Ha Venezuela e lebile likhethong tsa eona tsa leshome le metso e mehlano tse shebiloeng machabeng ka lilemo tse leshome[1], tlhaselo ea boralitaba khahlanong le mmuso oa Chavez o khethiloeng ka demokrasi e ntse e tota. Ka la 3 Mmesard, Mongoli oa New York Times Simon Romero o ile a fana ka letsoho ho bohanyetsi ba maemo a holimo, ba neo-liberal ba Venezuela ka ho sotha litaba tse monate mabapi le boiteko ba ’muso khahlanong le bobolu hore e be leeme le leeme haholo mabapi le seo ho thoeng ke mahloriso a lipolotiki.
A sa bue hakaalo ka lintlha tse 'maloa tse amehang, Romero o ile a etsa tlhahiso ea hore Chavez a tšoaroe ntle ho mabaka ha Moahloli María Lourdes Afiuni hobane feela a sa khahlise mopresidente, le hore sena ke karolo ea boiteko ba Chavez ba ho nka taolo ea boahloli le ho khutsisa khanyetso.[2]
Ha ho nahanoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, ho tšoaroa ha Moahloli Afiuni ka lebaka la ho lumella rabanka ea ruileng hore a lokolloe litlamong 'me kahoo a balehe ka har'a naha ho bontša boiteko ba' muso ba ho theha molao oa tsamaiso ea molao lefapheng la libanka le tsamaiso ea toka e neng e senyehile historing. E boetse e hlakisa mathata a tebileng makhotleng a boahloli a Venezuela, e bonts'a hore ho na le ho hongata ho lokelang ho etsoa ho lokisa mathata ana ka botlalo.
Ho Etsahetse'ng?
Se etsahetseng ke sena: Ka 2007, ba boholong Venezuela ba ile ba tšoara Eligio Cedeño, mopresidente oa mehleng oa libanka tse peli, ka qoso ea ho utsoa liranta tse limilione tse 27 ho tsoa setsing sa tsamaiso ea lichelete tsa kantle ho naha, CADIVI, ka konteraka ea bohata ea kantle ho naha.
Ka December e fetileng, mmuso o ile oa matlafatsa lipatlisiso tsa bona tsa bobolu lekaleng la libanka, e leng se ileng sa lebisa ho tšoaroeng ha libanka tse 10 bakeng sa bomenemene le ho felisoa kapa ho etsa naha ea libanka tse robeli tse neng li tlotse melao ea naha ea libanka - ho kenyeletsoa le libanka tsa mehleng tsa Cedeño, Banco Canarias le. Banco Bolivar. Baokameli ba bararo ba libanka ba ile ba baleha ka har’a naha ho qoba liqoso, kahoo ’muso o ile oa beha lithibelo tsa nakoana tsa maeto a machaba ’me oa hapa thepa ea bo-ralibanka ba bang ba ka bang mashome a mararo ba neng ba ntse ba hlahlojoa.[3]
Bohareng ba tsena tsohle, ka la 10 Tšitoeth, Moahloli Afiuni o ile a fetola maemo a tumello ea ho tšoaroa ha Cedeño ho mo lumella hore a lokolloe litlamong. Habohlokoa le ho feta, o entse joalo nyeoeng e sa boleloang ntle le ho tsebisa mochochisi ho tsoa ofising ea Attorney General, ho tlola molao oa tsamaiso ea kotlo. Cedeño o ile a lokolloa litlamong ’me, matsatsi hamorao, a fihla Miami, moo a ileng a tšoaroa ke balaoli ba tsa bojaki ba U.S. ka lebaka la ho kena naheng eo ntle ho molao.[4]
Haeba tlōlo ea molao feela ea Afiuni e ne e le mokhoa o fosahetseng oa boahloli, joale a ka be a sa tšoaroa. Ho e-na le hoo, a ka be a ile a khalemeloa ke Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo ho latela melao ea lona ea boitšoaro, e leng mokhoa o laetsoeng ke Molaotheo oa 1999 e le ho netefatsa boikemelo ba Lekala la Boahloli. Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho e-na le bopaki ba hore Afiuni o ne a rerile ho thusa Cedeño ho qoba ho tobana le liqoso har'a mahlabisa-lihlong a ntseng a eketseha a bolotsana ao a neng a ameha ho ona. Kahoo, bachochisi ba naha ba ile ba qosa Afiuni ka morero oa bolotsana, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore a tšoaroe.[5]
Ho bohlokoa ho supa hore ha ho Moahloli Afiuni kapa Eligio Cedeño ba neng ba etsa lets'olo khahlanong le kapa ho nyatsa mmuso. Ba sothang taba e le ho khutsisa bahlahlobisisi ba 'muso ba fositse ebile ba molato oa ho khelosa sechaba ka boomo. Moahloli le rabanka ba ile ba tšoaroa ka lebaka la bobolu le bomenemene, ka ho latellana, 'me ba tla ea nyeoeng joaloka baahi ba bang.
