โOonyana bethu benze idini lokugqibela, kwaye sifuna iimpenduloโ-Cindy Sheehan on truthout.org
โUbovu obuhle โ unyawo olubiโ
- i-caption phantsi kwesithombe somfazi wase-Iraqi omlenze wakhe watshatyalaliswa ngumgodi wasemhlabeni, kwiwebhusayithi evumela amajoni ukuba atshintshe imifanekiso yabase-Iraqis abafileyo ukuze bafikelele kwimifanekiso engamanyala.
Ukwala ukuthuliswa njengomzali wasemkhosini, ilizwi likaCindy Sheehan elikhaliphile linike ungxamiseko olutsha lokumisa imfazwe e-Iraq. "Umama uCindy" ufaniswe neRosa Parks yentshukumo yokulwa nemfazwe. Bobabini abasetyhini abavunyiweyo ngokubanzi basebenza njengamanani omfuziselo ukunceda ukuzisa ubunzima besiseko esikhulu solungiselelo ukuba sithwale kuluntu.
Nangona kunjalo namhlanje sinombutho ochasene nemfazwe osilela kakhulu ukubonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwemfazwe, kunye ne-patriarchy yase-US okanye ukungalingani kwasekhaya ngokwesini. Ukuphembelela umbutho ngokuchasene nomkhosi ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka sithandabuze indlela yawo yokungakhathali ngokwesini. Ngapha koko, uSheehan wothuswa kumacandelo ombutho obeke phambili ukujonga imikhosi kunye nabanokuthi bagaywe njengamaziko okumelana. USheehan kunye neNkanyamba uKatrina basikhumbuza ukuba njengoko iziphumo zemfazwe zibanzi kakhulu, sinokulindela kwaye kufuneka sijonge ukuxhasa imvukelo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisa.
Kuya kuthetha ukuthini ukubeka kungekuphela nje unyana kaCindy kwindawo yomsindo, kodwa abafazi abafana noSheehan ngokwakhe, njengoomama basemkhosini, abafazi, kunye namaqabane? Ngaba la mabhinqa ngokwawo, ingengawo amajoni kuphela, aye axhotyiswa, aphenjelelwa yaye axhatshazwa? Kuya kuthetha ntoni ukuba intshukumo echasene nemfazwe itolika abasetyhini abanjengoSheehan njengabaphembeleli kunye neearhente ezilwa ngokuchasene noxhatshazo olubachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ngokwabo - hayi nje ngokuma kwimizabalazo yabanye, echazwa yindoda ekhohlo?
Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu olunenombolo lweengcebiso malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwesini emfazweni-ukuqonda njani amakhonkco ayo kunye ne-US patriarchy. Njengoluhlu olubalula "Kutheni iMfazwe iRacist" ejikeleze e-US, ezi zizathu zingezantsi zifumana ukuba kutheni imfazwe kufuneka iqondwe njengokwabelana ngesondo. Olu luhlu lusisiqalo, asifanelanga ukuba luphele, ekunikeni ukuqonda okubanzi malunga nokuba ngubani owenzakaliswa yi impiriyali.
1) Amajoni ayingokuphela โ okanye eyona nto iphambili โ amaxhoba emfazwe.
Ingcamango yemfazwe izukisa amajoni, igxininise ingqalelo yethu kubugorha bawo kunye nokuzincama. Umbutho ochasene nemfazwe wase-US awukhange usinde kule paradigm igxile kwijoni- ibangela umkhethe ngokwesini kumntu obona ukuba uphethwe yimfazwe.
Kwinkulungwane yama-20, ama-90 ekhulwini abo bonke abafa emfazweni ibingabafazi, abantwana namadoda angaxhobanga. Njengoko umsebenzi uqhubeka, baya besanda abafazi kunye namantombazana ase-Iraq abulawayo - kuxelwe "njengomonakalo owenzelwa isibambiso." Iziqhushumbisi kunye nezixhobo zemfazwe zanamhlanje zibulala kwaye zenzakalise abafazi abangalwiyo malunga namanani alinganayo kumadoda angalwiyo - nokuba ngokwembono yase-US, amadoda enza uninzi lwemfazwe yethu ebhubhileyo. Amajoni ayingowo ngokuyintloko aphulukana nobomi bawo kulo msebenzi. Kwangaxeshanye, qaphela ukuba i-impiriyali yase-US ixhamla kwizicwangciso ezithile ezandisa โumonakalo owenzelwa isibambisoโ (njengokusebenzisa umgama omde, izixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu endaweni yeentsana), kuba ezi zikwanciphisa ukufa kwamajoni ethu kunye nokuqhushumba kobudlelwane boluntu. . Umkhwa wokujongela phantsi ubomi beentshaba womelezwa kungekuphela nje ngobuhlanga kodwa neengcinga zesini-imbali yenziwa โngamakhwenkwe ethu,โ kwaye ukufa kwabasetyhini abaziintshaba akuvunywa nokuvunywa.
