Khoebo e na le tšusumetso e ntle ho isa bohōleng bofe lefatšeng le tlas'a phetoho e mpe ea boemo ba leholimo e bakoang ke batho? Bekeng eo baetapele ba mmuso ba kopaneng ka eona Bonn ho buisana ka Kyoto Protocol e senyehang ka potlako, The Guardian e ile ea shebana le phehisano ea boemo ba leholimo ('Melt Down', July 18, 2001). Motlalehi oa tikoloho Paul Brown o entse mosebetsi o motle oa ho hlophisa bopaki le ho pheta qeto ea bo-ramahlale ba nang le matla a boemo ba leholimo ea hore 're lokela ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše ka 60 ho isa ho 80% bohareng ba lekholo la lilemo ho tsitsisa boemo ba leholimo pele lintho li tsoa taolong. Empa, ntle le bopaki bo tšehetsang, o ile a thoholetsa likhoebo tse kholo bakeng sa 'phetoho e makatsang' ho arabeleng tšokelo ea ho futhumala ha lefatše.
Paul Brown o ile a bua mantsoe a tsotehang a hore ‘mohlomong sebaka se khanyang ka ho fetisisa setšoantšong se lerootho e bile phetoho e sa tloaelehang maikutlong a khoebo e khōlō.’ Brown o ile a tsoela pele, ‘Ntle le lik’hamphani tse ling tsa oli tsa United States tse nang le Exxon/ Mobil (Esso in Europe) e ka holimo-limo lethathamong, mokhatlo oa khoebo o arabela ka potlako tšokelong ea ho futhumala ha lefatše.’ Polelo e tšehetsang karabelo ena e potlakileng le ‘phetoho e sa tloaelehang’ ke e latelang: ‘Lilemong tse hlano tse fetileng lik’hamphani tse kang Ford, lik’hamphani tsa oli li rata BP le Shell li se li qalile ho kenya libilione liphuputsong tsa theknoloji e ncha.’ Ena ke setšoantšo se sa fellang, hantle, sa se ntseng se etsahala.
Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela, puo e tala ea k'hamphani ea oli ha e tsamaisane le liketso tse tala. BP - e seng e kopantsoe le Amoco le Arco - e ikemiselitse ho eketsa thekiso ea thekenoloji ea matla a letsatsi ho $ 1 bilione ka selemo ka 2010. Shell International - boitekong ba ho ts'oara matsapa a matla a letsatsi a BP - qetellong e ile ea nka khato e kholo 'marakeng. bakeng sa mehloli ea matla a tsosolositsoeng ka October 1997. Sehlopha sa Anglo-Dutch se phatlalalitse hore se tla tsetela liranta tse limilione tse 500 lilemong tse latelang tsa 5 ka sepheo sa ho hapa bonyane karolo ea 10 lekholong ea 'maraka oa lefatše bakeng sa lisele tsa letsatsi le photovoltaic ka 2005.
Leha ho le joalo, matsapa ana a tsoang ho lik'hamphani tse kholo tse lakatsang ho rua molemo ho bao e ka bang bahapi ba mebaraka ea ka moso linthong tse nchafalitsoeng, ha e bake "khoebo joalo ka tloaelo" likoloi. Matsete a Shell ho lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng ke liperesente tse 10 feela tsa chelete e sebelisoang ke setsi sa oli ho lekola hydrocarbon ($ 1 bilione ka selemo), 0.8% ea matsete a lefats'e ($ 12 billion) le liperesente tse 0.06 feela tsa thekiso ea eona ea lefats'e ($ 171 bilione) - e theohile. ka moqomong, ka mantswe a mang. Ka 1999, karolo e nchafalitsoeng ea Shell le BP Solar e ile ea koala mesebetsi ea ntlo-kholo UK 'me ea fallela mose ho maoatle, e totobatsa ho hloka boitlamo ba bona ba ho theha mesebetsi lekaleng la matla a tsosolositsoeng la Brithani.