Ke boikaketsi bo boholo ho eona mecha ea phatlalatso e reng ho na le batšoaruoa ba lipolotiki neng kapa neng ha ’muso o nka mehato e matla khahlanong le bobolu le botlokotsebe hore le bona ba nyatse ’muso ka ho se etse ho lekaneng ka bobolu le botlokotsebe, ho itšetlehile ka hore na ke khalemelo efe e loketseng nako efe kapa efe. .
Leha ho le joalo, ho tlameha ho totobatsoa hore ho ne ho e-na le mathata a amanang le ho tšoaroa ha Cedeño le Afiuni. Ka mohlala, Romero o bua ka liakhente tse tharo tsa litokelo tsa botho tsa U.N. tse nyatsang ho koalloa ha Cedeño. Khalemelo e ne e thehiloe tabeng ea hore ho koalloa ha Cedeño ho ile ha nka lilemo tse ka bang peli pele nyeoe ea hae e qala, e leng ho tlōla tokelo ea hae ea nyeoe e neng e loketse.[6] Ka 'nete, liteko tse liehileng haesale e le bothata ebile e ntse e le bothata naheng ea Venezuela.
Empa sena hase bopaki ba mahloriso a tataisoang ke ’muso; e bonahatsa ho se sebetse hantle ha tsamaiso ea boahloli ka kakaretso. Mathata a joalo a tsamaiso a tlameha ho khetholloa joalo le ho hlahlobisisoa ka botlalo, molemong oa mehato e felletseng ea mmuso ea ntlafatso ea boahloli.
Tsamaiso ea Boahloli ea Venezuela
Tsamaiso ea boahloli ea Venezuela e na le bothata bo boholo ba bobolu bo nyenyefalitseng molao oa molao le ho sebeletsa lithahasello tsa bohatelli bo busang ba mekha e 'meli ka lilemo tse mashome pele ho Chavez. Lipolao tse 'maloa tse tummeng hampe tse laetsoeng ke mmuso tsa bahanyetsi ba lipolotiki ho pholletsa le lilemo tsa bo-1980 li ile tsa lula li se na kotlo ho fihlela joale, 'me mmuso oa Chavez o ntse o batlisisa liketsahalo le ho fumana litopo tsa bahlaseluoa.[7]
Bobolu bo ntse bo le teng kajeno, 'me ho ntse ho e-na le bahlaseluoa, empa hase bona ba totobatsoang ke khanyetso le balekane ba bona ba machaba ba mecha ea litaba. Ba kenyelletsa bahlophisi ba mahaeng ba fetang 220 bao, matšolong a bona a ho fumana likotoana tsa masimo ho latela Molao oa Naha oa 2001 oa ’muso, ba bolailoeng ke babolai ba sebeletsang lithahasello tsa beng ba masimo ba bangata.[8] Beng ba masimo bana ba ruileng, ba hlokolosi ba sebelisa chelete ea bona ho ba le tšusumetso e makatsang makhotleng le ho basebeletsi ba ’muso oa libaka, ’me ka lebaka leo ke batho ba ’maloa feela ba ileng ba ea teronkong ka lebaka la litlōlo tsena tsa molao.[9]
Ha ho makatse hore ebe lihoai tsena tse se nang mobu ha li totobatsoe mecheng ea litaba e tloaelehileng, bonyane eseng ka kameho ea 'nete bakeng sa ntoa ea bona. Ho e-na le hoo, babolai ba bona ba sireletsoa khahlanong le seo ho thoeng ke “litlhaselo” tse tšehelitsoeng ke ’muso tse sokelang thepa ea botho.[10]
Ha ho nahanoa ka moelelo ona, nyeoe ea Moahloli Afiuni e bontša mathata a mabeli a maholo tsamaisong ea toka: Tšoaro ea hae ha a le chankaneng le monyetla oa ho kena lipakeng ke makala a mang a ’muso ha a tšoaroa.