Ukubeka ukufa kwamajoni ase-US phesheya kwimeko yokufa kwabantu ngexesha lemfazwe okwenzeka ekhaya kubangela enye inguqu kwimbono. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, abasebenzi bemizi-mveliso baseUnited States babesengozini yokufa okanye yokwenzakala kunamajoni aseU.S. Umbhali-mbali uCatherine Lutz uthi, โAmabhinqa angamajoni asebenza kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba okanye kwimizi-mveliso yemfazwe ajongwa njengabagadi okanye abantu abasengozini kunabantu abanxibe iyunifomu.โ Oku asikokujongela phantsi inani lokubandezeleka kunye nokuxhaphaza amajoni anyanzeliswa ukuba anyamezele, kodwa ukwandisa umda wethu wokuba ngubani esibaqondayo njengabachaphazelekayo emfazweni.
2) Ukwenzakala kwezoqoqosho emfazweni kwenziwa mandundu ngoosolusapho kubafazi โ kokubini eU.S. nase-Iraq.
Ngokutshatyalaliswa koqoqosho lwase-Iraq, abafazi kunye namantombazana baye bahlupheka ngakumbi ngenxa yokuswela. Kwinqaku elithi, "Umsebenzi awuyonkululeko (yabasetyhini): Ukujongana 'ne-Imperial Feminism' kunye nokwakha iNtshukumo yokulwa neMfazwe yabasetyhini," ndixoxa ngokweenkcukacha iindlela ezithile zesini kunye namantombazana ase-Iraq athwala ngokungafaniyo iziphumo ezithile zokuwohloka koqoqosho lwelizwe- ukusuka. intswela-ngqesho yehle kakhulu kulwazi lokufunda nokubhala kwabasetyhini.
E-US, abafazi abahluphekileyo bathwala ubunzima bokunciphisa inkonzo yoluntu. Ngokomzekelo, eMassachusetts, abaninzi abafumana iMedicaid, abaphumelele kwiikholeji zaseburhulumenteni kunye noluntu, intlalontle kunye nabafumana inkxaso-mali yokunakekelwa kwabantwana, ngabasetyhini - kwaye zonke ezi nkqubo ziye zajongana nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Uninzi lweentsapho ezihlwempuzekileyo zikhokelwa ngoomama abangenamaqabane.
Ngaphaya koko, i-impiriyalizim inceda ukuqinisa kunye nokwandisa umsebenzi ongahlawulwayo owenziwa ngabasetyhini kwiindima zabo zesini zemveli. Ukhathalelo lwabantwana, ukhathalelo lwempilo, ukwenza ekhaya konke kuya kuba nzima ngaphandle koncedo lwecandelo likarhulumente - nokuba kungenxa yokuwohloka kwezoqoqosho kumazwe ahluthiweyo, okanye ubungqongqo bama-impiriyali kwisizwe esinobundlavini. Ngokomzekelo, njengoko izibhedlele zitshatyalaliswa okanye zingabikho, abafazi e-Iraq nase-US bathwala ngokungafaniyo uxanduva lokhathalelo lwempilo yeentsapho zabo. Njengoko izikolo zivaliwe okanye ukunyamekelwa kwabantwana kungafikeleleki, abasetyhini baxinaniswa ngumsebenzi owongezelelekileyo wokubukela abantwana. Okothusayo kukuba, amazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino aceba ukunyanzelisa i-IMF Structural Adjustment Programme e-Iraq ngenxa yetyala layo elikhulu. Abaphengululi be-Feminist babhale indlela ii-SAPs eziye zonzakalise ngokungafanelekanga abafazi beHlabathi leSithathu kwihlabathi liphela ngokwezempilo, imfundo, kunye nokusebenza kakhulu.
Abafazi base-US abavela kwiintsapho zasemkhosini, kunye nabafazi beekontraka zikarhulumente, baxakwe ngumsebenzi ongahlawulwanga wokubamba usapho kunye de amaqabane abo abuye. Njengeentloko zamakhaya anomzali omnye, la mabhinqa athwala imbopheleleko eyongezelelekileyo yokunyamekela ikhaya nokunyamekela abantwana, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yawo. Omnye umzalwana osebenza emkhosini wathi: โAmajoni anokubhalisa, kodwa iintsapho zawo zibizelwa emkhosini.โ
Ukuba umkhosi uxhomekeke kubafazi abanjalo ukuba "ngooyile oomatshini bawo" ngokugcina isimilo somkhosi bungqinwa kukudala "amaqela enkxaso" kubafazi basemkhosini, nangona kwangaxeshanye kwandisa ukuthunyelwa komkhosi ukuze kumelane nokugqithiswa. Kunokuba agxothwe njengenkonzo nje yabasetyhini abasweleyo, la maqela enkxaso kufuneka abonwe njengenzame zobuchule kunye nokukhuthaza umsebenzi wabasetyhini - kubandakanywa nokusebenza kwabo ngokuchanekileyo, indima ethembekileyo ngokwesondo - ukuba ukusebenza kwemikhosi yeemvakalelo kunye nokungabikho kwemvukelo ngokuyinxenye. uthembele kwi. Ngokucacileyo, iPentagon iphendula ukunqongophala kwayo emva kohlaselo ngokuzoba kwiindawo ezigciniweyo, ukwandisa ukuthunyelwa - kunye nokubeka uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho, lweemvakalelo kubafazi beentsapho zomkhosi. La โmaqela axhasayoโ asisinciphiso esinexabiso eliphantsi lengcinezelo yolwakhiwo kunye nokuxhaphaza, kwimeko enkulu yezinto eziphambili ze impiriyali.