Litšehetso tsa US tsa BP le Shell e ne e le litho tsa Global Climate Coalition, sehlopha se tummeng hampe sa ho amohela mafura a mafura se hanang bonnete ba ho futhumala ha lefatše, ho fihlela ka Mphalane 1996 le Mmesa 1998 ka ho latellana. Ba ile ba ikhula ho GCC feela kamora khatello e kholo ea sechaba ho bona ho etsa joalo. Leha ho le joalo, BP le Shell ka bobeli e ntse e le litho tsa Setsi sa Amerika sa Petroleum, se khothalelitseng mmuso oa US hore o se ke oa tiisa Tumellano ea Kyoto. Ka 'nete, Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa Baetsi (NAM), o kenyelletsang boholo ba indasteri e kholo ea Amerika, o bua pepenene khahlanong le bona: 'NAM e hanyetsa tumellano ena ka matla. Ho ela hloko keletso ea NAM, ka 1997 Senate e ile ea amohela qeto ea Byrd (D-WV)/Hagel (R-NE) e hanyetsang tumellano leha e le efe ea boemo ba leholimo ea lefatše e sa kenyelletseng linaha tse tsoelang pele le/kapa e sokelang tšenyo e khōlō moruong oa U.S. Protocol ea Kyoto e hloleha maemong ka bobeli. Mopresidente Bush o boetse o hanyetsa Kyoto 'me hona joale o ntse a phehella mokhoa o utloahalang oa ho fetola boemo ba leholimo o thehiloeng ho saense e utloahalang, lipatlisiso le theknoloji' ( www.nam.org, 19 July, 2001).
Lentsoe le leng le leholo la khoebo ea US, Moifo oa Khoebo oa US, ka mokhoa o tšoanang o ikemiselitse ho timetsa Protocol ea Kyoto. Lengolong le eang ho e ncha Mopresidente oa United States, Lekhotla la United States le ngotse: 'Ho futhumala ha lefatše ke taba ea bohlokoa e lokelang ho rarolloa - empa Kyoto Protocol ke selekane se fosahetseng se seng molemong oa U.S. U.S. Chamber e lumellana le tlhahlobo ea Tsamaiso ea hau - kutloisiso e kholoanyane ea saense ea ho futhumala ha lefatše e ea hlokahala ho rarolla lipelaelo mabapi le tšusumetso e ka bang teng ea mesebetsi ea batho ketsahalong ena. Liphuputso tse ling lia hlokahala ho hlahisa maano a molemo ka ho fetisisa a ho sebetsana le bothata bona' (www.uschamber.org 19 July, 2001). Webosaeteng ea eona, U.S. Chamber e bolela ka boikhohomoso hore ke mokhatlo o moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oa khoebo o emelang likhoebo tse fetang limilione tse tharo. mekhatlo ea boholo bo bong le bo bong, lekala le sebaka. Ho hongata ho moqolotsi oa litaba oa tikoloho Paul Brown ‘letheba le khanyang ka ho fetisisa setšoantšong se lerootho’!
Khetho ea George W. Bush, eo ka boeena e leng monna oa oli ka khoebo, e ile ea finyelloa ka tšebeliso ea matla a maholo a lichelete a khoebo. Khanyetso ea Bush ho Kyoto Protocol e mpa e bonts'a lithahasello tsa batšehetsi ba hae. Julian Borger oa Guardian oa ngola, 'Puong ea Bush, khoebo ke lentsoe le le leng feela ... Sena se haufi haholo kamoo ho ka khonehang ho kena pusong ea demokrasi ho 'muso oa khoebo, khoebo le khoebo.' (Borger, 'All bo-rakhoebo ba mopresidente', The Guardian, 27 April, 2001) Robert Reich, mongoli oa mehleng oa basebetsi ba Clinton o phaella ka ho re, 'Ha ho sa na matla a ho hanyetsa Washington. Khoebo ke eona e laolang mechine ea ’muso ka ho feletseng.’ (ibid)
Ha e le hantle likhoebo tse kholo li ikemiseditse ka tjantjello ho thibela le ketso e sa reng letho ho lwantsha ho futhumala ha lefatshe - ditjeho tsa nako e kgutshwane di nkuwa e le tse phahameng haholo. Tšebeliso ea liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 100 tsamaisong ea Sechaba ea Tšireletso ea Missile e ratoa ka mabaka a amanang le eona - ho arabela 'tšokelo' ea 'libaka tse mabifi' ho akarelletsa ho tšela libilione tsa lidolara tsa lekhetho liak'haonteng tsa banka tsa khoebo e kholo ea theknoloji e phahameng. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, morero oohle oa khoebo oa ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše ke boiteko ba ho hlahisa thekiso le phaello e ntseng e eketseha - thibelo le boikarabelo ha li teng lenaneong.