Meqomo
Sengoliloeng sa Romero se fana ka maikutlo a hore Afiuni o hlorisoa ka ho kenngoa seleng e lerootho chankaneng e le 'ngoe le batšoaruoa bao a ba ahlotseng kapa ba halefileng feela tsamaisong ea boahloli eo a e emelang. E le ho hlaka, ha ho na bopaki bo hlahisitsoeng hore tokelo ea Afiuni ea ts'ebetso e loketseng e hatakiloe, kapa hore o amohuoe boitsebiso kapa 'muelli oa molao, kapa litokelo tse ling tse joalo, joalokaha molumo oa Romero o ka bolela.
Sistimi ea chankana ea Venezuela e tumme hampe, e sa hlokomeloe hantle, e bolile ebile e le kotsi ka lilemo tse mashome, haeba e se ho feta. Likhohlano tse tšollang mali le merusu li ile tsa tšoaea lilemong tsa bo-1990, hammoho le palo ea batšoaruoa ba 32,000 1992 ka 2006. ’Muso oa Chavez o ile oa thakhola lenaneo la ho thusa batho lichankaneng ka 11, le ileng la tlisa tlhokomelo e ntlafetseng ea bophelo bo botle, libaka tsa lipapali le lithuto tsa ’mino lichankaneng tse ngata.[20,000] Leha ho le joalo, lichankana li ntse li tletse ka palo ea baahi ba fetang 12 lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, 'me ho bile le keketseho ea morao tjena palo ea batšoaruoa ka lebaka la mehato e matla ea mmuso e khahlanong le botlokotsebe. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea bobeli ho tse tharo ea batšoaruoa e 'nile ea emela nyeoe ka linako tse itseng, 'me batšoaruoa ba makholo ba bolaoa lintoeng selemo le selemo.[XNUMX]
Ehlile, moahloli ha aa lokela ho fumana sele ea cozier feela ka lebaka la sehlopha sa hae sa moruo le moruo. Kahoo, haeba motho a tletleba ka litokelo tsa Afiuni e le motšoaruoa tabeng ena, o lokela ho bontša hore batšoaruoa bohle ba hloka mananeo a molemo ho ba thusa ho tsosolosoa le ho kenngoa sechabeng. Tlhaloso ea Afiuni ho New York Times ea hore o ikutloa eka o "liheleng" hase bopaki ba tlhaselo leha e le efe e tobileng e etelletsoeng ke 'muso khahlanong le eena ka ho khetheha, empa ho e-na le hoo ke pontšo ea hore ho na le ho hongata ho lokelang ho etsoa ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea chankana ea Venezuela.
