaphambi kokuba ndibe yintatheli. Kwaye andifuni ukuya kusebenza kumzi-mveliso waseAmazon okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla yaseAmazon. Kwaye andifuni ukuya kusebenza kwiiofisi zekhola ezimhlophe zaseAmazon, kuba ezo zivakala njengesihogo.
Ingongoma ikukwenza abantu bacinge ngomsebenzi ngendlela engafuni ukuba siwuthande. Ukuba sixela kwangaphambili uhlalutyo lwethu lokuphucula umsebenzi wokufumana abantu kwimisebenzi abayithandayo, kuya kuhlala kukho umsebenzi ongathandekiyo, kodwa kusafuneka wenziwe.
Zeziphi izinto esinokuzenza ukuze senze umsebenzi ube ngcono? Nokuba wenza ntoni na, nokuba uyayithanda okanye awuyithandi, kukho izinto ezifunwa ngabantu kwaye bazifunayo ezenza umsebenzi wonwabe ngakumbi: ukuzimela ngakumbi, ukukwazi ukuncokola nomntu osecaleni kwakho ngelixa Umgca wendibano okanye ngelixa uthatha izinto eAmazon, kwaye ungangxoliswa ngenxa yoko. Nayiphi na kwezi zinto esinokucinga ngazo ngaphandle kokufuna ukubhenela kuyo, njengokuthi, "Owu, vele ufumane umsebenzi owuthandayo", kuba iAmazon ingumnini wesiqingatha sehlabathi, ngoko ke ukuxelela wonke umntu ukuba ayeke akuyi kusombulula ingxaki.
Singazibekela usukelo lomsebenzi ongasekelwanga ekwenzeni abantu bawuthande, kodwa osekelwe ekunikeni abantu amalungelo asisiseko nesidima kunye nokukwazi ukuthi “hayi”. Ingqikelelo ethi 'wuthande umsebenzi wakho' ifihla into yokuba umsebenzi awuthandeki ngokwemvelo kwaye abantu abasebenzi ukuze bafumane imincili kunye nomdla. Abantu basebenza kuba kufuneka, kwaye sihlala sizama ukufumana eyona ndlela incinci yokwenza, kodwa oko akusoloko kusenzeka. Ngoko siyenza njani ukuba ingabi lusizi kumntu wonke?
Asiyi kuyicombulula loo ngxaki ngokuziva sibuhlungu ngenxa yokuba sinelungelo. Siyicombulula loo nto ngokuthatha ubumbano nzulu kwaye siqonde iindlela esixhatshazwa ngazo sonke ngokweenkcukacha zazo, kodwa nakwimeko ebanzi, ngokubanzi yokudala ixabiso lemali – kwaye mhlawumbi kufuneka siyeke.
Kodwa kusekho imisebenzi esiyithandayo kunye nemisebenzi esingayithandiyo.
Kukho i-tension, i-dialectic ekufuneka silwe nayo. Sinokuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wehlabathi apho umsebenzi ongcolileyo usasazwa khona. Kuthekani ukuba endaweni yokuba umsebenzi wam ube kukucoca izindlu zangasese yonke imihla umsebenzi wam kukucoca izindlu zangasese kanye ngenyanga kwaye wonke umntu uneshifti yokucoca izindlu zangasese kanye ngenyanga? Kunokuba abanye abantu bagwetywe ubomi besenza umsebenzi okhohlakeleyo singakwazi ukwahlula-hlula ukuze wonke umntu afumane ithuba lokwenza umsebenzi okhohlakeleyo - kuba wonke umntu kufuneka. Kwaye ke omnye umsebenzi, eminye yayo engasafuni kuba ngumsebenzi.
Ngoku siphila kwihlabathi elenzelwe ukudala ixabiso lenkunzi. Kuthekani ukuba asizange senze njalo?
Inxalenye yomngeni kukuba yonke into ibanjwe 'ngumsebenzi'. Ukuba ufuna ukubhala inoveli, kufuneka ufumane indlela yokuyenza ihlawule okanye ufumane enye indlela yokuziphilisa kwaye uyenze ecaleni. Ndixakeke kakhulu ngamaziko obugcisa oluntu ukusuka kwixesha le-New Deal [ngexesha le-1930s Great Depression e-US]. Babekuyo yonke ingingqi, kwaye oko kwakuthetha ukuba wonke umntu wayenokwenza ubugcisa. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube nguJackson Pollock kwaye uhlawulwe ngayo ukuze ifikeleleke kuye wonke umntu.
Endaweni yokuba umhlaba wobugcisa ube yinto apho iqaqobana labantu abanethamsanqa kakhulu lifumana ukuziphilisa kulo, kwaye neqaqobana labanye abantu lifumana ukwenza imisebenzi ekhohlakeleyo, exhatshaziweyo, kodwa basayila ngandlela thile, kwaye ke izigidi ze abanye abantu bavalelwe ngaphandle kuyo ngokupheleleyo, kuthekani ukuba sisasaza ngokwahlukileyo oko ukuze ube nokufikelela kuyo kwaye akufuneki ibe ngumsebenzi wakho?
Ngoku siphila kwihlabathi elenzelwe ukudala ixabiso lenkunzi. Kuthekani ukuba asizange senze njalo? Kuthekani ukuba besiphila kwihlabathi elenzelwe ukuba abantu bonwabe?
Apha sibuyela kulo mbuzo wehlabathi jikelele: singawutshintsha njani?
