“Nabani na onolutsha unekamva.”

-uHitler kwi mein Kampf

UbuFasi ngeendlela zabo ezahlukahlukeneyo bebusoloko buphumelela ekuhlaseleni abafundisi-ntsapho, izikolo, iingcamango ezigxekayo, imilinganiselo yedemokhrasi, namaqela ekutyholwa ukuba akanamdla welizwe ngoxa ecinezela ukuchasana kutyholwa ngegama lenkululeko. U-Ron DeSantis yi-demagogue yenkolo, yezopolitiko, kunye neengcinga ezibonisa amandla ngokungenalusini njengoko kunethuba. Ujonga inkululeko yezemfundo kunye nenkululeko yokuthetha njengamatyala ekufuneka acinywe, ngokwahlukileyo koko kwenzeka kwiJamani yamaNazi. Uye waxhobisa urhulumente ukuba ohlwaye imizi-mveliso efana neDisney ecela umngeni kwibhili yakhe ethi “ungatsho ukuba gay”. Ubume bobungozi balo mzekelo kufuneka bucace, ngakumbi malunga nendlela odibana ngayo namaqhinga asetyenziswa kulawulo lwengcinezelo kwixesha elidlulileyo.[1] Utyikitye kumthetho oyilwayo wama-233 ofuna ukuba iikholeji zikawonke-wonke zaseFlorida kunye neeyunivesithi zenze uphando lwaminyaka le ngeenkolelo zabafundi kunye neenkolelo zamalungu obuhlakani ukuze “zimisele amanqanaba amaziko 'enkululeko yengqondo kunye nokwahluka kweembono'. Umntu unokucinga kuphela ukuba abo banemibono engavisisaniyo nembono kaDeSantis ngembali, ezopolitiko, kunye negunya baya kubizwa ngokuba “bangenabuzwe” kwaye baya kunyanzelwa ukuba bahambelane nemigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yokufundisa okanye baphulukane nemisebenzi. Oku akufani noko kwenzeka ekuzingelweni kwamagqwirha ngexesha likaMcCarthy yiKomiti yeNdlu ejongene neMisebenzi yaseMelika ngeminyaka yoo-1950 apho iqela labafundi bagxothwayo ngenxa yokuba neembono zokubhukuqa.[2] Ukongeza, izimvo zokuvalwa kweDeSantis, kunye neenkalo zokufunda ezipheleleyo-ezinje ngezifundo zesini kunye nobuhlanga- zijolise ekuguquleni ukufunda kumanqanaba ekholeji nakwiyunivesithi ibe kuhlobo lobudenge, olona sukelo lwayo ikukunciphisa amandla abantu abancinci okucinga. ngokunzulu, funda kwimbali, kwaye wenze amandla aphendule.

Onke amanqanaba emfundo angqingwe eFlorida. Ngokumalunga nemfundo yoluntu, i-DeSantis iqinisa kwaye yandise umgaqo-nkqubo wokucima kunye nokuveliswa kokungazi okuqhelekileyo kwi-GOP ebonelela ngesantya sokuqhubela phambili ukuvalwa kweencwadi kwilizwe lonke kunye nezithintelo zokufundisa ngobuhlanga nesini kwizikolo zikarhulumente. Njengoko uJulianne Malveaux ephawula, “Zingaphezu kwe-1600 iincwadi ezivaliweyo kwizithili zezikolo ezili-138 kumaphondo angama-33 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, njengoko umfutho wokungazi usanda. Phakathi kweencwadi ezivaliweyo - ekaToni Morrison Elona liso Lihle kwaye Zintanda; kunye noMargaret Atwood, I-Tale's Handmaid's Tale. "[3] Ukongeza, njengoko uSara Schwartz ebonisa Iveki yeMfundo: “Ukususela ngoJanuwari ka-2021, abaqulunqi bomthetho kumazwe angama-44 baye bavelisa amatyala okanye eminye imigaqo-nkqubo enokuthintela indlela ootitshala abanokuxoxa ngayo ngobuhlanga nangocalucalulo ngokwesini, ngokohlalutyo lweVeki yezeMfundo. Zilishumi elinesibhozo eziye zavala ezi zinto.”[4]