Boipuso ba Boahloli
Taba e ’ngoe ea bohlokoa ke hore na boipuso ba boahloli bo ile ba tšehetsoa nyeoeng ea Afiuni. Nakoana ka mor'a hore Afiuni a lumelle hore Cedeño e lokolloe, Molaoli oa Lekhotla la Sechaba Carlos Escarrá, eo e leng 'muelli oa molao oa motheo le Moahloli oa mehleng oa Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo, o ile a nyatsa Afiuni phatlalatsa. Escarrá o itse: "E ne e le karolo ea botlokotsebe, 'me ho feta moo, o ile a thusa Cedeño hore a phonyohe. “Toka e lokela ho lekana bakeng sa bohle. Joalo ka ha motho ea utsoang sengoathoana sa bohobe a kenngoa teronkong, ka mokhoa o tšoanang rabanka kapa rakhoebo o tlameha ho fumana boima bo felletseng ba molao,” o boletse joalo.[13]
Beke hamorao, ka mor’a hore Cedeño a fihle Miami, Mopresidente Chávez o ile a bontša khalefo ea hae ea hore moahloli o ne a tla ameha ka ho toba khahlanong le boiteko ba ho loantša bobolu tsamaisong ea toka. A re Afiuni o lokela ho qeta dilemo tse mashome a mararo teronkong. "O tlotse molao, qalong, hobane ha ho moahloli ea ka tsamaisang nyeoe ntle le mochochisi ... o teronkong, 'me ke batla hore moahloli enoa a tšoaroe hampe," ho boletse mopresidente.[14]
Na liphatlalatso tsee tsa sechaba tse hlahang Legislative Branch le Executive Branch li etsa interventions in the Judicial Branch, ho tlola molao oa motheo oa naha? Red de Apoyo para la Justicia y la Paz, mokhatlo o ikemetseng oa litokelo tsa botho Caracas, o re sena se ka phehisana khang.
“Ntho e ’ngoe ke seo motho a se bolelang phatlalatsa ka nyeoe. Ha ho letho le phoso ha ralipolotiki a etsa polelo ea hore motho o lokela ho kenngoa teronkong, "Mohokahanyi oa Kakaretso Pablo Fernández o boleletse Venezuela Analysis bekeng e fetileng. “Ntho e ’ngoe ke karabelo ka hare ho lekala la boahloli. Na phatlalatso e mabapi le Afiuni e ile ea utloisisoa le ho etsoa joalo ka taelo? Kapa Ofisi ea Akhente e Akaretsang e ile ea latela mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea nyeoe e joalo?”[15] Ho fihlela joale, ho bonahala eka bachochisi ba latetse litloaelo tsa moahloli ea qosoang ka tlolo ea molao.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng la taba ea boipuso ba makhotla, sehlopha sa litokelo tsa botho se ikopantseng le bohanyetsi Caracas, PROVEA, se supile Tlalehong ea sona ea Selemo ea 2009 hore ho na le tsietsi lipakeng tsa liphatlalatso tsa basebetsi ba Lekala la Phethahatso le tse ling tsa liketso tsa Lekhotla. Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo, Ofisi ea Akhente e Akaretsang, le Ofisi ea Basireletsi ba Sechaba.[16]
Ketsahalo e joalo ka tsietsi ka boeona ha e bolele ho tlōla boipuso ba boahloli. Hoa hlokahala ho sheba linyeoe ka botsona bakeng sa bopaki ba hore liphatlalatso tsa mopresidente li susumelitse kapa li nyenyefatsa toka.