Kwangaxeshanye, i-ajenda yethu karhulumente egqwethekileyo, ebukhali ngeli xesha lokuhlaselwa komkhosi, iintambo kunye nokudibanisa ngokwesini kwezoqoqosho okwandulela imfazwe yase-Iraq. Ngenxa yembali yase-US, ukusebenza kukasolusapho akunakwahlulwa kucalucalulo olwalukho ngaphambili. Ukuvalelwa ngobuhlanga okujoliswe ngokungafanelekanga kuluntu oluntsundu komeleza umsebenzi ongahlawulwayo wabasetyhini abantsundu abakhokela amakhaya angatshatanga - nanjengoko abafazi abakwintlalontle bekhutshelwa ngaphandle kwemisebenzi endilisekileyo. Abafazi bama-Arabhu, ama-Asiya aseMzantsi, amaSilamsi, kunye nabasetyhini abasuka kwamanye amazwe baxinzeleleka ngokufanayo kukuvalelwa kwamaqabane abo kunye namalungu osapho phantsi kweMfazwe yobugrogrisi.
3) Ukuxhotyiswa komkhosi komeleza ukurhweba ngesondo kwabasetyhini.
Iingcali ze-anthropologists zabasetyhini ezifana noCynthia Enloe babhale indlela umkhosi wase-US oqhubela phambili ngayo ukuthengiswa ngokwesondo kwabasetyhini kwiziseko zomkhosi e-US nakwamanye amazwe, ukulawula nokukhuthaza uninzi lwabasebenzi abangamadoda. Ukongeza, kufuneka sihlalutye intsebenziswano phakathi koosolusapho basemzini kunye nabomthonyama phantsi kwe-impiriyali ekwandiseni ingcinezelo yabasetyhini.
Ukulandela ipateni ebonwe kwimimandla yongquzulwano eyahlukeneyo ngabaphengululi babasetyhini, abafazi base-Iraq bajongana noxinzelelo olwandayo lokufumana ukutya kwabo kumadoda ngokwabelana ngesondo. Oku kungenxa yokunqongophala kolunye ukhetho lwezoqoqosho phantsi kohlaselo lomkhosi kunye nobudlelwane obucinezelayo besini. E-Baghdad, ubuhenyu kuthiwa buxhaphake phakathi kokuwa kolawulo lukaHussein ngo-Epreli 2003 kunye noNovemba ka-2003, njengoko abafazi bebehlupheka ngokungafaniyo. Namhlanje, iingxelo ziye zavela kulutsha lwase-Iraq olusebenza kwii-brothels zaseSyria, emva kokufuduka e-Fallujah apho imikhosi yase-US iqalise ukuhlaselwa okukhohlakeleyo kunye nokuhlaselwa kwezixhobo zekhemikhali kubantu. Ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo, kunye nokurhweba kwabasetyhini kunye namantombazana ase-Iraq, babonise ukunyuka okubi kakhulu ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlasela nokuqhubeka. Ngelixa ekuqaleni yayisenziwa ngamadoda ase-Iraqi, olu dlwengulo kunye nokuxhwilwa kwandiswa kukungakhathali kwabasebenzi kunye nokungakwazi ukuseka ukhuseleko - eyona nto iphambili, emva koko, ibikukukhusela i-oyile.
Umlo ochasene nemfazwe wase-US oshiyekileyo wawuneentloni jikelele ungaqinisekanga ukuba ujongana njani nobundlobongela obunjalo, ngokungafanelekanga ezandleni zama-Iraqis kunemikhosi yase-US - singasathethi ke ngokucebisa unyango olwaneleyo olunokuba neziphumo ezithe ngqo kwingxaki, ngaphandle kweefowuni (indoda- led) ukuxhathisa ukuthatha indawo yabahlali. Kodwa ukuqonda okuguquguqukayo kwesini okuqhelekileyo kuqoqosho lwexesha lemfazwe kuya kucinezela isidingo sokubonelela ngomanyano kwiintshukumo zokulwa nokuhlaliswa kwabantu eIraq kumalungelo abantu basetyhini. Umbutho ochasene nemfazwe wase-US ubukhulu becala awukhange uyiphathe inkululeko kubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo njengelungelo lomntu elilingana nemizabalazo yase-Iraqi yokutya, amanzi, indawo yokuhlala, okanye ukhathalelo lwempilo. Ngeli xesha, njengoko umsebenzi uqhubeka, kunye nonxibelelwano olukhulayo phakathi kwemikhosi yasemkhosini kunye nabemi base-Iraqi, ubundlavini bezesondo ngabo bobabini amajoni ase-US kunye namapolisa ase-Iraq phantsi kwegunya lokuhlala bonyukile.
