Nabani na okholelwa entsha ye-European Union Isivumelwano sokuFudukela kunye neSikhuseli uya kwandisa umanyano phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu, okanye nabantu ababaleka imfazwe okanye indlala, akayazi intsingiselo yegama. I-European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) iye yachasa ngokuqhubekayo le phakheji yamanyathelo kwaye siya kuqhubeka nokukhankasela ukunciphisa ezona mpembelelo zimbi.
Esi siVumelwano sithetha ukuba abantu abaninzi, iintsapho kunye nabantwana ababalekela iimfazwe, intlupheko enzima kunye nokunyuka, iintlekele zemozulu, ngoku baya kuphathwa njengamabanjwa ngamazwe aseYurophu ahlala ebanga indawo ephakamileyo xa kuziwa ekuhlonipheni amalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko. Ungumzekelo obalaseleyo wemigangatho ephindwe kabini, ukungcatsha uxanduva lokuziphatha nomthetho lwe-EU lokuhlonipha ilungelo lokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo iya kukhokelela ekuxhatshazweni ngakumbi kwamalungelo asisiseko, ekutyhalelweni ngokungekho mthethweni, ukuvalelwa (kubandakanywa nabantwana) kunye nokubuyela kumazwe angakhuselekanga.
Ukungabikho kweendlela ezikhuselekileyo neziqhelekileyo, abantu abafuna ukhuseleko okanye iindlela zokuphila ezingcono banyanzelwa ukuba bathathe iindlela eziyingozi ngakumbi, okukhokelela ekubeni ngo-2023 owona nyaka ubhubhileyo kwirekhodi ukusukela ngo-2015. KwiMeditera kuphela, ngaphezu Ngabantu abangama-2,500 zachazwa njengezifileyo okanye zanyamalala kulo nyaka uphelileyo, inani eliyincam nje ye-iceberg. ISivumelwano siyasilela ukujongana noku, kwaye endaweni yoko siyaqhubeka nokugxininisa 'Inqaba yaseYurophu'.
Ngokuqinisekileyo akuyi kwenza nto ukunceda abantu abasebenzayo. Imali eyongezelelweyo iya kuchithwa ekwakhiweni kwe-Fortress Yurophu ngexesha apho i-EU iza kuzisa imithetho emitsha yezemali oko kungabeka ukuthotywa kwenkcitho yentlalo kunye neyemozulu ngokucutha 2.0.
Ukulawula imeko yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kuya kwenza ngaphezu kwawo nawaphi na amanye amanyathelo okunceda abantu abasebenzayo, abafudukayo nabasekhaya, ngokunqanda abaqeshi ekuxhaphazeni abasebenzi abafudukayo abangekho mthethweni ukuze bacuthe imivuzo. Ukwala abasebenzi abangabhalwanga phantsi, abafudukayo kunye nabafuna ukhuseleko amalungelo abo oluntu anceda kuphela abaqeshi abasebenzisa njengabasebenzi abaphantsi, ngamanye amaxesha phantsi kweemeko ezothusayo, ngaloo ndlela kudala iyantlukwano phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye nokuthotywa kwemivuzo nemigangatho yabo bonke.
Bonke abasebenzi kufuneka baphathwe ngokulinganayo
I-ETUC ifuna ukuba abo bafuna indawo yokhuseleko kufuneka babe nelungelo lokusebenza kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu. Imibutho yabasebenzi nabaqeshi kufuneka basebenzisane ukuqinisekisa iimeko zengqesho ezindilisekileyo, eziyimfuneko ekwakheni umanyano phakathi kwabasebenzi namathuba alinganayo nokuphathwa kwabantu bonke. I-ETUC ibonise ukuba ukufikelela emsebenzini phantsi kweemeko ezilinganayo, kunye nokukwazi ukufaka ibango lamalungelo engqesho, kubalulekile ekufumaneni amalungelo angundoqo, kuquka ubumi. I-ETUC ixhasa amalungu ayo ekuququzeleleni bonke abasebenzi abasuka kwamanye amazwe, kubandakanywa abafuna indawo yokukhosela, iimbacu kunye nabantu abangabhalwanga phantsi, nokubaxhobisa ngobulungu bemanyano yabasebenzi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo ezidityanelweyo kunye nezenzo ezidibeneyo. Bonke abasebenzi, kungakhathaliseki imo yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe okanye ubuzwe, kufuneka baphathwe ngokulinganayo, ngentlonipho kumalungelo abo oluntu jikelele.
Ngayo Intsebenziswano yaseYurophu yoManyano, iKomishoni yaseYurophu iyamkele indima ephambili edlalwa yimibutho yabasebenzi ekudityanisweni kwemarike yabasebenzi. I-ETUC ithembise ukuqhubeka nokukhankasela bonke abafuduki kunye nababaleki ukuba babe nelungelo lokusebenza, ukuxoxisana ngokubambisana, ukuhlanganiswa kweemarike zabasebenzi ngokusekelwe kumgaqo wokuphathwa ngokulinganayo kunye nokufikelela kwiinkonzo kunye nokukhuselwa koluntu.
Esikhundleni sokwakha iindonga kwilinge elingenamsebenzi lokunqanda abantu abaphelelwe lithemba, i-EU kufuneka ibonelele ngamajelo aqhelekileyo okufuduka kwabasebenzi ukuze abantu abafudukayo baphile kwaye basebenze, kunye nenkqubo eqhelekileyo, exhaswa kakuhle ngemali yokwamkela kunye nokudibanisa kwimibutho yomkhosi.