Mohlala, PROVEA e re baipelaetsi ba lipolotiki ba 509 ba ts'oeroe ka nakoana kapa ba ts'oaroa ka lilemo tse leshome tsa tsamaiso ea Chavez. Mokhatlo ona o ba bitsa “batšoaruoa ba lipolotiki le bahlaseluoa ba leeme la lipolotiki,” hape ke bahlaseluoa ba “tšebeliso ea basebeletsi ba boahloli e le lisebelisoa tsa ho tšosa,” e leng se bolelang hore mokha o busang oa lipolotiki o ile oa kenella lekaleng la boahloli.[17]
Litlaleho tsa litaba tsa lehae li tiisa hore boipelaetso bo bong ba bohanyetsi ba Venezuela bo na le khotso 'me bo bong bo mabifi,' me bo bong bo qala ka khotso ebe bo ba mabifi. Boipelaetso ba khotso bo etsahala khafetsa ntle le khatello ea mapolesa. Ho fapana le hoo, mapolesa a koala tsela ho fihlela mokoloko o fela. Leha ho le joalo, litlaleho tsa lipaki tsa mahlo li tiisa hore mekolokong e mabifi, eo lilemong tsa morao tjena e neng e etelletsoe pele ke lihlopha tsa baithuti ba bohanyetsi, baipelaetsi ba hlasela mapolesa a sebelisa li-cocktails tsa Molotov, libetsa tse entsoeng hae, letjeketjane, majoe, likhalase le lithunya tsa nako le nako. Mapolesa a arabela litlhaselong tse mabifi ka li-pellets tsa polasetiki le khase e tabolang, 'me baithuti ba khutlela likampong tsa bona tsa univesithi, moo mapolesa a sa keneng teng hobane molao o thibetsoe. Ho kenella lipakeng tsa litlhaselo tse mabifi ho mapolesa, lihlopha tsa baipelaetsi ba se nang libetsa li khumama ka pel'a mapolesa ka matsoho moeeng, ba hlahisa setšoantšo sa mahlatsipa a se nang pefo bakeng sa mecha ea litaba.[18] Mecha ea litaba e ka sehloohong, ho kenyelletsa le New York Times, e oela molaong ka ho fana ka litaba tsa bohata le ho sotha liketsahalo hore li lumellane le molaetsa oa bona oa bohlophisi, ho bolela hore 'muso oa Chavez o hatella baipelaetsi ba khotso.[19]
Moipelaetsi leha e le ofe ea hulang sethunya kapa bomo mapolesa a U.S. le linaheng tse ling tse ngata o tlosoa ka potlako ke sefako sa likulo. Empa Venezuela, baipelaetsi ba joalo ba tšoaroa ka nakoana kapa ba tšoaroa, haeba ho joalo.
Taba ea hore Mopresidente Chavez o nyatsa phatlalatsa boipelaetso bo mabifi joalo ha bo etsahala, mme ka nako e 'ngoe a khothaletsa mapolesa ho ba lihela ka khase e llang, ha ho bonahale e le tlolo ea boipuso ba boahloli, kapa tokelo ea baipelaetsi ea toka. Ho bonahala ho le thata haholo hore litlhaloso tsa Chavez li hlile li susumelitse mapolesa ho nka khato le baahloli ho busa ho feta kamoo ba neng ba tla ba le bona, kapa ka tsela e thata ho feta kamoo ba neng ba lokela ho ba le eona.
Phetoho ea Puso ea Boahloli
Ho hlakile hore ho tšoaroa ha Afiuni ho hlahisoa ho etsa hore ho shebahale eka ke mahloriso a naha a reretsoeng, empa e hlile e le phello ea boiteko ba 'muso ba ho lokisa mathata a nako e telele a tsamaiso. Hape ho hlakile hore bahanyetsi ba 'muso ba sebelisa khang ea mahloriso a lipolotiki ho sireletsa balekane ba bona ba lipolotiki ha ba etsa tlōlo ea molao. Ntle le litaba tsena tse peli, bahlahlobisisi ba bang ba boetse ba re boikitlaetso ba mmuso oa tokiso ea boahloli ka boeona bo hataketse boipuso ba boahloli.
Nakoana ka mor'a hore Chavez a nke mosebetsi ka 1999, ho ile ha thehoa Komisi ea Tokiso ea Boahloli 'me 80% ea baahloli ba naha ba ile ba tlosoa ka lebaka la bobolu. Ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke baahloli ba nakoana ba neng ba khethiloe ke komisi bao ho neng ho thoe ke ba nakoana.[20] Leha ho le joalo, PROVEA e bontšitse Tlalehong ea eona ea Selemo hore ho tloha ka 2008, ke 51% feela ea baahloli ba kileng ba hlahlojoa le ho fuoa likahlolo tse feletseng, ha 49% e ntse e le ea nakoana.[21] Ho ka 'na ha phehoa khang ea hore 49% eo e ka 'na ea susumetsoa ke litakatso tsa' muso tse li behileng. Ho feta moo, lebaka le leng leo ka lona ts'ebetso ea ho hlahloba baahloli ba nakoana e nkileng nako e telele hakana ke hore ba bangata ba ile ba fumanoa ba e-na le bobolu 'me ba ile ba theoloa litulong,' me ha behoa ba bacha libakeng tsa bona. Ho ferekana hona ho sa khaotseng ha baahloli, ka bomalimabe, ho sitisitse boikemelo le sepheo sa linyeoe tse ngata, e leng taba eo hape e entseng hore batho ba nyatse.