UJennifer Fasulo ungumseki we-Solidarity kunye noMbutho weNkululeko yabasetyhini e-Iraq (SOWFI), iqela lase-US elibonelela ngenkxaso yezopolitiko kwi-anti-occupation, iqela labasetyhini ababhinqileyo e-Iraq. Usikhumbuza ngemeko ethile yezembali kunye ne-geopolitical yomsebenzi, echaza ukuba ungquzulwano luye lwaqinisa intshukumo yezenkolo ekhulayo e-Iraq - echaswa ngabasetyhini base-Iraqi kunye nama-socialists-kuquka amacandelo aqhuba ubundlobongela kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini. Ukonyuka kwe-Islamist fundamentalism kulo lonke elaseMbindi Mpuma ayisiyonzalelwane nje, kodwa ineengcambu zayo kwinkxaso yase-US, ethe yaqesha kwaye yangenisa amajoni amaSilamsi njengenkcaso kwiintshukumo zehlabathi, zedemokhrasi kunye nezobusoshiyali kumashumi eminyaka angaphambili.
4) Umkhosi kunceda ukuqhubela phambili ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo, ubundlobongela basekhaya, kunye nobundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini โ eU.S. nase-Iraq.
Nangona abasetyhini besebenza njengamajoni, umkhosi wase-US ungowakwa-misogynist, iziko labantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo abaxhomekeke kwiingcamango zosolusapho kunye nobudlelwane ukuze basebenze - kunye neziphumo kuluntu olukhulu, kunye namazwe esihlala kuwo okanye iziseko zezikhululo. Ngelixa iingcamango zobuhlanga ezisemva kwemfazwe zihlawulwa rhoqo ngenkonzo yomlomo ngabatsha-ntliziyo, asisoloko siphakamisa indlela le mfazwe ixhomekeke ngayo kucalulo ngokwesini. Kodwa umkhosi kunye nenkxaso yawo yoluntu isekelwe kwimilinganiselo nezenzo zosolusapho ezendele ngokunzulu.
Umkhosi wase-US uqeqesha amadoda ukuba ajongele phantsi, aqonde kwaye athobe iimpawu ngokwesiko ezinxulumene nabasetyhini. Ibumba amadoda ukuba abe yindima yesini yobudoda obunobundlobongela obuchazwe ngokuchasene nobufazi. Ngokuthi 'ubudoda obunobundlobongela' ndithetha indlela yokusebenza ezukisa ubundlobongela njengesisombululo kwingxwabangxwaba - kwaye loo nto ayinakuphendula kwabasetyhini/uluntu 'abakhuselweyo' kuba amadoda/amajoni 'abakhuseli' bakhuthazwa ukuba bangabajongi aba bantu njengabakhuselweyo. iyalingana. Umbhali-mbali olwela amalungelo amabhinqa uCatherine Lutz uthi ukulwa nomkhosi kusifundisa oku, โsiyazingqina size sizihlaziye ngogonyamelo.โ
Elinye ijoni lanikela ingxelo ngoqeqesho lwalo kwinkampu yoqeqesho:
"Ungubani?" โAbabulali!โ
"Ingaba wenza ntoni?" โSiyabulala! Siyabulala! Siyabulala!โ
Ngaphaya koko, amajoni aqeqeshelwe ukuvusa ubundlobongela - ngokwesini esingafaniyo, imbono yamadoda, nokuba amanye amajoni angama-gay kwaye amanye ngabasetyhini. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha leMfazwe yeGulf yokuqala, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya zoMkhosi babukele iimuvi ezingamanyala ngaphambi kokuba baqhushumbise iibhombu ukuze baziqonde. Ukuza kuthi ga ngowe-1999, imifanekiso engamanyala yayifumaneka kwizikhululo zomkhosi, ezaziyenye yezona zinto zithengwa kakhulu.
Umkhosi ufundisa amajoni ukuba afake indima ye-misogynistic yobudoda obunobundlobongela, ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza ngokwasengqondweni. Kwi-Air Force Academy ka-2003, amadoda anikwa iiphetshana โ esebenzisa iidola zabarhafi โ ezifundeka ngolu hlobo, โUvala iFuck Up! Siza kukhusela iMelika. Phumani endleleni yethu, zinjandini ezikhululekileyo!โ Baye baphathwa kumdlalo owawunika imiyalelo malunga nendlela yokuvuselela i-clitoris kunye neengono zowesifazane ukuze akhuphe incindi yelungu lobufazi (ukuba ebengafuni?).