Le yi-pedagogy yengcinezelo kwinkonzo ye-fascist ideals. Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba kwiJamani yamaNazi, ootitshala ababegqalwa “abangenakuthenjwa ngokwezopolitiko” bahlanjululwa kwinkqubo yesikolo, iincwadi zatshiswa. kwaye amaqela akhethiweyo ajongwa njengezifunxi-gazi.[5] I-DeSantis yamkela i-fascism luhlobo lwenkolo yezopolitiko egxininisa kwimidlalo yeqonga, i-pageantry, kunye nombhiyozo ofana nenkolo yolawulo oluphezulu.[6] Ubuxoki bakhe bobuthixo babonakala kakuhle xa wachazwa njengothunywe nguThixo kwesinye sezibhengezo zakhe zephulo.[7] Imfazwe yakhe kubuchule babafundi bokufundiswa ukucinga, ukuphuhlisa ulwazi lwembali, kunye nokuhlakulela imvakalelo yesibindi sokubandakanyeka ekuhlaleni ziimpawu ezinxulumene ne-demagogues.[8] UDeSantis ufuna ukuguqula imfundo kawonke-wonke kunye nephakamileyo ibe yinkonzo entsha yepropaganda ngokungafaniyo nephupha likaGoebbels lokulawula zonke iinkalo zemfundo kwiJamani yamaNazi. UStephen F. Eisenman ebhala kwi-Counterpunch ngokufanelekileyo uvavanya imigaqo-nkqubo kaDeSantis njengoko echaza uninzi lweenjongo zolawulo lwamaNazi. Kufanelekile ukucaphula ixesha elide:

Kwindoda enabo bonke ubushushu buka-Adolf Hitler kwaye akukho nasinye izakhono zakhe zokuthetha, uRon DeSantis ubonakalisa ukuzingca okungaqhelekanga. Ubambelele kwithiyori egxekayo yobuhlanga, ukuhlangana kweendlela, isazisi, ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, kunye namalungelo okuvota, ngokungathi wazi nto ngawo. Enyanisweni, ii-harangues zakhe ezingazi lutho ziinzame zokuzisa iinkcuba-buchopho ezigxekayo kwaye zikhazimle i-swastika yakhe, oko kutshisa iziqinisekiso zakhe ezikude. Igama elifika engqondweni kulo mongo lithi "Gleichshaltung", igama lesiJamani elithi "ukuzisa ukuhambelana" okanye "uNazification." Injongo yolawulo lwamaNazi ukususela ekuthabatheni kukaHitler igunya ngowe-1933 ukuya kuwiso lweMithetho yaseNuremburg ngowe-1935 yayikukuzisa onke amaziko karhulumente nemibutho yoluntu ukuba ihambelane nentando kaFührer. Ukulawulwa koonondaba, ukulawulwa kobomi bemihla ngemihla, ukupheliswa kwenkululeko ecacileyo, ukutshatyalaliswa kokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko, ulawulo lwemibutho yabasebenzi, ukusekwa korhulumente onguzwilakhe (iqela elinye) kunye nokupheliswa kwamalungelo abantu abambalwa (ingakumbi amaYuda) zonke bezingundoqo. imiba yeGleichshaltung.[9]

Imigaqo-nkqubo kaDeSantis sisiphelo sobungxowankulu obuphulukene namandla okuzikhusela kwaye buguqukele kuhlobo lobufascism. Zonke izinto zimi endaweni yokuvelisa iindlela zokufundisa zengcinezelo ezibandakanya ukukhanyelwa kwembali, kungoko kuvele i-pedagogy ye-amnesia yembali; ukukhanyela amandla eziseko zentlalo ukuvelisa amanqanaba amakhulu okungalingani kubutyebi namandla; Ukwenziwa komntu ngamnye kwi-arhente kunye neenzame eziqhubekayo zokususa iipolitiki kubantu abatsha, ngakumbi ngokufundiswa kokungazi okwenziwe; ukwala ukuvuma ukuba ubunjani bentlalo kunye nezakhiwo ezidibana ngayo; Uluvo loluntu olulungelelaniswe malunga noloyiko kunye nentiyo; kunye nokuthanda amandla kunye nokuphunyezwa kwawo ngolawulo ngokutshabalalisa amaziko akhuthaza ubumi obubandakanyekayo.