Molao oa 2004 oa Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo le oona e bile taba eo ho phehisanoang ka eona mabapi le boipuso ba boahloli. Ka mor’a hore Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo le lumelle ho phethola ’muso ka April 2002 khahlanong le Chavez ka ho etsa qeto ea hore e ne e se phetohelo, molao oa 2004 o ile oa fetisoa ka boiteko ba ho fetola Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo le nang le lipolotiki ka ho hlakileng. Molao ona, hara tse ding, o ne o dumella Seboka sa Naha ho thapa le ho hlakolwa baahlodi ka bongata bo bonolo ba voutu, haeba bongata ba divoutu tse pedi ho tse tharo di sa fihlelwe ka mora ho kgethiswa ha dikgetho tse tharo le ngangisano. Matla ana, bahlahlobisisi ba re, a bonahala a etsa hore Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo le be tlas'a tumellano ea lipolotiki ea Seboka sa Sechaba, seo boholo ba sona e neng e le pro-Chavez. [22]
E le ho etsa hore tšebetso ea liphetoho e be e atlehileng le e sebetsang haholoanyane, ’muso o ile oa thakhola lets’oao la bobeli la boiteko ba ntlafatso ka 2005. Ho ile ha theoa melaoana ea melao ea boitšoaro, ’me makhotla a masepala a ile a theoa ho akofisa tšebetso ea linyeoe le ho ntlafatsa phihlello ea baahi ho toka. Likhomishene tse ngata tse ncha li ile tsa theoa ho ntlafatsa boitšoaro ka har'a tsamaiso ea toka le ho felisa tjotjo, bobolu, tlōlo ea molao, le litlolo tse ling tse tloaelehileng. Komisi e 'ngoe e joalo, National Justice System Commission, e ne e entsoe ka baemeli ba Lekhotla la Naha, Lekhotla le Phahameng la Toka, Lekala la Toka le Litaba tsa ka Hare, sepolesa, tsamaiso ea chankana, ofisi ea Attorney General, ofisi ea Public Defender. . Komisi e ne e filoe mosebetsi oa ho hokahanya maano a naha bakeng sa ntlafatso ea tsamaiso. [23] Tlalehong ea eona ea Selemo ea 2009, PROVEA e ile ea nyatsa hore motsoako oa makala a mmuso a teng ka har'a komisi "e theha ntlha e sa feleng ea ho kenella ke matla a mang lekaleng la boahloli."[24]
Ka bomalimabe, ho sa tsotellehe boiteko bona ba liphetoho, bobolu bo ntse bo atile. Phuputso ea 2009 ea baahloli ba Venezuela, e entsoeng ke mokhatlo oa litokelo tsa botho Development and Justice Consortium, e bontšitse hore ke karolo ea boraro feela ea baahloli ba nahanang hore baahloli ba amohelang tjotjo baa lumelloa, 'me halofo ea baahloli e itse baahloli ba tlōlang melaoana ba lelekoa. 25]
Liqoso tsena tse mabapi le boipuso ba boahloli li na le motheo o itseng ’me li tlameha ho nahanoa, empa ho hang ha li pake hore ho tšoaroa ha Moahloli Afiuni e ne e le mohlala oa mahloriso kapa ho khutsisa bahanyetsi ba ’muso, leha e le hore mahloriso a joalo ke mokhoa o ntseng o hōla Venezuela. Leha ho le joalo, ba totobatsa bothata - hoo e batlang e le moferefere - oa ho kenella tsamaisong ea boahloli e nang le lipolotiki ka sepheo sa ho theha boipuso ba boahloli.