Okothusayo kodwa akumangalisi, ngokutsho kweVeterans Association ngokwayo, ngaphezulu kwe-80 yeepesenti yabasetyhini abasandul 'ukuzalwa baxela ukuba baxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, kunye neepesenti ezingama-30 zokudlwengulwa okanye ukuzama ukudlwengulwa, ngabanye abasebenzi basemkhosini. Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo ezenziwa ngabasebenzi basemkhosini ziyothusa โ kwaye azihoywa ngokwamaziko. Ukutyhubela iminyaka eliqela, intombazana eneminyaka emibini ubudala yadlwengulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngutata wayo woMkhosi woMoya, owamema noogxa bakhe ukuba bamdlwengule. Ekugqibeleni, wavunyelwa nje ukuba arhoxe; namhlanje, kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, ufumana imali yomhlalaphantsi kwaye ulwela ukubanga ugcino lwentombi yakhe. Igqwetha uDorothy Mackey waBasindileyo Thatha Inyathelo Ngokuchasene Nokuxhatshazwa ngaBasebenzi baseMkhosini (STAMP) unika ingxelo yokuba kumatyala angama-4,300 okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa aphetheyo awasiwa kumagosa asemkhosini nakurhulumente, bathathu kuphela abaye batshutshiswa. Kumava kaMackey ngokwakhe njengexhoba lokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo okuphindaphindiweyo ngamajoni, ilinge lakhe lokucinezela izityholo lachaswa liSebe lezoBulungisa njengesisongelo kukhuseleko lwelizwe.
Umhloli Jikelele wase-US uxele ukuba inkonzo yasemkhosini ikhuthaza ngakumbi ubundlobongela basekhaya kunawo nawuphi na omnye umsebenzi, ecaphula igunya lomkhosi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omzimba kuqeqesho, kunye noxinzelelo lokuhamba rhoqo kunye nokwahlula njengezinto. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kwamaziko omkhosi kunye nokungakhathali kubundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini kunokongezwa! Uluhlu lokuhlola olusetyenziswa ngumkhosi ukufumanisa ukuba iingxelo zodlwengulo zinyanisekile ludwelisa iingxaki zemali zabasetyhini kunye neqabane lakhe, kunye โnokufunaโ unyango, njengezinto ezibonisa ukuba uyaxoka. Umkhosi usandula ukunika i-perk yokufakelwa kwamabele simahla kubafazi abasebenza, ukuze oogqirha bayo "baziqhelanise." Ngeli xesha, inonqongophalo olukhulu lwezixhobo zodlwengulo kwimimandla yokulwa kwaye iyala ukuhlawulela ukuqhomfa kwabasetyhini nakwimeko yodlwengulo.
Ugqirha oqhelisela kufutshane nesiseko soMkhosi esikhulu kwaye ephatha amajoni abuya e-Iraq waxela ukwanda kobundlobongela basekhaya ukusukela oko amajoni aqala ukubuya, kunye nokubulawa kwabafazi kwiziseko eziphakamileyo kakhulu - ezigqunywe nguMkhosi. Ubuye waxoxa ngeziyobisi zamajoni kwiphonografi, ehlakulelwa ngaphezulu kwenkonzo yabo, njengomthombo wokuzingca ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kumaqabane abo. Iphonografi yaqeqesha amajoni ukuba asebenzise imizimba yabasetyhini njengezixhobo zokuphulula amaphambili.
Iindima zikasolusapho zomkhosi zandisa kwinkcubeko enkulu, kungekuphela nje ngokwembono yendlela amakhwenkwe amancinane afundiswa ngayo ukuba ngamajoni - kodwa nakumaziko, ngokunjalo. U-Phoebe Jones we-Global Women's Strike kunye nabasindileyo baThatha iNyathelo ngokuchasene nokuxhatshazwa ngaBasebenzi baseMkhosini (STAAAMP) ubeka ihlazo lika-Abu Ghraib kumxholo wentolongo-yomkhosi wokuxhatshazwa:
Konke kuqhagamshelweรขโฌยฆ Unabo abalindi bentolongo apha, njengoCharles Grainer [obandakanywe kwi-scandal yokuxhatshazwa kwe-Abu Ghraib], abaya e-Iraq baze baxhaphaze abantu apho. Emva koko unamajoni abuya e-Iraq okanye e-Afghanistan efumana imisebenzi njengoonogada basejele, kwaye adlwengula kwaye ahlukumeze abantu. Umkhosi unokuwumisa ukuba uyafuna, kodwa awufuni. Badibanisa amadoda ukuba enze oku.
Ukungcungcuthekiswa kwentolongo kwanikezelwa kwiinkampani zase-US zisebenzisa abasebenzi abavela kwiintolongo zasekhaya. Ngaphaya koku komlibo womkhosi wentolongo, impembelelo yenkcubeko yodlwengulo ekhuliswa ngumkhosi inokulandelwa kuluntu lwase-US ngakumbi. Ngo-1997, esona sizathu siphambili sokuba amagqala asentolongweni kurhulumente, kumdibaniso, okanye kwinqanaba lengingqi yayikukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo. Ukuphononongwa kweziphumo zomkhosi kwintlalontle, kunye namaziko ukusuka kwisikolo ukuya kusapho, angaphandle kwendawo yesi sincoko sifutshane - kodwa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.