Ngumceli mngeni lowo. Ngokuqinisekileyo inokuba mbi ngakumbi, kodwa into yokuba iya kutshintsha ayifuni mpikiswano. Ke umbuzo ekufuneka sikhuphisane nawo ngowokuba, kufuneka itshintshe kweliphi icala kwaye isenzela bani? Kulapho kuthethwa ngemiba yomanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Kulapho ukuthetha ngazo zonke ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zemisebenzi, kunye nendlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo abangqongileyo, ibalulekile.
Abalinganiswa abaphambili kwincwadi yakho ngabasetyhini bonke, ngaphandle kwendoda enye, umdwelisi wenkqubo. Kutheni le nto incwadi yakho ikakhulu imalunga nabasetyhini?
Andenzanga ngabom ngokwenene – nangona ngaxesha lithile, ndagqiba ekubeni ndizibophelele kuyo. Umlingiswa wesini wawo wonke lo msebenzi bullshit. Kukho amadoda amaninzi anokukwazi ngokugqibeleleyo ukwenza umsebenzi okhathalayo. Kwaye baninzi abafazi abakwinkqubo, nangona bengebaninzi njengoko besinokuthanda. Le nto ndithetha ngayo lutshintsho emsebenzini oluye lwenzeka ubukhulu becala njengoko amanina ebesiya emsebenzini ohlawulayo, ngoko ke libali elimalunga namanina.
Bonke abantu abasencwadini yakho bakhe baxelelwa oku: ‘Le nto uyenzayo ayingomsebenzi wokwenene, ngoko kutheni ufuna ukuba uhlawulwe? Kutheni ufuna amalungelo akho akhuselwe?' Ndiyazibuza ukuba oku kuhla kwexabiso kudityaniswa njani 'nokuthanda into oyenzayo' kunye nobuni bemisebenzi oyichazayo.
Oku kuthotywa kwexabiso le uphawu lomsebenzi wabasetyhini, akunjalo? Yile tautology: singabafazi kuba siyakhathala kwaye siyakhathala kuba singabafazi. Imisebenzi yabasetyhini ihlawulwa kancinci kuba iyimisebenzi yabasetyhini. Xa inani elikhulu labasetyhini lingena kwicandelo, imivuzo yalo iyehla; xa abantu abaninzi befudukela entsimini, umvuzo uyenyuka. Nakwimimandla efana nokonga apho kusengama-90% abasetyhini, abongikazi abangamadoda bahlawulwa ngaphezulu. Ukuthotywa kwexabiso kubuyela emva ekuchongeni abantu basetyhini njengabantu abaza kwenza imisebenzi emakhayeni esingazukubabiza ngokuba “ngumsebenzi”. Kodwa ngumsebenzi, kwaye kufuneka uxatyiswe ngolo hlobo – kwaye awuphathwa ngokungathi yinto nje yendalo eza lula kwabasetyhini, kuba ayenzi njalo.
Ulibona njani ikamva lomsebenzi wothando?
Ngethemba singayitshabalalisa. Ndivakalelwa kukuba le ncwadi iphume ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, abasebenzi kumacandelo angenzi nzuzo, ubuntatheli, ubugcisa kunye nemyuziyam, bebeququzela oko kuphambene. Ke kuninzi lwezi ndawo zahlukeneyo apho sibona eli bali malunga nomsebenzi wothando lisasazwe ngamandla, kukho ukutyhala ngakumbi nangakumbi kubasebenzi. Ndicinga ukuba ifikelela kwinqanaba apho kuye kwacaca ebantwini ukuba umsebenzi awumnandi, ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuncanca, nokuba ufumana umsebenzi owunqwenelayo. Kwaye ayizukubangcono ngokuyeka umsebenzi omnye ukuya kolandelayo – kufuneka ibengcono kwinqanaba elibanzi, lezopolitiko.
Kwanangaphambi kwe-COVID-19, umsebenzi wawusiba mandundu. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo sibone intswela-ngqesho yexesha elide ukunyuka e-US – kwaye xa bebaninzi abantu abangasebenziyo, umphathi wakho angasoloko ekuxelela, “Ke, ukuba awuyithandi, ungayincamathela kwaye siya kuqesha omnye umntu”. Umsebenzi uzakuqhubeka ubambi de siyeke ukuyiyeka ibe worse.
Ikamva liyasondela ngokusondela.
My umhlobo unothotho lweetweets apho avele athumele "ikamva litya" kunye nenqaku elithile malunga neteknoloji. Ndiziva njalo kule mihla. Zonke ezi zinto sasithenjiswe ngazo, azikho apha – okanye ukuba zilapha, ziyafunxa. Mhlawumbi sisagwetyiwe, kodwa mhlawumbi izinto ziya kuba ngcono?
U-Natalia Savelyeva uphumelele kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State ngo-2007. Ufumene izidanga zakhe ze-Master kwi-French University College eMoscow (2010) nakwiYunivesithi yaseYurophu eSt. Petersburg (2014). U-Natalia wakhusela i-PhD yakhe kwi-2016 kwi-Institute of Sociology ye-Russian Academy of Science. UNatalia ulilungu leLebhu yoLuntu lweSociology – iprojekthi edibanisa abafundi abancinci abafunda ngemibutho yoqhanqalazo kumazwe asemva kweSoviet. Ngo-2017-2019 wayengunjingalwazi oncedisayo kwiSikolo seZifundo eziPhambili kwiYunivesithi yaseTyumen, eRashiya. Iinkalo zakhe eziphambili zokufunda zezi: iintshukumo zoqhanqalazo kunye neengxabano zemfazwe kwindawo yasemva kweSoviet; ixesha kunye nomsebenzi.
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