Inqaku loMhleli: Ukusukela ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba, kubanda ingqele ekrakra, amakhulu amawaka amafama amise iinkampu zoqhanqalazo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwimida yekomkhulu laseIndiya, iNew Delhi. Eyona mfuno yabo kukurhoxiswa kwe imithetho emithathu yeefama ihlanjwe yipalamente ngurhulumente wasekunene uNarendra Modi ngoSeptemba. Abalimi boyika ukuba le mithetho iya kuwathoba amaxabiso abawafumanayo ngemveliso yabo kwaye ivule indlela yoshishino olukhulu kwezolimo. Usoqoqosho owaziwayo uPrabhat Patnaik uhlalutya ezinye zeengxoxo eziphambili ezenziwa kulo mongo.
I-intelligentsia yaseIndiya inomdla ongakholelekiyo wokuginya iingxoxo zokuzingca zobungxowankulu bemetropolitan ekucingelwa ukuba zenza "ubulumko bezoqoqosho," kwaye akukho ndawo icace ngakumbi le nto kunakwimeko yoqoqosho lokutya lwaseIndiya. Kukho ubuninzi bephepha eliphakathi amanqaku Kumaphepha-ndaba kule mihla acebisa ukuba ama-kisans (abalimi) baseIndiya mabayeke ukuvelisa ukutya okuziinkozo besiya kwezinye izivuno, nto leyo eneneni ibango ekudala lisenza amazwe ombaxa. La mazwe anentsalela yokutya okuziinkozo, kwaye ke afuna iIndiya ingenise ukutya okuziinkozo kuwo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno yasekhaya yaseIndiya ngaphezulu kwemveliso yasekhaya. Oku kuya kubuyisela ilizwe iintsuku zangaphambi koHlaziyo lweNguquko, kwaye ngoku amalungu e-Indian intelligentsia aphindaphinda, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, le mfuno ye-metropolitan yokwahlukana kude nokutya okuziinkozo.
Enye yeengxoxo zabo kukuba ii-kisans ezivela kumazwe asePunjab naseHaryana zibanjwe 'i-cereal trapโ apho bahlala bevelisa iicereals ezingenangeniso kakhulu kubo kwaye ilizwe ngoku linentsalela ngenxa yokuba balukuhlwe lulungiselelo lwexabiso eliphantsi lenkxaso (MSP) elinciphisa umngcipheko wabo. Ngamanye amaxesha ingxabano ibekwa ngokwahlukileyo: iPunjab kunye neHaryana kisans kufuneka zihambe MSP-imisebenzi exhaswayo kwezinye ezinengeniso eninzi, apho uModi, mhlawumbi ngokukhawuleza, abonelela ngendlela ngemithetho yakhe emithathu yezolimo.
Esi sikhundla siphela, ngaphandle kokuvakalisa imfuno yamazwe ahambele phambili, kunye nokuxhasa urhulumente we-Modi ngokungafihlisiyo okanye ngokucacileyo, kwakhona kubonisa ukudelela okufanayo kwi-kisans njengoko kuboniswe ngurhulumente; ezi ngqondi zinombono wokuba iqela labantu abangenalwazi abanakukubona oko kulungileyo kubo, kodwa uModi unako. Kodwa masingazinanzi iinjongo kunye nokucalula kwezi ngqondi kwaye sihlolisise nje ingxoxo yabo.
Akukho kuphikisa ukuba kukho ubuninzi ukutya okuziinkozo ne Iqumrhu lokutya laseIndiya (FCI) okwangoku kwaye oku kube yinto eqhelekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseIndiya mva nje. Kodwa ukugqiba koku ukuba i-Indiya ikhula ngaphezu kweenkozo zokutya ezaneleyo kwiimfuno zayo kukuphakama kobudenge. Ilizwe elibekwe ngo-2020 I-94 phakathi kwe-10 Amazwe ayi-7 athwaxwa yindlala, ngokutsho kweGlobal Hunger Index, ayinakuthiwa iyakwazi ukuzimela ngokutya okuziinkozo nokuba inezitokhwe ezishiyekileyo. Esi ayisosigqibo nje esingenamthetho. Nanini na xa inani lamandla okuthenga ezandleni zabantu liye landa, izitokhwe ziye zancipha, oko kuthetha ukuba i-stock buildup ibangelwa ukunqongophala kwamandla okuthenga ezandleni zabantu kunokuba babe nokutya okuninzi njengoko befuna.