Nahanisisa
Ka la 3 Mmesard sengoloa sa New York Times, Romero o ile a qhekella le ho sotha lintlha tse mabapi le nyeoe ea Afiuni hore e lumellane le kemiso ea Times ea ho sitisa litaba tse tšepahalang le lipuisano tse mabapi le Venezuela, ho ntšetsa pele tšenyo ea tlhahisoleseling khahlanong le mmuso oa Chavez o atileng mecheng ea litaba ea machabeng.
Romero o ile a tiisa hore Moahloli Afiuni le Eligio Cedeño ke batšoaruoa ba lipolotiki. Ho hlakile hore sena ha sea nepahala, haholo-holo kaha ha ho na bopaki bo fanoeng ba hore ba ne ba le mafolofolo lipolotiking. Karolo ea hae e boetse e bolela, ka ho se be le moelelo o lekaneng, hore mmuso oa Chavez ke sesosa se ka sehloohong sa mathata a tsamaiso ea boahloli. Sena se boetse se fosahetse ebile ha se na boikemelo. Romero o bile a ea bohōleng ba ho bapisa Afiuni ka mokhoa o hlakileng le Dalai Lama qetellong ea sehlooho sa hae, a tiisa ho se be le maikutlo a tebileng ha Times ha a bua ka litaba tsena.
Sengoliloeng sa Romero ke nyeliso ho batšoaruoa ba 'nete ba lipolotiki ba Latin America - ba nakong e fetileng le ba kajeno - ba hlokofalitsoeng, ba bolailoeng, le ho nyamela ke bahatelli le mebuso ea neo-liberal e neng e sebelisa tsamaiso ea toka e le sesebelisoa sa khatello ea ho felisa bahanyetsi. Hape, sengoloa sa Romero se sitisa bamameli ba hae ba machaba puong efe kapa efe e hahang mabapi le mathata a tsamaiso ea toka ea Venezuela le mokhoa oa ho a hlola, ho latela nalane ena e nyarosang.
'Muso oa Venezuela o entse boiteko ba phetoho e kholo, e tsitsitseng ea tsamaiso ea boahloli. Sena ha se e-s'o atlehe ka ho feletseng ho fihlela joale. Empa karabelo ea bohanyetsi - ho nyatsa ka mangole boikitlaetso bo bong le bo bong boo mmuso o bo etsang phetohong, ho beha molato ohle ho mmuso oa Chavez bakeng sa mathata a tsamaiso ea boahloli, le ho ipolela hore ke batšoaruoa ba lipolotiki - e senya ebile ha e thuse ho rarolla bothata ba histori ea tsamaiso ea boahloli ea Venezuela.
Notes
[1] "Litokelo tsa Botho Venezuela," Embassy ea Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela United States, la 24 Hlakola 2010, http://www.embavenez-us.org/factsheet/FS-HR%20in%20Venezuela02242010.pdf
[2] Romero, Simon, "Ho Nyatsuoa ha Chávez ho Fokotsoe ke ho Tšoaroa," The New York Times, April 3, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/04/world/americas/04venez.html?scp=1&sq=afiuni&st=cse
[3] Suggett, James, "Venezuela e Hlōla Thepa ea Bareki ba Lafisoang ka Bomenemene," Venezuela Analysis, December 12, 2009, http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/4999
[4] Janicke, Kiraz, "Venezuela ho Batla Katoloso ea Banka ba koaletsoeng U.S.," Venezuela Analysis, December 22, 2009, http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/5024
[5] Red de Apoyo Mohokahanyi Kakaretso Pablo Fernández Blanco, puisano ea botho, April 6, 2010.