Njengoko iKomishoni iye yavuma, ukufuduka - kwaye bekukho kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu - inyani yobomi, kwaye njengeengxabano kunye iziganeko zemozulu embi kakhulu ukwanda kwamanani abantu abafuna indawo yokusabela eYurophu kuya kwanda kuphela. Ngo-2022, iKhomishini yabika ezinye 1.08 million abemi abangengabo amalungu e-EU abekho ngokungaqhelekanga kwi-EU, ukunyuka ngeepesenti ezingama-59 xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2021. Kodwa elo nani ngokungathandabuzekiyo lijongelwa phantsi, yaye amanani okwenene afikelela kwizigidi eziliqela. Abasetyhini abangamaxwebhu ngokukodwa baye akukho lungelo lokhuseleko kubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesini phantsi komthetho we-EU, kunye nokugxothwa emngciphekweni ukuba bafuna ubulungisa. Ngokutsho kwePlatform yeNtsebenziswano yaMazwe ngaMazwe malunga nabafuduki abangabhalwanga phantsi (PICUM) kukho amashumi amawaka amabhinqa aseYurophu isimo sabo sokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe sinikezelwa phambili kwiimfuno zabo njengamaxhoba.
I-EU 'ikhuphele ngaphandle' uxanduva lwayo kumazwe esithathu apho abafuduki bengenasiqinisekiso sokuba amalungelo abo aya kuhlonitshwa. I-ETUC inakho wawugxeka lo mgaqo-nkqubo. Uqhanqalaze, umzekelo, kuMongameli weKhomishini u-Ursula von der Leyen malunga nentsebenziswano yamva nje ye-EU-Tunisia ekuvunyelwene ngayo norhulumente oye wabetha imibutho yabasebenzi, abafuduki kunye noluntu. Nangona kunjalo izivumelwano ezifanayo kunye Morithaniya kwaye iYiputa iza kulandelwa yiMorocco neLibhiya.
Kude nokuqinisekisa umanyano lwaseYurophu, oorhulumente banokukhetha kwaye bakhethe into abaza kuyifaka, kwaye bathi njengeHungary kunye Pholend sele bevakalise ukungafuni. Amazwe angamalungu aya kukwazi ukuphuma kwizikhuselo ezingundoqo ukuba athi ilizwe lesithathu lityhalela abantu kwimida yabo (ebizwa ngokuba “yi-instrumentalisation of migration”). Nditsho nababhengeziweyo Isakhelo sokuHlaliswa ngokutsha kwe-EU yeyokuzithandela, ngoko ke kuya kwenza okuncinci ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo kumazwe aphambili apho kufika iimbacu. Kwaye amazwe angamalungu aya kuba nesizathu sokungahoyi izibophelelo zawo ezisemthethweni phantsi kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neNgqungquthela yaseGeneva yowe-1951.
ISivumelwano sijonge ukuqinisa iFortress Europe ngokomeleza ngamandla amandla eFrontex, umda waseYurophu kunye nearhente yokugada unxweme, ukujikisa okanye ukubamba abafikayo nokuba athini na amabango abo okuhlala (umz. ngenxa yezizathu zonyango okanye zokudityaniswa kosapho). Abantu ababhenayo banokugxothwa ngelixa belinde isigqibo. Kuya kukhuthaza ukutyhala ngenkohlakalo nangokungekho mthethweni oko sele kusenzeka. Ibeka emngciphekweni imisebenzi yokufuna nokuhlangula yabantu esindisa ubomi elwandle, ngokuchaseneyo nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wezolwandle. Ukubekwa kweliso kuya kunyuswa, ngokuqokelelwa ngenkani kwedatha yebhayometriki yabafuduki kunye nokuprintwa kweminwe, ngentlonipho encinci kumalungelo oluntu.
I-ETUC iyabagxeka abezopolitiko kunye namaqela akhuthaza ubuhlanga, intiyo kunye nokubukulwa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yeminqweno yabo, ukugxeka abafuduki kunye nabo bafuna indawo yokukhosela ngeengxaki ezingenako ukuzisombulula imigaqo-nkqubo yabo.
Ezo zimo zengqondo zenze isakhelo esivumela iSivumelwano ukuba sifumane inkxaso, kwaye imilinganiselo ecetywayo inokwandisa ucalucalulo kunye nokukrokrelana kwabaphambukeli, ukuqinisa i-far-right eYurophu.
Ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, kusuku olungaphambi kwe IPalamente yaseYurophu ivotele imvume yayo, I-161 yemibutho yamalungelo oluntu, kuquka iHuman Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Oxfam kunye Picum, yalumkisa ngokwamkela esi Sivumelwano “silihlazo”. Ngoku ka Gcina a bantwana, kuya kukhokelela ekuvalelweni nasekwenzeni ulwaphulo-mthetho iintsapho nabantwana, abanokuthi bagxothwe ngaphandle kokumelwa ngumthetho okanye isibheno.
Ukufudukela eYurophu kunokulawulwa ngovelwano nentlonipho kumalungelo oluntu jikelele. 'Ingxaki yabafuduki' akufuneki ibe yingxaki kwaphela. Kodwa esi Sivumelwano siyasilela ukubonisa ubunkokeli obunesibindi obufunekayo. I-ETUC iphinda ibize ikhwelo lezopolitiko ezikhuthaza amalungelo oluntu jikelele, inqanda ukubandezeleka kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwaye ikhuthaze ubumbano lokwenene kunye noxanduva olwabelana ngalo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela