Izibonelelo ezinkulu ziye zahlanganiswa yimibutho elondolozayo kunye neZionist kumzamo wokuphelisa ukugxekwa kukarhulumente waseKhanada ngenkxaso engagungqiyo ku-Israyeli. Iinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zika-2009 zibone iphulo elidibeneyo lokuvala i-advocacy yasePalestine eCanada. Imizekelo enjalo ibandakanya:
- ukusika inkxaso-mali kwi-Canadian Arab Federation (CAF) ngenxa yokugxeka ngokuphandle kombutho kurhulumente ngexesha lemfazwe eGaza;
- ukuvala iipowusta zeVeki yoCalucalulo lwakwaSirayeli (IAW) kwiikhampasi ezininzi zeyunivesithi yaseOntario; kwaye
- iphulo lokudyobha elichasene nesebe lase-Ontario leManyano yaseKhanada yaBasebenzi bakaRhulumente (CUPE) ngokuzimisela ukuxoxa ngomba wokukwaywa kwezemfundo kwaSirayeli.
Olu ayiloluhlu olupheleleyo. Urhulumente waseKhanada wamvala uGeorge Galloway, owayecwangciselwe ukuthetha ngohambo lwakhe oluya eGaza, kwangelo xesha. Umzobi uReena Katz kutshanje "uqhawulwe" kwiZiko leKoffler loBugcisa eToronto, elalibonisa umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa. U-Koffler "wahlukana" noKatz ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe kunye neVeki yocalucalulo yakwaSirayeli (IAW): umboniso wakhe wawuseToronto Jewish Community, engahambelani nePalestina kwaphela.
Abameli basePalestina bebesoloko bejamelene nokuxhatshazwa, izityholo zobuxoki, nezityholo. Zonke ezi ziqina kakhulu emva kohlaselo lwakutsha nje lwamaSirayeli ngokuchasene nabantu baseGaza abashiye abantu abangaphezu kwe-1400 bebhubhile, kubandakanya abantwana abangama-430, kunye namawakawaka amakhaya kunye neziseko zophuhliso zikawonke-wonke ezitshatyalalisiwe kwindawo esele ibhuqiwe kwaye irhangqwe. Le mpendulo ngokuthe ngqo kwintshukumo ekhulayo yomanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe ekuxhaseni amalungelo oluntu asePalestina yinzame yokwenza idemoni intshukumo kunye nokunciphisa amandla ayo okwenza uququzelelo loluntu kunye nokukhankasa.
Eli nqaku liphendula izityholo zobuxoki ezenziwa ngabameli basePalestine, amaxwebhu amatyala amathathu okuhlukumeza kunye nokwaphulwa kwenkululeko yokuthetha (i-CAF, i-IAW, kunye ne-CUPE), kwaye iphikisa ukuba intetho yasimahla yabameli basePalestina ngumba ekufuneka uthatyathwe ngabo bonke ixhalabele ngokukhululeka.
Ukukhusela uLwaphulo-mthetho lweMfazwe yakwaSirayeli
Iingxoxo zelizwe lakwaSirayeli ekukhuseleni ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olujoliswe kubantu basePalestina ziya zisiba nganelisi mihla le, njengoko ubuhlanga obusekuhleni buba buya kwamkeleka kwipolitiki yakwaSirayeli (ebonakaliswa luloyiso lonyulo lukaLieberman noNetanyahu) nanjengoko impatho yamaSirayeli yamaPalestina isiya iba yinkohlakalo ngakumbi. Abaxhasi bakwaSirayeli baya bebhenela kwingxoxo yokuba ukuhlasela uSirayeli 'kukuchasa amaYuda.' Baye baqulunqa igama elithi "i-anti-Semitism entsha" - echazwa njengakuphi na ukugxeka imigaqo-nkqubo yakwaSirayeli (bona, imizekelo, uPhyllis Chesler, I-Anti-Semitism Entsha: Ingxaki yangoku kunye nento emasiyenze ngayo (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003) kunye no-Alan Dershowitz, Ityala likaSirayeli (ENew Jersey: UJohn Wiley kunye noonyana, ngo-2003). Izityholo zokuchasa amaYuda ngokuchasene nabo bagxeka imigaqo-nkqubo yakwaSirayeli zijolise ekubathuleni okanye ukubanyanzela ukuba bachithe ixesha namandla abo bezikhusela kwizityholo kunokuba babhale okanye baququzelele. Isityholo sokuchaswa kwamaYuda esijoliswe kubo bonke abagxeka uSirayeli siyaphikisana namabango okuba uSirayeli lilizwe elifana nayo nayiphi na enye. Ukuba zombini ezi mabango ziyinyani, ukugxeka uSirayeli akufanele kuhluke ekugxekeni nayiphi na enye ilizwe, kwaye kufuneka kukhuselwe ngokukhululeka, njengoko kufuneka kuxoxwe ngamalungelo oluntu asePalestina. Ukuba nokuxoxa ngemeko yasePalestina yindlela yokuchasa amaYuda, ngoko ke amaPalestina akanakuba namalungelo oluntu apheleleyo.
Abaxhasi bakwaSirayeli bathi i-Israel neKhanada yimibutho yasentshona equka 'inkululeko.' Ngelixa bephakamisa le mibutho ngenkululeko yabo, aba baxhasi banye bayivala inkululeko kwabo bathetha ngokuchasene nolwaphulo-mthetho lukaSirayeli.