Selemong se fetileng, BP e bile le tlhahiso ea bocha e le 'Beyond Petroleum' e nang le lets'oao le lecha la "Helios" la sunburst. Bahlahlobisisi ba ile ba araba ka hore BP e hlile e lokela ho emela ‘Burning the Planet’. BP e iponahalitse e le k'hamphani ea matla e ikarabellang tikolohong, empa sena sea thetsa. Joalokaha Greenpeace UK e tlalehile selemong se fetileng, 'keketseho ea BP ea tlhahiso ea oli e hlakola boitlamo ba eona ba ho boloka carbon ka makhetlo a mangata. E ka 'na ea ipolela hore ke eona e etellang pele k'hamphani ea letsatsi, empa e na le merero e fokolang ea ho tsetela ea lik'hamphani tse tšeletseng tse holimo tsa letsatsi. BP ha e na leano feela la ho tsoa ka har’a oli, empa ha e le hantle e potlakisa ho batla ha eona libeso.’ ( Frontier News, Volume 2 Issue 9, email bulletin, La 20 Mmesa, 2000).
Joalokaha Andrew Rowell a senotse ho 'Green Backlash' (Routledge, London, 1996) le Sharon Beder ho 'Global Spin' (Green Books, Totnes, 1997), e se e le tloaelo hore khoebo e nke veneer e tala, ka tlhompho ea sechaba se turang. likamano, ntle le ho tlosa mekhoa e senyang ea khoebo ka mesebetsi e tšoarellang ea tikoloho. Khoebo ea US e sebelisa chelete e hakanyetsoang ho lidolara tse limilione tse 500 selemo se seng le se seng ho hlatsuoa ka botala. Shell le BP ‘ba sebelisa chelete e ngata ka makhetlo a supileng ho bapatsa mangolo a bona a botala ho feta ao ba a sebelisang mererong ea tikoloho’ (Alasdair Clayre oa sehlopha sa boemeli se thehiloeng Oxford sa Millennium Energy Debate, se qotsitsoeng ho The Guardian, 12 November, 1999).
Setsi se hlomphuoang sa Global Commons Institute se London se hakanya hore ho tla ba le mafu a fetang limilione tse peli a bakoang ke likoluoa tse amanang le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo lefatšeng ka bophara lilemong tse leshome tse tlang. Tšenyo ea thepa e tla fihla ho lidolara tse libilione tse makholo (Global Commons Institute, lengolo le eang ho The Guardian, 14 Hlakubele 2000. Temana e felletseng ea lengolo e fumaneha ho www.gci.org.uk/guardlet.html). Joalokaha Andrew Rowell a phethela, ‘Tsela e le ’ngoe feela ea boitšoaro le e utloahalang mabapi le ho futhumala ha lefatše ke ho se behele tšebetsong ea libeso tsohle tsa mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale. (The Big Issue, 15-21 Hlakola, 1999).
David Cromwell le David Edwards ke Baokameli ba Kopanetsoeng ba Media Lens (www.MediaLens.org).
David Cromwell ke mongoli oa Private Planet (www.private-planet.com), e hatisitsoeng ke Jon Carpenter. David Edwards ke sengoli sa Free To Be Human (Burning All Illusions in the U.S.) le The Compassionate Revolution (ka bobeli Libuka tse Tala).