Uhlaselo lwakhe kwimfundo yoluntu kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo yinxalenye yezopolitiko ezibanzi zobuhlanga obumhlophe kunye nokuhlanjululwa kobuhlanga ngokusekelwe kwiimfundiso ze-eugenist zethiyori yokutshintshwa kwabamhlophe. Ingcinga yakhe yobumi igcinelwe abantu abamhlophe abangamaKrestu kwaye imiliselwe ngokuqinileyo kwingcinga yolongamo lwabamhlophe. Njengoko kuxelwe nguKathryn Joyce kwi into evanithi ngokuthambile, injongo yokuthatha kukaDeSantis kulawulo lweKholeji eNtsha yaseFlorida engqiyame ngenkqubela kukuyijika ibe yindawo yokusila yokufundisa yasekunene eyenzelwe ukubonisa imfundo yobuKristu neyeklasiki kunye “nokuphelisa umsinga wokufundisa kukaMarxist.” Utshintsho lwenze ukuba uCayeene Linke, owayefunda kwiKholeji eNtsha ngeminyaka yoo-1990s, athi "Ndiziva ngathi ndimi kwinduli ye-Fourth Reich."

IDeSantis isisoyikiso hayi kwimfundo yoluntu nakwimfundo ephakamileyo kuphela kodwa kwidemokhrasi ngokwayo (sele ikwinkululeko). Umthetho oyilwayo ocetywayo wokuvalwa kwezifundo zesini, ukutshabalalisa i-tenure, kwaye ujike ulawulo lwemfundo ephakamileyo kwi-hacks yakhe yezopolitiko ngumfanekiso wesipili wento eyenzekayo kwiJamani yamaNazi nakwamanye amazwe angoozwilakhe ngeminyaka yoo-1930 kunye no-1970. Akukho mathandabuzo amancinci okuba imigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo kaDeSantis iyafana naleyo yayisetyenziswa ngoogunyaziwe ngaphambili. Njengoko umbhali-mbali, uRuth Ben-Ghiat, ephawula:

Abanamandla bayanyamalala abantu, kwaye baphinde banyamalale iindawo zolwazi ezikhuthaza ukucinga okunzulu okanye eziphikisana neengcamango zabo kunye neenjongo zobunjineli bezentlalo. KwiJamani kaHitler, ukugxekwa kobugcisa kwakungavumelekanga. Kwi-Pinochet's Chile, amasebe efilosofi kunye nentlalontle avaliwe. Umlawuli wefilimu uFederico Fellini, owaqala umsebenzi wakhe ngexesha lolawulo lobuzwilakhe lukaBenito Mussolini (1925-1943), walubiza olo lawulo ngokuthi "yinkqubo yobundlobongela" ngokuchasene "nezifundo efuna ukuzingcwaba kwaye zibathintele, ngokungenasiphelo, ukuba zibe yinyani." Kumazwe anamandla, apho ukuthetha phandle kunokuzisa ukonakala kobuchwephesha okanye ukwenzakala emzimbeni kuwe nakusapho lwakho, ukuzivavanya kunokuba licebo lokusinda.[10]

Ibhili yakhe yamva nje ye-HB 999 yenzelwe ukuguqula amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo eFlorida abe ziilabhoratri ze-fascism. Lo mthetho uyilwayo ufuna ukususwa kwawo onke amacandelo ezifundo kunye neenkqubo, kubandakanywa izifundo zesini, ithiyori yobuhlanga ebalulekileyo, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezijongene nemiba ebalulekileyo yezentlalo. Ibiya kuthintela ukufundisa “ipolitiki yesazisi,” yaye ibiya kufuna ukuba umfundi ngamnye athabathe ikhosi yemfundo eqhelekileyo eya kufundisa “imilinganiselo yokuthand’ izwe,” ichazwa “njengemilinganiselo eyimfuneko yokugcina iriphabliki yomgaqo-siseko.” NgokukaDeSantis, ezi nkqubo zivaliweyo zimele into ayibize ngokuba "zizifundo ze-zombie." Kukho ngaphezulu emsebenzini apha ukuba "ulawulo lolawulo."[11]