Esinye isizathu esinikiweyo sokuvala ubhengezo lwasePalestine kukuba ukubiza uSirayeli njengombuso wocalucalulo kuyakhubekisa. Ngokuqinisekileyo iyakhubekisa, kumaZayoni nanjengoko ingakhubekisa nabemi boMzantsi Afrika abamhlophe ababekholelwa ukuba inkqubo yocalucalulo kufuneka icele umngeni, kodwa ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba zonke iziganeko ezicelโ umngeni abalandeli bocalucalulo mazivalwe? Ngaba siyayivala imisitho ye-pro-choice kuba ikhubekisa abachasi? Ukususela nini umlinganiselo wokuvumela iziganeko ukuba bakhubekise? Mininzi imisitho ye-pro-Israel eyenzeka yonke imihla kwiikhampasi zaseKhanada - nangamanye amaxesha amajoni athatha inxaxheba kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe aboniswa njengamagorha, ngamanye amaxesha phambi kwabafundi amakhaya abo adutyulwe kwangaloo majoni manye. Oku kuyakhubekisa, kodwa akukho nto yakha yavalwa kuba abantu basePalestine bayibona ikhubekisa.
Iphulo lengcinezelo ngokuchasene namaqela axhasa iPalestine ayilohlaselo nje lwama-Arab-Canadians, okanye namahlakani awo. Zizihlaselo kwintshukumo eqhubekayo xa iyonke. Zijolise ekunciphiseni amandla ethu okubambisana okugxeka imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, nokuba kukuxhasa uSirayeli, imfazwe yase-Afghanistan, okanye imeko ka-Omar Khadr. Zikwajolise ekudaleni abantu abafudukayo abathi cwaka ukuze bathobele, besebenzisa isoyikiso sokucuthwa kwenkxaso-mali karhulumente. Le mizekelo ingezantsi yalatha kwindlela eyandayo elungelelaniswa ngokucacileyo kuwo onke amacandelo ukuze bavale umlomo abo bathethela amalungelo abantu basePalestina.
Imibutho yasekuhlaleni yohlwaywa ngenxa yePalestine Solidarity
Ngomhla we-17 kuFebruwari 2009, amajelo eendaba amaninzi abhengeza ukuba uMphathiswa wezokuNgenelela uJason Kenney ukulungele ukucutha inkxaso-mali yomanyano kumbutho omkhulu wama-Arabhu waseCanada, I-Canadian Arab Federation (CAF). Emva kwenyanga, uKenney walandela izisongelo zakhe ngokusika ngokusemthethweni inkxaso-mali yeenkqubo ze-CAF ezinceda abantu abatsha (ezi nkqubo zinceda bonke abatsha - kungekhona ama-Arabhu kuphela). Iinkqubo ezimbini zisikiwe, enye ifundisa isiNgesi kubantu abasaqalayo kwaye eyesibini ibanceda bakhangele imisebenzi bakuba befikile eKhanada.
Imithombo yeendaba ibonise ukucuthwa kwenkxaso-mali ye-CAF njengempendulo kumongameli wayo ebiza uKenney 'njengehenyukazi elichwepheshile' lokuxhasa u-Israyeli kwimfazwe yakhe eGaza (uMongameli weCAF wayecaphula uNjingalwazi uNorman Finkelstein, umgxeki owaziwayo wakwaSirayeli) . Kodwa uKenney ngokwakhe uye wacacisa kumatyeli aliqela ukuba ukuncitshiswa kwenkxaso-mali akunanto yakwenza namagqabaza athethwayo ngaye. Nge-7 kaMatshi ka-2009, uKenney wavuma ukuba akukho nxibelelwano phakathi kwesithuko kunye nesigqibo sokunciphisa inkxaso-mali kwi-CAF kwaye wathi:
โUkuqala kwam ukuba nguMphathiswa kwiminyaka emi-2 eyadlulayo, enye yezinto zokuqala endazithetha kubaphathi bam ngosuku lokuqala kwiSebe lam leenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo yayikukuba asiyi kuba ngamaqela axhasa inkxaso-mali akhuthaza ubugqwirha, ukukhusela okanye ukucela uxolo ngobunqolobi okanye. imibutho yabanqolobi kunye nokukhuthaza inzondo, kwaye njengoko ndikhankanyile ngokukodwa amaqela amabini: i-Canadian Arab Federation kunye ne-Canadian Islamic Congress "(udliwano-ndlebe lukaJason Kenney oluvela kwi-AM 770 - Alberta).
Apha sinomphathiswa karhulumente ochaza ngokucacileyo nangokuphandle ukuba ujolisa amaqela kuba ewabona 'njengabaxhwithana.' Ngaphandle kokunciphisa inkxaso-mali, uKenney wachaza ukuba 'utshintsho kubunkokeli' luya kubuyisela inkxaso-mali, njengoko kuchazwe kwi YeSizwe Iposi 14 Matshi 2009:
"Umphathiswa wezoNgenelelo uJason Kenney uthi iCanadian Arab Federation kuya kufuneka itshintshe ubunkokeli bayo kwaye yamkele isimo esiphakathi okanye umngcipheko wokuphulukana nenkxaso-mali yomanyano ... Mnu. UKenney uthe abahlawuli berhafu akufuneki bawunyathele umthetho oyilwayo kumbutho onenkokeli yawo 'ekhuthaza iimbono ezinentiyo kunye neembono ezibaxiweyo.' UMnu. Kenney uthe mininzi imibutho ephakathi enokwenza lo msebenziโฆ Ucebise ukuba isigqibo singatshintshwa ukuba kukho iinkokeli ezimodareyithayo.โ
Isigqebelo kuma-Canadian-Arabs siyothusa, ngakumbi xa ucinga ukuba uninzi lwawo luye lwaphelela eCanada lubaleka oorhulumente bengcinezelo abathintela ukugxekwa. Apha unomphathiswa karhulumente engenelela ekukhetheni iinkokeli zoluntu, exelela uluntu ukuba lutshintshe ubunkokeli babo ukuze kubuyiswe inkxaso-mali kuba obu bunkokeli akabuthandi. Emva kwesenzo esiqatha ngolo hlobo, uMphathiswa uxelela uluntu ukuba wenza oku kuba 'abangenanga.'