Isisombululo kwi-stock buildup, ngoko ke, kukuba beka amandla okuthenga ezandleni zabantu ngokusebenzisa udluliselo nangokwandiswa kuluhlu lwe ISikimu seSiqinisekiso seNgqesho yaseMahatma Gandhi yeSizwe. Umnqa, ukwenza oko bekungayi kuxabisa nantoni na kurhulumente. Ukuba urhulumente uboleka i-Rs 100 (i-dollar encinci) kwiibhanki ukwenza ezi ntlawulo, kwaye ukuba le mali efika ezandleni zabantu abasebenzayo ichithwa kwiinkozo zokutya, iya kubuyela kwi-FCI. I-FCI, nayo, yayiza kubuyisela le mali kwiibhanki eyayiboleke kuzo ukuthenga ukutya okuziinkozo kwii-kisans. Njengoko i-FCI iyinxalenye karhulumente ngokwawo, oku kuthetha ukuba yintoni isandla sokunene sikarhulumente esiya kuboleka kwiibhanki (ukudluliselwa), isandla sasekhohlo sikarhulumente siya kuhlawula (nge-FCI); bekungayi kubakho ukwanda okuthe kratya kumatyala karhulumente xa ewonke. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba iFCI, nangona iphantsi kukarhulumente, ingekho kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali (yayingekho kwasekuqaleni koo-1970), kuya kubakho ukonyuka kwintsilelo yemali. kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, nangona kunjalo, ayinamsebenzi kwaphela.
Ngamanye amazwi, xa isityalo sele sithengiwe kwi-kisans, sinikezelwa ebantwini kunokuba sigcinwe njengempahla ayiyi kuba nemiphumo emibi; ngokuchaseneyo, iluncedo kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi: iphelisa indlala, iphucula imigangatho yokuphila yabantu kwaye inciphisa iindleko zokubambisa.
Sicinge ngasentla ukuba onke amandla okuthenga afika ezandleni zabantu achithwa kwiinkozo zokutya, kodwa nangona inxalenye yayo ichithwa kwezinye iimpahla, ihlala inenzuzo ngokupheleleyo kuqoqosho olunyanzeliswa yimfuno. Kuyinyani, intsilelo yemali iya kunyuka kule meko ngendlela eyiyo kwaye hayi nje ngokufihlakeleyo njengakwimeko yangaphambili, kodwa. oku akunakuba neziphumo ezibi nantoni na; ngokuchaseneyo, iya kubonelela ngenkuthazo yokuvuselela uqoqosho ngokunyusa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla kumacandelo angengawo ukutya okuziinkozo.
Kodwa ukuba endaweni yokubeka amandla okuthenga ezandleni zabantu ukuba baphakamise ukutya okuziinkozo, umhlaba okhulayo ukutya okuziinkozo unikezelwa kwezinye izinto, ngoko ke. oko bekuya kuthetha ukuba abantu babulawa yindlala ngonaphakade. Ekubeni indlala ingenxa yokunqongophala kwamandla okuthenga kunye nabantu, ukuguqulwa kokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukusuka kwiinkozo zokutya ukuya kwezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo, kunokunciphisa indlala kuphela ukuba umsebenzi opheleleyo oveliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ngokungathanga ngqo ngokutshintshwa okunjalo kuphezulu kunangaphambili. Ngoku, nokuba sicinga ukuba ukuqeshwa ngehektare nganye kuyafana nokuba ihektare inikezelwe ukutya okuziinkozo okanye esinye isityalo, utshintsho olunjalo kusetyenziso lomhlaba aluyi kunciphisa indlala, njengoko amandla okuthenga asezandleni zabantu aya kuhlala eyimpumlo. njengangaphambili. Ke i-panacea yokunciphisa indlala ayilotshintsho lwe-acreage kude nokutya okuziinkozo kodwa ukubeka amandla okuthenga ezandleni zabantu. Kwaye malunga nengxoxo yokuba i-kisans kufuneka ihambe isiya ekusetyenzweni kwezolimo, loo nto ayinamkhethe, kodwa ayenzi ingxoxo yokunciphisa i-acreage phantsi kweenkozo zokutya.