Ngokwenyani ye-Orwellian, i-DeSantis ilungelelanisa ulwimi lwenkululeko yokukhusela imigaqo-nkqubo yengcinezelo etshabalalisa nayiphi na imbono esebenzayo yenkululeko yezemfundo, kunye nenkululeko yokujongana nemiba ebalulekileyo yentlalo. Ngokomzekelo, uvala iincwadi, ukuhlala, ukuchasana, kunye nokugxeka eklasini egameni lokukhuthaza "inkululeko yobukrelekrele." Ukhusela imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe njengemilinganiselo ephakamisa intetho yoluntu, kodwa ngokwenene zizixhobo nje zokufundisa ngokuthe ngqo. Ingcinga yakhe yolawulo kwimfundo ephakamileyo ibeka amandla kwizandla zabaqhekezi bezopolitiko abathe urhulumente wagunyazisa igunya lokungaqeshwa kuphela kunye nomlilo, kodwa nokuphelisa i-tenure, inkululeko yemfundo, kunye nokumisela iindlela zokufundisa eziya kuguqula isizukulwana sonke. labafundi baba ngabalandeli bobumveku, abangenalwazi, “abathand’ izwe,”. Abantu abancinci abanengqondo basisoyikiso kumabhongo ezopolitiko kaDeSantis kunye nembono yehlabathi, njengaloo maziko karhulumente apho ukufundisa nokufunda okubalulekileyo kunokondliwa khona. Kwala maqhinga manye akhe ajoliswa kulutsha lwaseJamani kwiJamani kaHitler. Imfundo kulo mbono wehlabathi yikhowudi yokufundisa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwenkumbulo, ukuchasana, ukucinga okubalulekileyo, ixabiso lentando yesininzi, kunye nesibindi soluntu.

UDeSantis akafuni ukuba abafundi beve ngobukhoboka, iProjekthi ye-1619, uJames Baldwin okanye u-Audre Lorde phakathi kwabanye kuba inokubenza bangonwabi. Into yokugqibela ayifunayo kukuba ulutsha luve malunga neentshukumo zenkululeko eziMnyama kunye nabaphembeleli beminyaka engamashumi amathandathu ababandakanya i-SNCC, i-Black Panthers, u-Angela Davis, uStokely Carmichael, uMalcolm X, kunye noFred Hampton. Eyona nto yoyikisa abantu abamhlophe kunye nabaxhasi abanenzondelelo yempambano yobungxowankulu bemigulukudu abanjengoDeSantis kukuba le mibutho ayilwanga ubuhlanga kuphela, ikwahlasele amanqanaba amangalisayo okungalingani. Njengoko uTom Hall ecacisa ngokungagungqiyo Iqhubela phambili, "Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yomsebenzi, ngamnye kubo wayeqonda ukuba ubulungisa bobuhlanga bungasoze bube khona ngaphandle kobulungisa bezoqoqosho."[12] Xa siyibeka ngokuthe ngqo, umzabalazo wokuchasana nobuhlanga ubungenakususwa kumzabalazo ochasene nongxowankulu.

Nayiphi na indlela yemfundo ejongana nemiba ebalulekileyo yezentlalo kunye nokuncina kwaye ifunde kwimbali sisiqalekiso kuDeSantis. Akunjalo ngenxa yokuba engazi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba exhamla kubudlelwane bamandla obungxowankulu, imilinganiselo, kunye neengcamango eziqhutywa yimarike ezikhula ngokubawa, ubuhlanga kunye nezopolitiko zokukhutshelwa ngaphandle. Into ayikhabayo yiyo nayiphi na ingcamango yokufundisa egxekayo ephazamisa abafundi, ebandakanya ulwazi olukhathazayo, imibuzo ye-commonsense ecingelwayo, ebandakanya abafundi kwinkcubeko yokubuza imibuzo, kwaye ibafundise indlela yokubeka amandla ekuphenduleni.[13] Imfundo ebalulekileyo ayiqali ngolwimi oluthuthuzelayo, iphinda inkolelo kaDeSantis yokuba aBafundi akufunekanga benziwe bangonwabi kwigumbi lokufundela! Esi sikhundla asiphazamisi nje kuphela ezopolitiko kunye noluntu kubuntu kodwa siyala ukulungelelanisa imfundo kunye nentsingiselo kunye nokukhangela ubulungisa, inyaniso, kunye nokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba abafundi bafunde indlela yokudibanisa ubomi babo kwi-mesh yolwazi kunye nobudlelwane bentlalo. ukwandisa ukucinga ngentlalo noluntu. Imfundo ebaluleke kakhulu ifanele ukunxulumanisa abafundi nenjongo ephezulu, iintshukumo zokukhathalelana, iindlela ezinentsingiselo zomanyano, kunye nentetho yokuxhobisa.