Xa echaza imeko yakhe yokusikwa, uKenney uthe ngoFebruwari 26th 2009:
โKodwa inqaku lam [ekuvavanyeni ukuba ndiqhubeke na ngenkxaso-mali ye-CAF], kukuba ingaba ngumbuthoโฆ , ngokoluvo lwam, oko bekufanele ukuba kukufumana inkxaso-mali yabarhafiโฆnditsho nje, xa sisenza izigqibo ngenkxaso-mali kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ubunjani bombutho kunye neenkokeli zawo. Kwaye ukuba bakhuthaza ubugqwirha, okanye [kwimeko ye-CAF], ngokuphandle bekhuthaza inkcaso yobuYuda, ndicinga ukuba kufanele kuthathelwe ingqaleloโ (uMphathiswa uJason Kenney kudliwanondlebe no. Iindaba zamaYuda zaseCanada).
I-Canadian Arab Federation ibe ngumgxeki ngelizwi likarhulumente waseHarper ngenkxaso engathandabuzekiyo kuSirayeli. Oku kwaqala ngoJulayi ka-2006 xa iCAF yagxeka iNkulumbuso uHarper kunye norhulumente weConservative ngokubiza uhlaselo lukaSirayeli kunye nokutshabalalisa iLebhanon โnjengempendulo elinganiselweyo.โ
Ngenxa yokuba i-CAF iye yanceda ukulungiselela uqhanqalazo oluchasene nemfazwe yakwa-Israyeli eGaza naseLebhanon, uKenney utyhola umbutho ngokuthi "uchasene namaSemite" kunye nokunciphisa inkxaso-mali kweso siseko. Akukhange kubekho phando lusesikweni kuwo nawuphi na umphambili, akukho nkqubo ifanelekileyo yokutyhola i-CAF okanye ubunkokeli bayo bokuchasana namaYuda. Nangona kunjalo ngokusekwe kwiimbono zikaKenney zobuqu kunye nokuthambekela kwezopolitiko angakwazi ukubhengeza into ayifunayo kumajelo eendaba, kubandakanya iingxelo ezityhola abantu kunye nezigqibo ezilimaza uluntu luphela lwabafikayo, ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa okanye ukuphendula.
Ngoxa wayekho kwinkomfa echasene "ne-anti-Semitism entsha" eLondon eNgilani ngoFebruwari 18, 2009, uMphathiswa uKenney wathi:
โEzi [Canadian Islamic Congress (CIC) kunye neCAF] kunye neminye imibutho ikhululekile ngaphakathi kwemida yomthetho wethu kwaye iyahambelana nezithethe zethu zenkululeko yokuthetha, ukuthetha iingqondo zabo, kodwa akufuneki balindele ukufumana izixhobo ezivela kurhulumente, inkxaso evela kubarhafi okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwentlonipho esemthethweni evela kurhulumente okanye kumaziko e ilizwe lethu (akekeliswe sithi). Kwaye ndingakhuthaza bonke abanye oorhulumente ukuba benze okufanayo kwimibutho ethethelela ugonyamelo kumaYuda okanye ivakalise iimvakalelo ezichasene namaSemite.โ
Ukusebenzisa kukaMphathiswa uKenney ibinzana elithi โilizwe lethuโ libonisa ukuba uthetha ngelizwe apho ama-Arabhu namaSilamsi angengowawo. Oku kuphakamisa uvavanyo lwezopolitiko lokuba ungowento uKenney ayibiza ngokuba โlilizwe lethu.โ Umyalezo ubonakala ngathi ama-Arab-Canadians kunye nabani na ongomnye onobuganga bokugxeka uSirayeli unokukwenza oko, kodwa loo nto ibenza bachasene namaSemite, 'bangabi ngcathu,' kwaye bangafanelwanga yinkxaso-mali karhulumente.
I-CAF igqibe ekubeni isiphikisane nesigqibo sikaMphathiswa uKenney sokuphungula inkxaso-mali ezinkundleni. NgoMvulo we-30 kaMatshi ka-2009 iCAF yacela uJustice Kelen weNkundla yoMdibaniso ukuba akhuphe umyalelo wethutyana ukuze ikwazi ukuqhubeka ifumana imali eyidingayo ukuze iqhube inkqubo yayo yoqeqesho lolwimi lwesiNgesi de kube umngeni wayo wokucinywa kwale nkxaso-mali uviwa yiNkundla. . INkundla ayizange iwukhuphe lo myalelo kuba igqibe kwelokuba umonakalo obangelwe kukuphulukana nenkxaso-mali ngoko nangoko unokubuyiselwa kamva kumonakalo ukuba iCAF ekugqibeleni iliphumelele ityala layo enkundleni. Okubangela umdla kukuba, uMphathiswa uKenney ukhethe ukungavezi ubungqina ngengcebiso karhulumente ukuchasa izityholo ze-CAF zokuba ukucuthwa kwenkxaso-mali bekungafanelekanga kwaye kukhuthazwa ziinkolelo zezopolitiko zikaKenney. Umcebisi karhulumente akazange azame enkundleni ukukhusela izityholo eziqatha zikaMphathiswa uKenney zokuba i-CAF ichasene namaSemite kwaye ikhuthaza ubugrogrisi.