Iimpembelelo zobundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini azinakwahlulwa kuluhlu lwemigangatho yobuhlanga noqoqosho, nangona ezi ziqwenga zihlala zihlalutywa ngaphandle kokubhekisana. Esinye isiphumo seNkanyamba uKatrina - encinci yaphendulwa ngasekhohlo - yayiyintshabalalo yeendawo zokuhlala zobundlobongela basekhaya kunye neenkonzo zokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo. I-Louisiana Coalition Against Domestic Violence ichaza abafazi abahluphekileyo abanyanzeliswa ukuba bahlale kwiindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, abafumana ukudlwengulwa kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokomzimba kumaqabane abakwazanga ukubaleka, phezu kokutshatyalaliswa kwesiphepho. Ngokuqinisekileyo i-FEMA ayizange ibonelele ngokunciphisa. Ukanti endaweni yokugxeka iintsilelo zoosolusapho bakarhulumente, abasekhohlo bavumela iingxelo zephiko lasekunene lesiphithiphithi esixhaphakileyo (esigqunywe ngocalucalulo olunobuhlanga) ukuzalisa isithuba sokuchaza ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Akufuneki ukuba kuthiwe, abasetyhini abahluphekayo nabangengabo abamhlophe bajongana ngokungafaniyo nokungabikho kwendlela yokujongana nobundlobongela obuphathelele kwisini. Umzekelo, nangona ubundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini buphuma kwiiklasi zonke, abasetyhini kwintlalontle bahlupheka ngakumbi kumazinga aphezulu obundlobongela basekhaya kunye nolwesondo-isiphumo esithe ngqo sokuba nenkululeko encinci yokushiya abaxhaphazi babo. Kwaye kwakhona, umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ubandakanyeka; umthetho wentlalontle, ekuthiwa ukhuthaza iintsapho โezomeleleyoโ, ukhanyela imali kubafazi abahluphekayo abashiya amaqabane abo, befuna ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwezoqoqosho kunye nokunyamezela ukuphathwa gadalala.
5) Umkhosi kunye nemfazwe kunciphisa ulawulo lwabasetyhini ekuveliseni kwabo.
Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa emva kohlaselo, ukwanda kokuqhomfa kwe-alley kwaxelwa e-Baghdad njengoko abafazi bephulukene nokufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nokuthintela ukukhulelwa. E-US, ukunyanzeliswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kuthetha ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo efana nokhathalelo lwempilo jikelele kunye nothintelo lokukhulelwa lwasimahla kwimfuno iya kubonakala iyinto yokwenyani ekude. Ekubeni abafazi, kungekhona amadoda, bekhulelwa, ukungabikho kokhathalelo lwempilo yokuzala ngumba wokulingana kwabasetyhini - okuchaphazela ulawulo lwabasetyhini lomsebenzi wabo, imizimba kunye nekamva.
Ngaphaya koko, umKrestu onelungelo lokuthatha indawo yezopolitiko yase-US uye walungisa iingxoxo "ngokuziphatha" ngokwemiba efana nokuqhomfa kunye namalungelo abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabanye abantu - ukuphambukisa umsindo kude, masithi, ukuxhatshazwa kwezoqoqosho kolu lawulo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo walo wemfazwe, ukuya kurhulumente. unyango lwenqwaba yeeseli kwaye ngubani omthandayo. Umbutho wamaKristu olondolozayo ugxininisa ukungenelela kwawo kwezopolitiko ngakumbi ekulawuleni ngokuthe ngqo ukuziphatha kwabantu ngabanye, kunokuguqula izakhiwo zoluntu ukunciphisa ukungalingani kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu. Kumxholo wethu wembali, i-ideology kunye ne-ajenda yokunciphisa ulawulo lwabasetyhini ekuveliseni kwabo iqhagamshelwe kwi-impiriyali yase-US-kwaye ke ineempembelelo ezibanzi kunempilo yokuzala yabasetyhini. Okokuqala, i-impiriyali ixhomekeke kulwahlulo lokuzala ngokwesini lomsebenzi, oqeqesha amadoda ahluphekayo ukuba abe ngamajoni ngelixa eqinisekisa ubumama kubafazi, ngcono ukuxhaphaza abafazi babo abahlawulwayo nabangasebenziyo. Andikwazi ukwenza uphononongo olupheleleyo lolu nxibelelwano kwesi sincoko - kodwa lufuna ingcinga noviwo!
6) Umkhosi kunye neemeko zongquzulwano zikhokelela ekuthintelweni kwendawo kawonke-wonke yabasetyhini - okuchaphazela indlela yabo yezopolitiko.
Abaphengululi be-Feminist baye baqaphela imiqobo ebonakalayo yokufikelela kuluntu kwabasetyhini kwiimeko zongquzulwano amaxesha ngamaxesha. E-Iraq, ngenxa yokungakhuseleki, abafazi bathintelwe ekufuneni ukhathalelo lwempilo, ukuya esikolweni nasemsebenzini. Ukulinganiselwa okunjalo kuye kwabumba umkhondo kunye nendlela yokulungelelanisa yabasetyhini, ngokunjalo. Xa abadlali bezopolitiko bengamadoda, imizimba yabasetyhini kunye nokuziphatha okusemngciphekweni wokuba yindawo yokulwa ukuze kuliwe abanye abantu - babeka emngciphekweni wokujongelwa phantsi kwezopolitiko ngaphandle kokuba bayakwazi ukuququzelela ngokubonakalayo kwi-ajenda ethathela ingqalelo isikhundla sabo ngokwesini.
