Umzabalazo wase-US/UK weMfazwe engaHloliyo i-ARROW Anti-War Briefing 33 (27 February 2003) ISICWANGCISO SE-WAR IRAQ Update Number 12

UXOLO YIMFAZWE

'Inkulumbuso iya kusungula "iphulo lokugqibela loxolo" ecaleni kokunikezelwa kwesigqibo esitsha seBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN kule veki,' uNombolo 10 uthe nge-22 Feb: 'Ukuzinikela kwisisombululo esongezelelweyo kugxininisa ukuzimisela kwethu ukuhlola zonke iindlela ezinokwenzeka. ukuzisa umphumo woxolo. Ukuba siya emfazweni, kungenxa yokuba kufuneka sihluthe izixhobo uSaddam.' (Umkhangeli, 23 Feb., iphe. 1)

'Ukuva ukuba iBritane kunye ne-US sele iqalile ngoku "kukukhuthaza uxolo" kukwenza uzibuze ukuba ngaba abo basentliziyweni karhulumente bayifundile i-1984 kaGeorge Orwell ... ngoku ulungiselela.' (UDonald Macintyre, umbhali wemihlathi, Independent, 25 Feb. 2003, p. 18)

'Ukunikezelwa' okanye unikezelo lwesigqibo sabo 'kwaphawula isiqalo sento amagosa ase-US naseBritani ayichaza njengotyhalo lokugqibela lokuphumelela inkxaso yebhunga kwisigqibo sokuya emfazweni.' (Washington Post, 25 Feb.)

ISIGQIBO ESIYILAYO SEMFAZWE

Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba inikezelwe, idrafti yesigqibo sase-US / UK bekusalindeleke ukuba ibhengeze i-Iraq ukuba "yaphule izinto" kwizibophelelo zayo zokuthotywa kwezixhobo, kwaye ilumkise ukuba iya kujongana "neziphumo ezibi". (Sunday Telegraph, 23 Feb., p. 28)

Emva koko, 'iLondon yabonakala yenza ukuba iWashington ikhethe isicatshulwa esilula ngaphandle kokuchaza "imiphumo emibi" ukuba uSaddam uyasilela ukuthobela.' (Sunday Times, 23 Feb., iphe. 1)

Kwaye isisombululo esisayilwayo asisatsho ukuba i-Iraq 'yaphula ngakumbi' izibophelelo zayo. 'Isigqibo esisayilwayo asiyi kubonelela ngagunya licacileyo lokuqhuba imfazwe. Itsho nje ukuba ibhunga "lithatha isigqibo sokuba iIraq ayiphumelelanga ukuthatha ithuba lokugqibela elinikwe yona kwiSigqibo 1441."

Ibeka amabinzana amaninzi abalulekileyo kwintshayelelo, kuquka nokufumanisa ukuba i-Iraq ikwindawo “yokwaphulwa kwento ethile”-okanye ukwaphulwa kwezibophelelo zayo zokuthotywa kwezixhobo kunye nokulumkisa i-Iraq “ngeziphumo ezibi” ukuba ayihluthi. Loo mabinzana aye agqalwa njengezinto ezixhokonxa imfazwe. Ngokuzibeka kwintshayelelo, aziyi kuba nasisindo sasemthethweni kodwa zaziza kuphumeza injongo yokubonisa injongo yeWashington yokuthatha inyathelo lomkhosi.' (Washington Post, 25 Feb., p. A01)