Iinkundla ziye zafumanisa ukuba ubungqina bubonisa ukuba uMphathiswa uKenney mhlawumbi wophule umsebenzi wakhe osemthethweni wokwenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiCanadian Arab Federation. UJustice Kelen wayibeka yacaca into yokuba ayizukufaneleka ukuba uMphathiswa acime inkxaso-mali ye-CAF kuba uMongameli wayo wabiza uMphathiswa igama (njengoko kuphawulwe ngasentla lo awuzange ube ngumcimbi). UJustice Kelen wathi:
โUkuba ngumntu ojolise ekugxekeni uluntu yinxalenye yokubamba izikhundla kuluntu. Ukuba uMphathiswa uthathe isigqibo sokurhoxisa isiNgesi njengesivumelwano senkxaso-mali soLwimi lwesiBini kuluntu lwaseCanada lwama-Arab ngenxa nje yokuba ebizwa ngegamaโฆ isigqibo sakhe akufunekanga sime. Yayingalindelwanga into yokuba uluntu lwama-Arabhu luchaswe luhlaselo luka-Israel eGaza โฆ uluntu lwama-Arabhu lwalucatshukiswa kukuba urhulumente waseKhanada engazange aluqhankqalaze olu hlaselo. AmaYuda amaninzi ahlonelwayo aseKhanada ngokufanayo ayekuchasile . . . [uhlaselo].โ
U-Mohamed Boudjenane, uMlawuli oLawulayo weCAF uthe: โKucacile ukuba esi yayisisigqibo sezopolitiko ngelizama ukuvala umlomo iCAF, nangona kunjalo, siza kuqhubeka netyala lethu lenkundla lokucoca igama lethu kunye nokulungisa umonakalo owenziwe kwiCanadian Arab Federation kunye noluntu lwase-Arab Canadian enkulu.โ I-CAF ikwakhokela iphulo elibanzi lokukhusela inkululeko yokuthetha kumacandelo ngamacandelo.
Iikhampasi zeYunivesithi kunye nePalestine Solidarity
Kukho indlela efanayo yezityholo ezingenasihlahla ezichasene namaqela athethela iPalestina kwiikhampasi. Iikhampasi zaseYunivesithi kudala zibonwa njengendawo yengxoxo-mpikiswano ebalulekileyo kunye nokwakhiwa kobumbano kunye nemizabalazo yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukuveliswa kolwazi kwiiyunivesithi zaseMntla Melika kunxulunyaniswa ngakumbi nemidla karhulumente kunye necandelo leenkampani, iikhampasi zibonelela ngendawo ebalulekileyo yokulungelelanisa ukuxhasa amaqela ahlelelekileyo nacinezelwayo. Ngokwenene, kuye kwanda kunzima ukufumana ezo mbono ngaphandle kwekhampasi ngaphakathi kwemithombo yeendaba elawulwa yinkampani okanye inkqubo yezopolitiko elawulwa ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokonga.
Iyunivesiti ngenxa yoko iye yaba yindawo ekukhutshiswana ngayo. Emva kwekhefu elide ngexesha lenkqubo ye-Oslo 'yoxolo' (1993-2000), intshukumo yabafundi edlamkileyo yokuxhasa ukuzimisela kwePalestina yaphinda yavuswa kwiikhampasi zeyunivesithi kuMntla Melika ngokuqala kwePalestine Intifada yesibini ngo-2000. Lo mbutho wakhula njengoko ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kwaSirayeli kwaya kusiba qatha, ngakumbi emva kokuphinda kuhlaselwe iiNdawo ezithinjiweyo ngamajoni akwa-Israel ngoMatshi-April ka-2002. ngexeshana elifutshane izicelo zazijikeleza zicela ukwahlulwa kwaSirayeli. Ngelixa intshukumo yokulwa imfazwe yase-Iraq yaqala ngo-2003, abafundi abaninzi babexhotyiswe ngezakhono ezahlukeneyo-ukususela ekuququzeleleni uqhanqalazo olukhulu, iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, iqonga lasesitalatweni ukuya kwiindlela zokulwa ngokuthe ngqo - ezifunyenwe kulungiselelo lwabo lwasePalestine.
Lo mbutho mtsha wokuchasa ucalucalulo ubakhathaza kakhulu abaxhasi bakwaSirayeli, ngakumbi ngenxa yothelekiso olwaqala ukwenziwa ngokuphandle nocalucalulo loMzantsi Afrika. Inkumbulo yomzabalazo wokuchasana nocalucalulo eMzantsi Afrika iyaphila kakhulu kwingqondo yoluntu. Iingqimba ezibanzi zabemi ziqala ukuqonda ukugxothwa kwabantu abaninzi kwiikota ezintathu zabantu basePalestina ngo-1948 ababelele entliziyweni 'yoMbuzo wePalestine.' Olu thelekiso lonakalisa imbonakalo eqhubekayo eyathi kangangeminyaka emininzi yavelisa inkohliso 'yonqulo lwamaZiyon.'
Njengoko i-Intifada yayiqhubeka nohlahlelo lukaSirayeli njengombuso wocalucalulo lwaphuhliswa ngakumbi kwiikhampasi kwaye ekugqibeleni lwaqiniswa ngesicwangciso sokusebenza xa ikhwelo lokuQhakwa, iDivestments, iSanctions livela ePalestine. isayinwe yimibutho yoluntu engaphezulu kwe-170 kwi 2005.
Ukuze kupheliswe le ntshukumo, abalawuli beyunivesithi baqalisa ukujolisa kumaqela amatshantliziyo abafundi ngokusebenzisa ingcinezelo kunye neendlela zolawulo (ukuseka imigaqo yokuziphatha ngumzekelo nje omnye wale milinganiselo). Amatsha ntliziyo abafundi axhatshazwa kwaye iindawo zikawonke-wonke zemiboniso yabafundi kunye nokufundisa kwabhalwa โipropathi yabucalaโ (nangona le iyipropathi yeyunivesithi yoluntu) nto leyo ebangela ukuba kube โngekho mthethweniโ (kwezinye iimeko ngobusuku) ukubamba imisitho. Abaququzeleli babafundi baye baqaphela indlela yokuxhatshazwa xa kuthethwa ngokubhukisha amagumbi. Kwalo mbutho mnye uya kubhukisha iminyhadala emininzi kumaphulo ajikeleze iVenezuela, iBolivia, umanyano lwemveli, phakathi kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, ekuphela kwendawo yokubhukisha okuya kulibaziseka kwaye izithethi ezibhalografi ezibuzwayo zezo zinxulumene nePalestina. Ukukwazi kwabafundi ukulungelelanisa, kwaye ngokwenene inkululeko yabo yokuhlanganisana, ixhomekeke ekufikeleleni kwindawo. Xa abalawuli beyunivesithi besebenzisana nemibutho engaphandle kwekhampasi pro-Israel ukukhanyela indawo, asiyonkululeko yokuthetha nje yabafundi abenza umsebenzi wobumbano wasePalestine ethotywayo, kodwa eyabo bonke abafundi kunye nenkqubela phambili kwiikhampasi. Ngokuqinisekileyo kwakunjalo kwiDyunivesithi yaseToronto (bona Liisa Schofield's Bullet #188). Ezi zenzo zabalawuli beeyunivesithi zihambelana nombono wabafundi njengabathengi abahlawulela inkonzo, kunokuba babe ngabathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo kwezopolitiko ezibumba ihlabathi elibangqongileyo.
Elinye inyathelo lolawulo kukubizwa kweemali zokhuseleko. Umgaqo ubonakala ubaluleke kakhulu kumgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle waseCanada isithethi, iphezulu imirhumo yokhuseleko. Iinkqubo zokuvavanya iintlawulo zokhuseleko azikho elubala. Nangona i- Students Against Israel Apartheid (SAIA) amatsha ntliziyo ecele ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuwo omabini amaqumrhu olawulo nokhuseleko kwiikhampasi ukuba abaxelele ukuba zeziphi na iinkqubo nezikhokelo zokuvavanya 'imingcipheko yokhuseleko' akukho mpendulo ingqalileyo, akukho zikhokelo, akukho maxwebhu abhaliweyo. Inokusekelwa ngokulula kwiprofayili yobuhlanga - umzekelo isiganeko sokuthetha sikaTariq Ali, umbhali wase-UK weencwadi ezimalunga neshumi elinesibini, eququzelelwe yi-OPIRG Toronto kunye ne-CUPE 3903 International Solidarity Committee yahlawuliswa iimali zezokhuseleko zeYunivesithi yaseToronto. ukuba khona. Abaququzeleli abazange bacele ukhuseleko kodwa bafumene ibhili emva komsitho. Oku kwenzeke xa i-Students Against Israel Apartheid yayiququzelela intetho kunye netshantliziyo elide laseMzantsi Afrika elalichasene nocalucalulo nelasePalestina, uSalim Vally, apho uVally wayethelekisa imigaqo-nkqubo yocalucalulo yaseMzantsi Afrika kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yakwaSirayeli. Ezi ntlawulo zezi a ide facto ukucinezelwa kwenkululeko yokuthetha kuba zimele iindleko ezithintelwayo kumaqela amatshantliziyo asebenza ngaphandle kwezibonelelo.
Abezopolitiko Bahlasela i-IAW
Ukususela ekusekweni kwayo kwiYunivesithi yaseToronto ngo-2005, IVeki yoCalucalulo yakwaSirayeli uye wafumana ingqalelo ebanzi yeendaba kunye namaphulo e-smear evela kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo yamaZiyoni. Noko ke, kulo nyaka uhlaselo beluqatha ngakumbi. Ngaphaya kwesiqhelo i-B'nai Brith eyoyikisayo kunye nezibhengezo zephepha elipheleleyo ezibongoza iiyunivesithi ukuba zivale iveki, eyona nto inoveli yayibubunzulu bohlaselo lwabantu bezopolitiko.
UMphathiswa uKenney umzekelo, ngoMatshi 6, 2009 wathi:
Njengabantu abaninzi baseKhanada, ndixhalabile kakhulu ngemisebenzi enxulumene 'neVeki yoCalucalulo lwakwaSirayeli'โฆ Iyaphambanisa into yokuba amaqela abafundi baseyunivesithi bakhuthaze ezi ndibano ngendlela ebonisa ukungakhathaleli ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko nokhuseleko lwabafundi abangamaYuda kunye neenjingalwazi. Impilontle jikelele yobomi bekhampasiโฆ Ndihlaba ikhwelo kubo bonke abantu baseCanada ukuba bakwale ukuchaswa kwamaYuda.โ
Umphathiswa uKenney kwakhona ubonakala eyeka ukubiza ngokuthe ngqo i-IAW anti-Semitic, kodwa njengoko esenza ngokuchasene ne-CAF, wenza ityala nge-innuendo. "Inkxalabo" kaKenney ayihambanga nolwazi: akazange aye kwintetho enye ye-IAW kwaye ibhekisela kwiveki ngaphandle kokubhekisela kuyo nayiphi na into abaququzeleli abayithethileyo okanye abayenzayo.
Ngomhla wesi-3 kuMatshi ka-2009, iLungu lePalamente elilondolozayo uPaul Calandra (Oak Ridge โ Markham) wathi:
"Mr. Somlomo, abafundi bamaJuda kwilizwe liphela bangqingwe njengoko abantu abachasene namaSemite betyhila izicwangciso zabo zeVeki yoCalucalulo yakwaSirayeli. AmaLungu e-Liberal acatshulwe kumajelo eendaba kwaye nanamhlanje kwikomiti yokufuduka esithi imibutho echasene namaSemite efana neCanadian Arab Federation kufuneka ifumane inkxaso yabahlawuli berhafu. Ngaba uMphathiswa wezoBumi, ukuNgenelela kunye neenkcubeko ezininzi kutheni urhulumente ekholelwa ukuba iVeki yoCalucalulo yakwaSirayeli ichasene namaSemite?โ
UCalandra wenza izityholo ezithe ngqo, kodwa azisekho ulwazi, kwesi sibhengezo sincinci. Ngaphandle kwe-smears, ukungahlonelwa kwenkululeko yokuvakalisa kuyamangalisa.