Ngaphakathi e-US, uhlalutyo olujoliswe kumkhosi oluchasene nemfazwe luye lwabumba indawo yabasetyhini ngokwezopolitiko, ukuba akunjalo ngokwasemzimbeni. Oomama basemkhosini abanjengoCindy Sheehan bamkelwa esidlangalaleni ngonxibelelwano lwabo nomkhosi-kwaye ngokukodwa, ukuma kwabo kwenkxaso endaweni yokungquzulana nomkhosi ngamnye. Uhlalutyo lwesini oluyingxaki kwiziphumo zobudoda ezinobundlobongela alwamkelekanga kangako.
7) Umsebenzi awuyi kuzisa inkululeko yabasetyhini.
Njengomhlali onoxanduva oluncinci kubantu baseIraq (okanye kuluntu lwase-US), urhulumente wase-US akakwazi - okanye unomdla - ukuzisa idemokhrasi kunye nenkululeko kwi-Iraqis. Okona kulungileyo, amagosa ase-US "adlale amacala amabini ocingo" ngokubhekisele kumalungelo abantu basetyhini - abatshintshiselana ngawo xa kufanelekile ukuze kugcinwe amandla. Kodwa okona kubi kakhulu, kwiminyaka emithathu emide emva koko, imisitho yayenza yacaca kabuhlungu kuzo zonke iziphumo zayo ezimanyumnyezi ukuba eyona njongo iphambili yokuqhubeka nomsebenzi ibe luqoqosho, ezopolitiko, kunye nomkhosi umdla wabantu abaphezulu baseMelika - ngokungafihlisi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngenxa yobudlelwane boluntu. Ingxoxo ende yemikhosi ethile yezembali kunye ne-geopolitical esebenza kwindawo yase-US e-Iraq, ephethe izikhundla zabasetyhini base-Iraqi, yayingumxholo wesincoko sangaphambili, "Umsebenzi awuyiyo (yabafazi) Inkululeko: Ukujongana ne-Imperial Feminism kunye nokwakha i-Feminist Anti. -Intshukumo yeMfazwe."
isiphelo
Ama impiriyali afuna unxulumano oluthile lwesini ukuze lusebenze. Amakhwenkwe amancinane afundiswa ukuba ukuba lijoni lisiko lokudlula โ sisithuthi sokuhlonitshwa ngamadoda. Uluntu lufunda ukuba amajoni - kwaye ngoku asebenza njengokhuseleko okanye abasebenzi bakaxakeka - ukunika ibango elikhethekileyo lobumi, kweli lizwe kunye neminikelo yalo, nokuba izithembiso ezinjalo azifezeki ngokwenene. Kodwa leyo yi-PR yokunyusa ukuqeshwa. Kwaye ngokunika amandla umkhuseli onobundlobongela, oyindoda ngendleko yabasetyhini, ngeendleko zabasetyhini, urhulumente kunye noluntu bakhupha umsebenzi wabasetyhini ngamaxabiso aphantsi, ukugcina ulwahlulo lomsebenzi ngokwesini ngeendleko zabasetyhini, kunye nokubethelela ukufaneleka kwamadoda ngokwesondo. Inxalenye yesibongozo somkhosi kumadoda (abantu besini esahlukileyo), ukonyuswa kokuziphatha kwamajoni axhomekeke kuwo, lilungelo lamadoda elithembisa ukulinikezela ngabasetyhini abaxhomekeke kwezoqoqosho, abafumaneka ngokwesondo.
Umkhosi usebenzisa umsebenzi wabasetyhini, obekwe kubudlelwane bosolusapho kunye noxhatshazo lwezoqoqosho, ukusebenza - nokuba ngamajoni angasiwa so, abafazi basemkhosini, abathengisi ngemizimba, okanye abemi.
Uhlalutyo lwesini - ukuqatshelwa konxibelelwano phakathi kwe-imperialism kunye ne-patriarchy yase-US-yandisa kakhulu i-spectrum yabantu esimele sicinge ngayo 'ingozi' yemfazwe, kwaye yenze nzulu ukuqonda kwethu impiriyali. Imfazwe ayigcini nje ngokuqhubekisela phambili ukungalingani ngokwesini kunye noosolusapho, kodwa ikwabandakanya ubudlelwane bosolusapho - kwezoqoqosho, ngokwesondo, kunye neengcamango - ukwenza imisebenzi yayo. Ndibalule iindlela abafazi abachatshazelwa ngayo yimfazwe-zombini ngokwahlukileyo emadodeni, kwaye ngokungafaniyo xa kuthelekiswa namadoda, ngenxa yokusebenza ngokwesini. Ukulungisa oku kungenabulungisa kufuna ingqwalasela eyodwa kwisini, kwaye akuqinisekiswanga ngokuchasa imfazwe.