Ngokwenyani, uyilo aluyifumani i-Iraq "kukwaphulwa kwento engaphezulu". Ithi 'kwisisombululo sayo 1441 iBhunga [loKhuseleko] lagqiba ukuba iingxelo ezingeyonyani okanye ezishiyiweyo kwisibhengezo esingeniswe yi-Iraq ngokulandela eso sigqibo kunye nokusilela yi-Iraq nangaliphi na ixesha ukuthobela, nokusebenzisana ngokupheleleyo ekuphunyezweni kwe, eso sigqibo, siya kwenza olunye ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ikwafumanisa ukuba isibhengezo siqulethe 'iingxelo zobuxoki kunye nezinto ezishiyiweyo' kwaye i-Iraq 'iye yasilela ukuthobela, nokusebenzisana ngokupheleleyo ekuphunyezweni kweso sigqibo'. Kodwa isigqibo asithathwanga ngokwenyani. Mnye kuphela 'umsebenzi' okanye umhlathi obophelelayo ngokwasemthethweni kwisisombululo esitsha. Itsho nje ukuba iBhunga lezoKhuseleko 'Lenza isigqibo sokuba i-Iraq iye yasilela ukuthatha ithuba lokugqibela elinikwe yona ngesisombululo 1441.' 'Amagosa ase-US kunye naseBrithani athi isisombululo sabhalwa ngolu hlobo ukunika iBritane kunye namanye amazwe "ngokhuseleko olusemthethweni" ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe ekhokelwa yi-US ngelixa enikezela abachasi bemfazwe "i-cover yezopolitiko" ukuqinisekisa abantu babo ukuba abazange bagunyaze. isenzo somkhosi.' (Washington Post, 25 Feb., p. A01)

'Ayikuniki sigunyaziso esicacileyo sentshukumo yomkhosi kwaye ayitsho nokuba i-Iraq "yaphule umthetho" wesigqibo sikaNovemba ophelileyo 1441… Amagama abhalwe ngabom… Umphathi ophezulu uthe: “Isisombululo silula kakhulu. Besifuna ukwenza iziphumo ezibi ngaphandle kokuba sebusweni bakho malunga noko. Abantu baseMelika babecace gca ukuba ngokusemthethweni abafuni sigqibo konke konke. Kodwa ngokwezopolitiko sifuna ithuba lokuba iBhunga lezoKhuseleko lihlale lilawula.” ' (Telegraph, 25 Feb., iphe. 1)

'Ngomzamo wokuphumelela ama-waverers, i-US kunye neBrithani baye balahla ithemba lesisombululo esiya kugunyazisa ngokucacileyo imfazwe kwaye sikhethe endaweni yenguqu enamanzi ephinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iguqule i-UN yokugqibela kwi-Iraq, i-1441.' Igosa laseBhritane lathi, 'ulwimi lwantlandlolo lwamaMelika' lwalunzima kakhulu ekufuneni amagama athi "ukwaphulwa kwezinto" njalo njalo. Sithe kufuneka ubuyele emva kwisisombululo 1441, kungenjalo awuzukufumana iivoti ezilithoba.' (Umgcini, 25 Feb., iphepha 1, 5)

Ngoko ke, 'umhlathi osebenzayo wawungenasiphelo kwaye akukho sisongelo sicacileyo semfazwe.' (FT, 25 Feb., p. 8) 'Umbuzo wawungowokuba amalungu eBhunga axengaxengayo angabhalisa kwisicatshulwa esinokuthi, ngelixa sinokubonwa njengento ethethelela ngokusemthethweni yi-US kwisenzo somkhosi, banokuphikisana yayiyingxelo elula enyanisweni, kungekho mvumelwano yemfazwe.' (FT, 25 Feb., p. 8) Kodwa asiyongxelo elula yenyani.

I-IRAQ AYISILELANGA UKULITHATHA ELITHUBA

I-US izimisele kwimfazwe. Ukuhlolwa ngumqobo kwimfazwe, ngoko ke kufuneka kujongelwe phantsi kwaye kuvalwe ngokukhawuleza. Unobhala welizwe lase-US u-Colin Powell uthe kwinyanga ephelileyo, 'Umbuzo awungowokuba ufuna ixesha elingakanani ukuze uhlolwe ukuze usebenze. Ukuhlola akuyi kusebenza.' (I-Independent, 23 Jan., p. 1)