Kodwa into eyothusayo kule veki yayikukuba intloko yeLiberal Party, uMichael Ignatieff ikhuphe ingxelo esidlangalaleni malunga neVeki yocalucalulo yakwaSirayeli (uguqulelo olucacileyo lwengxelo yakhe luyafumaneka. Apha). Umntu kufuneka ajonge imeko ekumgama ukuze ayijonge ngoburharha, njengoko iCanada ingena kwimeko yokudodobala koqoqosho kwaye abasebenzi kwilizwe liphela baphulukana nemisebenzi - abezopolitiko baxakekile bethetha ngokuchaseneyo neveki yeentetho kwiikhampasi zaseyunivesithi kuba le veki iyenzeka. USirayeli ngurhulumente wocalucalulo. U-Ignatieff wabhala kwingxelo yakhe yasesidlangalaleni wathi: โUkuphawula uSirayeli njengorhulumente 'wocalucalulo' kulinge langabom lokujongela phantsi ukuba semthethweni kwelizwe lamaJuda ngokwalo" kuba umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe uluchaza ucalucalulo njengolwaphulo-mthetho eluntwini. Kodwa iVeki yocalucalulo yakwaSirayeli ayikuphela kwendawo ehlabathini apho uSirayeli ubizwe ngokuba lilizwe localucalulo: uBhishophu omkhulu waseMzantsi Afrika uDesmond Tutu kudala eyithetha iminyaka eliqela ngoku kwaye uRonnie Kasrils weAfrican National Congress uthathe inxaxheba kwiVeki yocalucalulo yakwaSirayeli njengoMthetheli wocalucalulo. isithethi esiphambili. Aba bemi boMzantsi Afrika babini ngokuqinisekileyo bazi ngakumbi ngocalucalulo njengolwaphulo-mthetho eluntwini kunokuba u-Ignatieff esazi. Kodwa umba awukho ukuba uSirayeli lilizwe localucalulo okanye akunjalo โ kokokuba abafundi baseyunivesithi banelungelo lonke lokuququzelela izifundo, ukuboniswa kweefilim kunye neengxoxo-mpikiswano ngalo mba!
UIgnatieff, esoyika ukungabonakali ekhululekile ngokwaneleyo, kwakwingxelo efanayo ethi โukugxekwa kukaSirayeli kusemthethweniโ kodwa โukuzama ukuchaza ubukho bakhe njengolwaphulo-mthetho eluntwini akunjalo.โ Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxoxo ezithe ngqo kwezopolitiko, zomthetho kunye nokuziphatha malunga nokuba uSirayeli lilizwe localucalulo okanye hayi. Kukho iincwadi zemfundo kulo mba ezifana neka-Uri Davis Ucalucalulo lukaSirayeli, njengomzekelo omnye. Ngaba ezo ncwadi zichaza uSirayeli njengombuso wocalucalulo ziya kuvalwa? Konke oku akukacaci. Okucacayo kukuba iveki yocalucalulo yakwa-Israeli ibethe yanombilini kubaxhasi bakwaSirayeli. Kodwa ukuba uhlalutyo lukaSirayeli njengelizwe localucalulo luphosakele, kwakutheni ukuze uloyiko olunjalo? Kutheni yonke imizamo yokuvala iveki? Ukuba iinyani zikwicala likaSirayeli, ngoko ke abaxhasi bakwaSirayeli bafanele bakwazi ukuphumelela kwingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokufaneleka, kwiinyani kunye neengxoxo. Akukho mntu unqanda imibutho yeZiyon ukuba iququzelele 'uSirayeli mkhulu' iiveki. Kutheni uchitha loo mzamo uzama ukunqanda amazwi axhasa iPalestina ukuba abeke iingxabano?
Esinye sezona zityholo zichasene ne-IAW sisityholo sokuba ukubiza u-Israyeli njengombuso wocalucalulo kwenza abafundi bamaJuda bangakhuselekanga. Kodwa abafundi abaninzi abangamaYuda bancedise ekuququzeleleni i-IAW: โโngaba bangaphantsi kwamaYuda ngenxa yokuba bengengoZionist? Ngaba u-Ignatieff noKenney baya kungena kwishishini lokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngubani ongumYuda ngoku, kunye nokwenza isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni esemthethweni kwaye engekho mthethweni ukuyithetha?
IiPowusta zokuvala
NgoFebruwari 9, 2009 iYunivesithi yaseCarleton yaba yeyokuqala ukuvala iphowusta ye-IAW. Iipowusta zahliswa ngenxa yesicelo seCarleton's Equity Services, phantsi kwesizathu sokuba iipowusta "zinokubonwa zikhuthaza abanye ukuba baphule amalungelo akhuselweyo kwikhowudi yamalungelo oluntu e-Ontario" kwaye "ayikhathaleli izithethe zentetho yoluntu simahla. noluntu lwedemokhrasi.โ
Ipowusta yenziwe ngumzobi wekhathuni owaziwayo uCarlos Latuff kwaye ubonisa umntwana ebulawa yibhombu yasemoyeni. Oku kwenzeke ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-430 kuhlaselo lwamva nje lukaSirayeli eGaza ngokwengxelo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Indlela lo mfanekiso ubonisa imeko eyinyani โukhuthaza abanye ukuba banyhashe amalungeloโ ayicacanga kwaye ishiywe ingacaciswanga ngabaphathi beyunivesithi. Umntu uyazibuza ukuba ingaba ipowusta ibiyifoto yomntwana wasePalestine owabulawa yibhombu yase-Israel ukuba nayo iyavalwa.