I-DeSantis yamkele ingcamango ye-white supremacist kunye ne-ideology ye-authoitarianism eyasinika uLester Maddox kunye noGeorge Wallace. KuMaddox kunye noWallace, ubuhlanga benziwa njengethiyetha kwaye bakhokelela kuhlaselo olunoburhalarhume kwimizimba yabaNtsundu. KuDeSantis, imfazwe yemfundo imele olunye uhlobo lobundlobongela-uhlaselo engqondweni. Iya entliziyweni yentsingiselo yokubulala idemokhrasi njengento efanelekileyo ngokuthintela amaziko oluntu ekuveliseni abemi abanolwazi nababandakanyekayo. Kwangaxeshanye, into yobuFascist yemigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yemfundo isebenza njengomatshini wokuhlela uhlanga nodidi. Emsebenzini nantsi iprojekthi yemfundo kwinkonzo yokucinezela inkululeko yemfundo kunye nemfundo njengenkululeko, kodwa enye ezinikele kwipolitiki yokulahla, ukunyamalala kunye nokucima.

Wamkelekile kuNazification yoluntu lwaseMelika.

Amanqaku.

[1] Bona, umzekelo, uRuth Ben-Ghiat, Amandla: Mussolini ukuza kuthi ga ngoku (eNew York: Norton, 2020).

[2] Bona, ngakumbi, uEllen Schrecker, "Uvavanyo lwezoPolitiko kooNjingalwazi: Inkululeko yezeMfundo ngexesha leMinyaka kaMcCarthy,” Iprojekthi yeMbali yeYunivesithi yaseCalifornia (ngo-Oktobha 7, 1999).

[3] UJulianne Malveaux, "Imbali yase-Afrika yaseMelika yiMbali yaseMelika, "U Iqhubela phambili (Nge-28 kaFebruwari ngo-2023).

[4] USarah Schwartz, "Ngaba izithintelo ekufundiseni imiba 'eyimpikiswano' iJoge kwiiKlasi zeSayensi?, "U Iveki yeMfundo (Nge-15 kaFebruwari ngo-2023).

[5] Bona uRichard J. Evans, I-Reich Yesithathu Emandleni (ENew York: IPenguin 2005), ngakumbi amaphepha 263-298.

[6] UPaul Jackson, "Iinkolo zezopolitiko kunye ne-fascism,” i-OpenDemocracy (ngoJulayi 29, 2019).

[7] UJared Gans, "UDeSantis ukhupha intengiso entsha ka-2022: 'UThixo wenza umlo', "U Hill (Novemba 4, 2022); Amy Eskind, "I-Ad yephulo likaRon DeSantis uthi wayethunywe nguThixo ukuba 'athabathe iintolo', "U abantu (Novemba 7, 2022).

[8] USuzie Null,Ukuhlaselwa kootishala kunye nokuValwa kweencwadi yiNqaku-Icandelo I: I-Fascist Playbook." phakathi [NgoNovemba 18, 2021].

[9] UStephen F. Eisenman, “Indoda eyomeleleyo yaseFlorida, "U IsiCwangciso soPhakamiso (NgoJanuwari 27, 2023). Kwi-intanethi:

[10] URuth Ben-Ghiat, "Imfazwe yeLungelo kwiiDyunivesithi. " I-New York Review of Books [Ngo-Okthobha 15, 2020]. Kwi-intanethi:

[11] Areeba Shah,"Iingcali zothuswe yi-Florida GOP bill enokuthi 'ibangele kulawulo lovavanyo' kwiikholeji, "U show (Nge-27 kaFebruwari ngo-2023).

[12] UTim Hall, "UDeSantis ngokucacileyo ukholelwa ukuba uBomi abaNtsundu buyinto,” LA Progressive (Nge-27 kaFebruwari ngo-2023).

[13] URuth Ben-Ghiat, "Umbono kaRon DeSantis weDystopian kuLutsha lwaseMelika. " Lucid Substack [NgoFebruwari 7, 2023].

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