Intsebenziswano yaseIraq kunye nabahloli ngumqobo kwimfazwe. Ngoko ke kufuneka ihlanjululwe. UMongameli Bush uye wazama ukugxotha ukuthotyelwa kwe-Iraqi: 'USaddam Hussein ngoku unokulindeleka ukuba aqale omnye umjikelo wemvumelwano engenanto, ukukhanyela ubuxoki ngokuphandle. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo uya kudlala umdlalo wenkohliso ngomzuzu wokugqibela. Umdlalo uphelile.' (Telegraph, 7 Feb., p. 1) ‘Zonke iintetho zemfazwe ezivela eLondon naseWashington ziye zasitha iimvume zokwenene esele zenziwe yiIraq,’ uphawula oko umbhali wemihlathi uMary Dejevsky. (Izimela, 26 Feb., p. 18)

Ezinye zezi zichazwe kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko ngomhla we-14. NgoFebruwari nguMphathiswa wezangaPhandle waseFransi uDominic de Villepin, kwintetho ephumelele ukuqhwatywa kwezandla zoonozakuzaku: 'Inkqubela phambili yokwenene iyaqala ukubonakala: I-Iraq iye yavuma ukujongwa emoyeni phezu kwendawo yayo. ; iye yavumela izazinzulu zase-Iraq ukuba zibuzwe ngabahloli ngaphandle kwamangqina; umthetho oyilwayo othintela yonke imisebenzi enxulumene nezixhobo zenkqubo yokutshabalalisa abantu abaninzi ukwinkqubo yokwamkelwa, ngokuhambelana nesicelo sexesha elide sabahloli; I-Iraq iza kubonelela ngoluhlu oluneenkcukacha lweengcali ezibone ukutshatyalaliswa kweenkqubo zomkhosi ngowe-1991.' (www.un.int/france/>)

Singalibali ukufikelela ngokulungeleyo kwabahloli kumabhotwe kaMongameli. Ukuba sifuna ukuvavanya ukuthotyelwa kwe-Iraqi, kufuneka silandele inkqubo ebekwe kwiSigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN 1284, esicele abahloli ukuba benze 'imisebenzi eseleyo yokuthotywa kwezixhobo' e-Iraq, besithi 'yintoni efunekayo kwi-Iraq ukuze kuphunyezwe. umsebenzi ngamnye uya kuchazwa ngokucacileyo kwaye uchaneke'.www.un.org/Depts/unmovic/>

Esi yayisisigqibo esacetywayo saxhaswa yiBritane, ngenkxaso yase-US. Ngoku iFransi izama ukufumana iBhunga lezoKhuseleko ukuba liphumeze esi sigqibo. Imemorandam entsha kaFranco-Russo- German icela ukuyilwa 'kwemisebenzi engundoqo yokuthotywa kwezixhobo' ukuba 'ikhawuleziswe': 'Imisebenzi eseleyo engundoqo iya kuchazwa ngokwenqanaba layo lokuqala. Yintoni efunekayo e-Iraq ekuphunyezweni komsebenzi ngamnye kuya kuchazwa ngokucacileyo kwaye ichaneke. Ukuchongwa okucacileyo kwemisebenzi ekufuneka igqitywe kuya kunyanzela i-Iraq ukuba isebenzisane ngakumbi. Iza kubonelela ngeendlela ezicacileyo zeBhunga ukuba lihlole intsebenziswano yase-Iraq.' (24 Feb. 2003,http://www.un.int/france/>)

Inokuthi i-Iraq ingaluphumelelanga njani uvavanyo lokuthotywa kwezixhobo? Ungamtshonisela njani umntu xa ungalibhalanga nephepha loviwo, singasathethi ke ngokulinikezela kumntu ovavanywayo, okanye unikwe isicwangciso esicacileyo sexesha ekufanele kugqitywe ngalo?

INGABA I-1441 IGUMISE IMFAZWE?