Umba okhathazayo wokuvalwa kwepowusta kukusetyenziswa lulawulo lwaseCarleton 'lwamalungelo oluntu' njengesizathu sokunyhasha inkululeko yokuthetha. Inkqubo apho iphowusta iye yavalwa ilicala licalanye kwaye ayikuvumeli ukubhena: kukho isityholo esingenabungqina kwaye abafundi abakwazi nokuthethelela umsebenzi wabo. Ngaba le yimimiselo "yentetho yentlalontle kuluntu olukhululekile kunye nentando yesininzi" ulawulo lweCarleton lubhekisela kuyo?
Okumangalisayo kukuba, kwa olu lawulo luthi lwavala ipowusta alukwazanga ukubiza inkxalabo eyaneleyo ngamalungelo oluntu okanye ilungelo lemfundo lokuthetha ngokuchasene nokuqhushumba kweyunivesithi yaseGazan. Xa iinjingalwazi ze-56 zaseCarleton zacela uMongameli uRoseanne Runte ukuba agwebe ukuhlaselwa kukaSirayeli kwiYunivesithi yamaSilamsi yaseGaza, uMongameli wala. Nokuba ukubulawa ngokuthe ngqo kwamakhulu abantwana okanye ukuqhushumbiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwekhampasi akwanelanga ukuvelisa ukugwetywa: ipowusta ebonisa ukuqhushumba kwebhombu.
Ukulandela ukhokelo lukaCarleton, ngoFebruwari 20, 2009, iYunivesithi yaseOttawa yaba licandelo lesibini lolawulo lweyunivesithi yaseOttawa ukuvala iipowusta ze-IAW 2009. Njengolawulo lweYunivesithi yaseCarleton, iOfisi yoNxibelelwano yeYunivesithi yaseOttawa yasebenzisa amabango "amalungelo oluntu" abubuxoki ukuvala ipowusta. . Umyalezo omfutshane weOfisi yoNxibelelwano kwiSolidarity for Palestinian Human Rights ufundeka ngolu hlobo:
โIpowusta ephuma kwiqela lekhampasi iSolidarity for Palestinian Human Rights isandulโ ukufika kwingqwalasela yeOfisi yoNxibelelwano. Zonke iipowusta ezivunywe yi-Ofisi yoNxibelelwano kufuneka zikhuthaze inkcubeko yekhampasi apho onke amalungu oluntu angadlala indima ekubhengezweni kwamalungelo oluntu aqaphela isidima sendalo kunye namalungelo alinganayo abo bonke abafundi. Ngenxa yoko, asizukubeka le powusta kwiibhodi zekhampasi yethu. "
Ezinye iiyunivesithi (Wilfrid Laurier, Trent) nazo zayekisa ipowusta ukuba isasazwe kusetyenziswa uhlobo olufanayo lokuzithethelela.
Kwakhona indlela le powusta engasiboni ngayo โisidima sendalo kunye namalungelo alinganayo abo bonke abafundiโ ayicacanga kwaye ayicaciswanga. Akukho ndlela yokwenza isibheno. Enyanisweni, ukuvinjelwa kwepowusta kukungaphumeleli ukuqaphela isidima kunye namalungelo alinganayo abafundi basePalestina kunye nabo bafuna ukuveza ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu basePalestina. Le yenye into entsha: ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwamalungelo oluntu kunye nobulungisa, oluphunyelelwe ngomzabalazo oqhubekayo, ukuthethelela i-fiat yolawulo ngokuchasene nabafundi abazama ukuqhuba iipolitiki zamalungelo oluntu kunye nokulingana.
Njengoko eli nqaku lalibhalwa, iZiko lezobuGcisa iKoffler labhengeza ukuba liyazahlula kumboniso owenziwe nguReena Katz kuphela ngenxa yobudlelwane bakhe bezopolitiko, ngokukodwa kwiVeki yoCalulo lwakwaSirayeli. Ngomhla we-12 kaMeyi, uKoffler kunye nombutho wabazali bakhe i-United Jewish Appeal of Greater Toronto (UJA) ikhuphe izitatimende ezihlukeneyo zoluntu zokuhlukana neKatz. U-Koffler wenza igcisa ukuba linike imbeko kwinkxaso-mali epheleleyo yeprojekthi ngelixa esusa igama likaKoffler, ilogo kunye ne-URL kuyo nayiphi na into enxulumeneyo. Into ehlekisayo malunga neli nyathelo lokuzahlukanisa negcisa kukuba umboniso ongekho kwindawo, unelungelo isandla ngasinye njengoko zibizwa, iqulethe i-sonic kunye nemiboniso ebonakalayo, ukuzisa abadala abavela kuluntu lwamaYuda lwaseToronto kwincoko kunye nokudlala nabafundi baseRyerson Public School. Lo mboniso awunanto yakwenza nePalestina, Palestinians okanye Israel Apartheid. Ukuziphatha kukaKoffler, ngaphandle kokuba yinto ecaphukisayo kwiziko lobugcisa, ibeka umzekelo oyingozi, ukucinezela ubugcisa kunye nokukhetha ukuxhasa imizamo yobugcisa esekelwe kwiinkolelo zezopolitiko zamagcisa kunye neentlangano (jonga iwebhusayithi kaKatz: www.eachhand.org).
Siyaqala ukubona ukuba ukuvalwa kweveki yoCalucalulo lwakwaSirayeli kwanwenwa ngaphaya kweekhampasi. Ingcinezelo, xa sele ikhululiwe, ayiqulathwanga lula: iphumela ngaphandle iye kweminye imiba yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Kutheni ukulimaza umboniso malunga nembali yamaYuda ngesiseko sokubambisana komzobi kunye ne-IAW?