Kufuneka siqaphele unxibelelwano phakathi kwemfazwe yase-Iraq kunye ne-patriarchy ekhaya-kwaye sixhathise.
โAbantu baseMelika banamawakawaka emithombo yeendaba abanokukhetha kuzo. Kodwa kusafuneka bandwendwele indawo ye-porn ukuze babone ukuba le mfazwe yenze ntoni kwimizimba yabafileyo kunye nemiphefumlo yabaphilayo. Omnye wemifanekisoโฆ ubonisa owasetyhini othe waqhawulwa umlenze wasekunene sisigcayiseliโฆ unogqirha ubambe isiphunzi esijijiweyo esisa ekhamera. Ilungu lobufazi lomfazi liyabonakala.. Umbhalo walo mfanekiso ufundeka ngolu hlobo: โUbovu obuhle โ unyawo olubi.โโ
- http://www.eastbayexpress.com/Issues/2005-09-21/news/news.html, malunga newebhusayithi evumela amajoni ukuba atshintshe imifanekiso ye-Iraqis efileyo ukufikelela simahla kwiphonografi
โBaninzi abafazi e-Fallujah abaye bangqina ukuba badlwengulwa ngamajoni aseMelikaโฆ Bakufutshane nesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo samantombazana ngaphakathi eFallujah. Xa abantu bebuya.. bafumana amantombazana amaninzi.. ehamba ze ngokupheleleyo kwaye..
- http://www.dahrjamailiraq.com/hard_news/archives/newscommentary/000251.php
UKUBA UNOMDLA WOKULUNGISELELA NGOKUQAPHELELE UQHAGAMSHELO PHAKATHI KOBUMPERIALI, UBULUNGA, NOBUHLUNGU, NQHAGAMSHELANA NAM! Ndinengxaki yokufumana amaqabane ezopolitiko. MASIDIBANE!
U-Huibin Amee Chew, usebenza kwi-anti-impiriyalist, i-feminist, kunye ne-activism yamalungelo abaphambukeli e-Boston. Unokufikelelwa [imeyile ikhuselwe].
Imihlathi
I-1 Homefront: IsiXeko soMkhosi kunye ne-American 20th Century, nguCatherine Lutz, p.46
2 Olu hlahlelo luthiwe thaca nguCynthia Enloe ngexesha lentetho e-MIT ngo-2003. U-Enloe wayeza kubala abathengisi ngemizimba kwiziseko zomkhosi, kunye nabasebenzi basemkhosini ababhinqileyo, njengoko abanye abafazi babhaliswa, ngokusesikweni nangokungekho sikweni, ngumkhosi, ukuququzelela ukusebenza kwawo.
I-3 Kwimfazwe yangoku yase-Iraq, amantombazana kunye nabaselula abafuduka kwiidolophu ezichithwa yi-US ezifana ne-Fallujah baye balandelwa kwintengiso yezesondo eSiriya.
4 UNIFEM; http://www.womenwarpeace.org/iraq/iraq.htm
5 Kutshanje, ngonxibelelwano olukhulu phakathi kwemikhosi yase-US kunye nabemi base-Iraq xa kuthelekiswa nasekuqaleni kokuhlala, ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo ngokuchasene nama-Iraqis obuqhutyelwe yimikhosi yokuhlala bunyukile.
6 kwiHomefront, nguCatherine Lutz
7 UMichael Rogin Kwingoma ethi โโYenza Imini Yam!โ Umboniso NjengeAmnesia Kwipolitiki Yasebukhosini.โ Iinkcubeko ze-United States Impiriyali. I-Durham: I-Duke University Press, i-1993. Bona kwakhona uRobert Jenson kwi-"Blow Bangs kunye ne-Cluster Bombs: Inkohlakalo yaMadoda kunye namaMerika," Ayithengiswa: Ababhinqileyo abaxhathisa ubuhenyukazi kunye nephonografi.
8 http://www.feministpeacenetwork.org/MVAW.htm
9 UDorothy Mackey waBasindileyo Thatha iNyathelo ngokuchasene nokuxhatshazwa ngaBasebenzi baseMkhosini, ngo-2004 iForam yeNtlalo yaseBoston.
10 http://www.womenagainstrape.net/Latest%20News/MackeyPaper.htm
11 Dorothy Mackey, unxibelelwano lwabucala, Agasti 9, 2005.
12 kwi "Rape Nation," http://www.alternet.org/rights/19134/
13 http://www.feministpeacenetwork.org/MVAW.htm
14 kwi "Rape Nation," http://www.alternet.org/rights/19134/
15 http://www.quakerhouse.org/costs-of-war-01.htm
16 kwi "Rape Nation," http://www.alternet.org/rights/19134/
17 http://www.womenagainstrape.net/Latest%20News/MackeyPaper.htm
18 http://www.lcadv.org/
19 http://www.mincava.umn.edu/library/articles/#506, ngokomzekelo, bona umxholo othi โUbuhlwempu, Intlalo-ntle Nabafazi Ababethwayo: Lusixelela Ntoni Olu phando?โ nguEleanor Lyon
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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