Isisombululo esisayilwayo sase-US/UK asigunyazisi ngokucacileyo imfazwe, kodwa amagosa aseBritane 'athi abonelela ngegunya elisemthethweni "lokungangeni manzi" emfazweni', kwaye le yimbonakalo eqhelekileyo umntu ayifumana kumajelo eendaba aseBritane. 'Iya kubangela iziphumo ezibi kakhulu ezisongelwa kwisisombululo 1441.' (Telegraph, 25 Feb., p. 1) Ibinzana elithi 'iziphumo ezibi' lichazwa phantse jikelele njenge 'khowudi yozakuzo' yesenzo somkhosi, ngaloo ndlela igunyazisa imfazwe.

Bubuxoki obu. Unjingalwazi uVaughan Lowe, uChichele uNjingalwazi woMthetho waMazwe ngaMazwe ngamazwe kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford, kunye negqwetha eliziqhelileyo licelwe yiRadio 4 Namhlanje inkqubo ukuba iqwalasele ukuba semthethweni kwemfazwe e-Iraq ngoDec.www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/today/reports/international/ir aq_hearing.shtml>:

Wathi, 'Inkcazo kumhlathi we-13 weSigqibo [1441] ukuba "iBhunga liye lalumkisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-Iraq ukuba iya kujongana nemiphumo emibi ngenxa yokuphulwa kwayo okuqhubekayo kwezibophelelo zayo" yinkcazo elula yeBhunga lezoKhuseleko. kwenziwa kwixesha elidlulileyo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokoluvo lwam itolikwe njengesigunyaziso esicacileyo okanye esichaziweyo kwiZizwe ezizimeleyo ukuba zithathe inyathelo lomkhosi ngokuchasene ne-Iraq kwixesha elizayo. 'Ngokuqinisekileyo, umhlathi we-13 ulingana nesoyikiso "seziphumo ezibi" ukuba i-Iraq yophula izibophelelo zayo kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa akukho nto kumhlathi we-13 ecebisa ukuba iziphumo ziya kugqitywa kwaye zithathwe nguye nabani na ngaphandle kwequmrhu elithe, phantsi kwenkqubo esekwe kwimihlathi eyandulelayo ye-11 neye-12, enikwe uxanduva lokuthatha isigqibo malunga nendlela yokusabela kukwaphulwa kwezinto eziphathekayo: ukuba liBhunga lezoKhuseleko ngokwalo. Ngokulinganayo, inyaniso yokuba isiGqibo 1441 asikuthinteli ngokucacileyo ukusetyenziswa komkhosi oxhobileyo ngokucacileyo asinako ukufikelela kwisigunyaziso esichaziweyo sokusebenzisa izigalo… Uninzi lwezigqibo zeBhunga lezoKhuseleko azikwaleli ngokucacileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: akukho mntu unokukuphikisa oko. ngoko ke bonke bagunyazise. Isigqibo sam, ke ngoko, sesokuba, phantsi kweemeko zangoku, kuya kungqubana nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukuba i-United Kingdom ibandakanyeke kumkhosi we-Iraq, okanye incedise naliphi na elinye iLizwe ekuthatheni inyathelo elinjalo, ngaphandle kokuba igunyaziswe ngokuphandle ukuba yenze njalo. IBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo.' Ngaloo ndlela sitshitshisa isisombululo esitsha. I-US kunye neBhritane babandakanyeka kumdlalo wokugqibela wemfazwe yobundlobongela engekho mthethweni.

(Nceda ubone kwakhona i-ARROW Anti-War Briefings 25: Ukwaphulwa kwezinto eziphathekayo / 28: Isisombululo sesibini / 31 Imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yemvelaphi ebalulekileyo kwisisombululo sase-US / UK.) 0845 458 2564

INCWADI YE-ARROW Isicwangciso seMfazwe yase-Iraq: Izizathu ezilishumi ezichasene neMfazwe yase-Iraq nguMilan Rai (Verso, 2002)

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