Abaququzeleli be-IAW banomdla wokuvula ingxoxo kunye nengxoxo kuSirayeli. Ngokwenyani bebefuna iingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokukwaywa kwezemfundo kwaSirayeli ukuba zenzeke kwiiyunivesithi zaseCanada. Kwelinye icala, unabaququzeleli abafuna ngokucacileyo ingxoxo eqolileyo ngombandela obaluleke kakhulu kuluntu. Kwelinye icala, abezopolitiko, abaphathi beyunivesithi, kwaye ngoku amaziko enkcubeko azama ukuvala ingxoxo.
Imibutho yabasebenzi
Ukuba iikhampasi ziindawo apho kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho iingxoxo-mpikiswano eziphangaleleyo, zizenze zibe yindawo ekukhutshiswana ngayo, imibutho yabasebenzi yimibutho ecinezela utshintsho oluqhubekayo, kwaye ihlala yohlwaywa ngenxa yoko. Uninzi luqhelene namaphulo e-media smear ngokuchasene neCUPE Ontario, kunye noMongameli wayo uSyd Ryan, xa iSigqibo se-50 esixhasa i-BDS samkelwa lilungu. Esi sigqibo samkelwe ngobuninzi bobulungu beCUPE, kodwa imibutho engaphandle, idelela iinkqubo zedemokhrasi yombutho, iqalise amaphulo okuxhatshazwa kubunkokeli. URyan wafumana izoyikiso zokufa, usihlalo wekomiti yomanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe ngelo xesha kwafuneka atshintshe inombolo yakhe yefowuni kunye nedilesi ye-imeyile ngenxa ye-imeyile enentiyo awayeyifumana. Ngethamsanqa, i-CUPE ayizange ihlehle ngenxa yala maphulo kwaye yaqhubeka nokwenza umgangatho kunye nemfundo yefayile malunga namalungelo asePalestina. Njengoko uRyan wayichazayo: "ugxeke ilizwe lakwaSirayeli kwaye ujongane nokugxekwa okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili, izoyikiso kunye nohlaselo lomntu - olufana nohlobo olutsha lweMcCarthyism."
Kungekudala emva kohlaselo lwaseGaza, inkomfa yecandelo leyunivesithi yaseCUPE Ontario yamkele isindululo esibiza uphando ngonxibelelwano lweYunivesithi yaseCanada kunye neeYunivesithi zakwa-Israel ngakumbi kwindawo yophando lwasemkhosini. Ipasise isindululo sesibini esixhasa intetho ekhululekileyo kumba wePalestine kwiikhampasi. Njengoko ezo zindululo zazixoxwa ngaphakathi kwinkomfa, i-Jewish Defence League (JDL) yaqokelelana ngaphandle iwangawangisa iiflegi zakwa-Israeli, uphawu olunye lwalungumfanekiso kaRyan obekwe ngaphezulu kumzimba kaHitler. Injongo kukuxelela iimanyano zabasebenzi ukubambana nabasebenzi basePalestine kuya kuza ngexabiso loloyiko, ingcungcuthekiso, izityholo ezingcolileyo, kunye nokubethwa.
Ezinye iimanyano, ezifana ne-OPSEU kunye ne-OSSTF, zinezikhalazo ezisebenzayo ngenxa yokuba amalungu azo ohlwaywe ngokuxhoma iipowusta ze-IAW okanye ezinye izinto ezinxulumene nePalestine kwiindawo zabo zokusebenza.
isiphelo
Iphulo elijoliswe kwimibutho yasekuhlaleni yama-Arabhu, izifundiswa ezixhasa amalungelo oluntu asePalestina kunye nabaphembeleli babafundi abaququzelela iminyhadala efana ne-IAW iye yaqaliswa ukugcina intshukumo yobumbano ixakeke ngokuzikhusela. Eli phulo lisebenzisa uluhlu oluninzi lweendlela ezibandakanya izoyikiso zabaxhasi zokuyeka izibonelelo kwiiyunivesithi; imemelela ukugxothwa kwezifundiswa ezisekelwe kumaphulo osasazo okusasaza izityholo, nokungenelela kwamalungu ePalamente.
Impumelelo yamatshantliziyo omanyano lwasePalestine kunye neminye imibutho enenkqubela phambili ikhokelele ekusungulweni kwala maphulo okugrogrisa nengcinezelo. Inqanaba lokuziphindezela intshukumo echasayo ifumana i-gauge efanelekileyo yokuphumelela kwayo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuchaphazela utshintsho kwingqondo yoluntu. Le mpumelelo iphinda ibonakale ekudibaneni okukhulayo kwelungelo lezopolitiko, i-conservatism kunye ne-Zionist movement. I-Zionism ikhula ngokulahlekelwa amandla ayo okwahlula iintshukumo eziqhubekayo kwaye idibaniswe nezopolitiko zaphiko lasekunene.
Olu phuhliso lubonisa ukubaluleka kokwakha amakhonkco onxibelelwano kunye nothungelwano lwentsebenziswano phakathi kweentshukumo ezahlukeneyo eziqhubekayo. Lo mjikelo mtsha wohlaselo ubonisa isoyikiso kwizinto ezininzi ezizuziweyo ngexesha lemijikelo yangaphambili yomzabalazo, ingakumbi amaphulo eentetho akhululekileyo ngeminyaka yoo-1960 noo-1970 kuMntla Melika. Kuphezu kwethu sonke ukuba sithathe uxanduva lokuphelisa lo McCarthyism mtsha. โข
URafeef Ziadah ngumququzeleli kunye ne Umanyano oluChasene noCalulo lwakwaSirayeli.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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