Kukho, enyanisweni, kakhulu umbono ogwenxa oqhelekileyo Apha. Ukuba ihektare enikelwe ekuveliseni iinkozo zokutya ifumana ingeniso encinane kuneehektare enye enikelwe kwesinye isityalo, ngoko ke ukushenxa kwiinkozo zokutya kufanele ukuba kuluncedo. Umbono ongeyiyo ulele kwinto yokuba asiyongeniso efunyenwe ngehektare nganye ebalulekileyo eluntwini kodwa ingakanani na ingqesho eveliswa ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo ngotshintsho olunjalo (kucingelwa ukuba lonke ixesha ukutya okuziinkozo kunokungeniswa ngaphandle kweengxaki ngamaxabiso ahambayo; yona ngokwayo a bubuxoki ngokupheleleyo ukucinga kwilizwe lama impiriyali). Ukuba ukutshintshwa kwe-acre ukusuka kwiinkozo zokutya ukuya kwisityalo esithile semali yokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle kuyiphinda kabini ingeniso ye-kisan yokufumana umhlaba kodwa ibe sisiqingatha ingqesho eveliswa kuloo hektare, kubandakanywa noko kuveliswa ngokuphindaphinda iziphumo, oko kukuthi, inkcitho yengeniso ephezulu, ngoko ingaba kukwanda okukhulu kobuhlwempu emaphandleni. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni ii-kisans ezithatha umhlaba ziphulukane nomvuzo wazo ophezulu njengoko iinkampani ezithenga kuzo ukuze zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle zinokubhida amaxabiso azo azithengileyo ngenxa yobuhlwempu obukhulu obukhoyo. Ke ngoko ayisiyiyo ingeniso yengeniso ecacileyo kodwa sisiphumo sokuqeshwa kokutshintshwa kwe-acreage ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. (Kwaye noko akwanelanga ngenxa yokujijwa kwengalo yama impiriyali kulo naliphi na ilizwe elixhomekeke ekutyeni-ngaphandle.)
Ukuba isisombululo sokuqokelela isitokhwe silele ekubekeni amandla okuthenga ezandleni zabantu, isisombululo sokungabikho kwenzuzo kwi-kisans kwimveliso yokutya okuziinkozo silele ekunyuseni i-MSP kunye namaxabiso okuthengwa kweengqolowa zokutya. Kuya kuxoxwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ukuba i-MSP kunye namaxabiso okuthenga aphakanyisiwe, oko kuya kuphakamisa amaxabiso okutya kubathengi, kodwa oku akusiyo i-sequitur. Amaxabiso okuthenga anokunyuswa ngaphandle kokunyuswa kwamaxabiso ngokunyuka kwenkxaso-mali yokutya. Kwaye nabani na ochasayo oko kunyuswa kwenkxaso-mali yokutya ngenxa yokuba kukho ukunqongophala kwezixhobo zokuhlangabezana nentlawulo yenkxaso-mali kufuneka akhumbule ukuba ikhona ukwabiwa ngokutsha eluntwini, ikhona ukuzama ukuphucula ukwabiwa kwengeniso, kubandakanya ukurhafisa abanye ukuxhasa abanye. Nabani na okhalayo ngomvuzo omncinci wabalimi kodwa engazimiselanga ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zezimali zokuyilungisa kukunganyaniseki ngokupheleleyo, ukuphalaza iinyembezi zengwenya kubalimi ngelixa eneneni eqhubela phambili, engazi mhlawumbi, i-ajenda yama impiriyali. Kwaye konke oku kukwahluke ngokupheleleyo kwinto yokuba into ebonakala ekuqaleni njengendlela elula yokunyusa ingeniso yabalimi, ngokutshintshela kwizityalo ezinemali eninzi, inokubenza bahlwempuzeke xa amaxabiso ezi zityalo esihla kwimarike yehlabathi, njengoko bebeya kuba njalo kuba bephantsi koguquko olubanzi (apho inkqubo yeMSP ikhusela abalimi).
Abalimi abaqokelelene kumda waseDelhi baqonda yonke le miba ngokucacileyo ngakumbi kunokuba iModi okanye iingqondo ezikhuthaza ukutshintshwa kokutya okuziinkozo. Okuhlekisayo kukuba, lelona qela lamva licebisa ukuba abalimi bazizidenge!
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