[6] http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=33273&Cr=judges&Cr1
[7] Suggett, James, "Venezuela e Tsoela Pele Lipatlisiso tsa Lipolao Tsa Bone tsa Rephabliki," Venezuela Analysis, October 1, 2009, http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/4830
[8] Suggett, James, "Batšehetsi ba Lihoai tsa Venezuela ba Tsamaea Khahlanong le Lipolao ke Beng ba Matlo," Venezuela Analysis, October 3, 2009, http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/4838
[9] Ho ea ka Adriana Ribas, setho sa Ezequiel Zamora National Campesino Front, bangoli ba lintho tse tšeletseng le sengoli se le seng se bohlale sa lipolao tsena ba tšoeroe. Farrel, Jojo; Phokojoe, Mikaele; le Martinez, Carlos, Venezuela ea Bua!: Mantsoe a tsoang Grassroots (Oakland: PM Press, 2010), 58.
[10] Mehlala e mengata, kaha e hlaha khafetsa letotong la likoranta tse kholo tsa bohanyetsi tse phatlalalitsoeng ke naha, empa ke ena ea ngoahola. "Litlhaselo tsa Denuncian masivas Puerto Píritu," El Universal, September 2, 2009, http://noticias.eluniversal.com/2009/09/02/pol_art_denuncian-invasiones_1548622.shtml
[11] Sengoliloeng se latelang se qotsa Human Rights Watch, NACLA, le mehloli e meng mabapi le taba ena. Janicke, Kiraz, "Venezuela e Tsamaisa Tsamaiso ea Chankana ea Botho Har'a Likotlo Tsa Tlala," Venezuela Analysis, March 11, 2008, http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/3260
[12] Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos, "Informe Annual 2009: Derechos de las Personas Privadas de Libertad," PROVEA, 2009, http://www.derechos.org.ve/proveaweb/wp-content/uploads/18-c%C3%A1rceles.pdf
[13] “Escarrá fustiga a jueza del caso Cedeño por ser 'complice de un delito',” Noticias24, December 15, 2009, http://www.noticias24.com/actualidad/noticia/128996/escarra-fustiga-a-jueza-del-caso-cedeno-por-ser-complice-de-un-delito/
[14] “Chávez solicitó pena máxima para jueza que liberó a empresario Eligio Cedeño,” Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias, December 11, 2009, http://www.abn.info.ve/noticia.php?articulo=211496&lee=4
[15] Red de Apoyo Mohokahanyi Kakaretso Pablo Fernández Blanco, puisano ea botho, April 6, 2010.
[16] Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos, "Informe Year 2009: Derechos a la Justicia," PROVEA, 2009, leq. 249, http://www.derechos.org.ve/proveaweb/wp-content/uploads/13-justicia.pdf
[17] hape.
[18] Gabriel, George le Suggett, James, "Baithuti ba Venezuela le Mabotho a Tšireletso ba Khohlano ka Pefo ha Phehisano ea Referendum e ntse e Eketseha," Venezuela Analysis, January 28, 2009, http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/4148
[19] Farrell, Jojo, "US Media Bias le Pefo ea Haufinyane ea Baithuti Venezuela," Litoro tse Tloaelehileng, November 15, 2007, http://www.commondreams.org/archive/2007/11/15/5247
[20] Wilpert, Gregory, Ho fetola Venezuela ka ho nka Matla: Nalane le Maano a Mmuso oa Chavez (New York: Verso Books, 2007), 45.
[21] Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos, "Informe Year 2009: Derechos a la Justicia," PROVEA, 2009, leq. 248, http://www.derechos.org.ve/proveaweb/wp-content/uploads/13-justicia.pdf
[22] Wilpert, 47.
[23] Bolivarian Lawyers Front Member Alexander Eñaranda, puisano ea botho, April 6, 2010.
[24] Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos, "Informe Year 2009: Derechos a la Justicia," PROVEA, 2009, leq. 248, http://www.derechos.org.ve/proveaweb/wp-content/uploads/13-justicia.pdf
[25] “80% de jueces no confían en métodos para sancionarlos,” El Universal, December 21, 2009 http://www.eluniversal.com/2009/12/21/pol_art_80-de-jueces-no-con_1704275.shtml
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