1920-meeyadii iyo 1930-meeyadii, qof kasta oo qof kasta ahaa wuxuu isku dayay inuu ogaado sida adduunka looga takhaluso dagaalka. Wadajir ahaan, waxaan dhihi lahaa waxay heleen seddex meelood seddex meel oo jawaabta ah. Laakiin laga bilaabo 1945 ilaa 2014, waa la iska indhatiray markay suurtagal tahay (taas oo ah waqtiga intiisa badan), way ku qosleen markii loo baahdo, iyo xilliyada dhifka ah ee u baahan: weerar.
Maxay yihiin koox doqomo ah fekerka hormoodka ah ee jiil dhammaantood waa inay ahaadaan. Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ayaa dhacay. Sidaa darteed, dagaalku waa mid waara. Qof walba waa ogyahay taas.
But slavery abolitionists pushed on despite slavery happening another year, and another year. Women sought the right to vote in the next election cycle following each one they were barred from. Undoubtedly war is trickier to get rid of, because governments claim that all the other governments (and any other war makers) must go first or do it simultaneously. The possibility of someone else launching a war, combined with the false notion that war is the best way to defend against war, creates a seemingly permanent maze from which the world cannot emerge.
Laakiin adag si aad u fudud ayaa qalloocan loo galay wax aan macquul aheyn. Dagaal waa in lagu tirtiraa iyadoo loo marayo taxaddar iyo tababar tartiib tartiib ah; waxay u baahan doontaa nadiifinta musuqmaasuqa dowladda ee ka faa'iideystayaasha dagaalka; waxay ku dambayn doontaa adduun aad uga duwan dhinac walba: dhaqaale ahaan, dhaqan ahaan, akhlaaq ahaan. Laakiin dagaalka lama baabi'in doono gabi ahaanba haddii fikradaha tirtirista la aaso oo aan la akhrin.
Imagine if children, when theyโd just gotten a bit too old for Winnie the Pooh and were becoming old enough to read serious arguments, were told that A.A. Milne also wrote a book in 1933-1934 called Nabadoon Nabadoon. Yaan rabin inuu ogaado waxa abuuraha Winnie the Pooh uu ka fikiray dagaal iyo nabad? Oo yaa ku farxi lahaa inuu ogaado caqligiisa iyo kaftankiisa oo loo adeegsado dhammaan khatarta kiiska si loo joojiyo ganacsiga ugu xun si uu ugu sii fiicnaado bulshada akhlaaqda leh?
Hadda, Milne wuxuu u adeegay sidii dacaayad dagaal iyo askari Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, aragtidiisii โโ1934 ee Jarmalka oo ah inuusan runtii rabin dagaal ayaa u muuqda (ugu yaraan jaleecada hore) si xushmad leh dib-u-eegis, Milne laftiisana wuxuu ka tagay mucaaradnimadiisa dagaalka si uu ugu farxo Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Marka waxaan u diidi karnaa xikmaddiisa munaafaqnimo, been abuur, iyo sida uu noo diiday qoraagu. Laakiin waxaan iska dhaafi lahayn nafteena fahamka maxaa yeelay qoraaga ayaa qummanaa, waxaanna mudnaanta siin laheyn qamriga sakhraansan ee hadalada la soo jeediyey muddadii miyir qabka. Xitaa khabiirka ku takhasusay cudurka qandhada dagaalka wuxuu u ekaan karaa nin kale marku cudurka ku dhaco laftiisa.
In Nabadda Sharafta leh, Milne wuxuu muujinayaa inuu dhageystay hadalada halyeeyada dagaalka isla markaana uu ogaaday in "sharafta" ay u dagaallamayaan ay muhiimad ahaan tahay sharaf (ama waxa dhowaan loogu yeeray Mareykanka, "kalsooni"). Sida Milne u dhigo:
Marka ummad ka hadlayso sharafteeda, waxay ka dhigan tahay sharafteeda. Haybadda qaranku waa sumcad u leh doonista dagaalka. Haddaba, sharafta ummad, waxaa lagu cabiraa u-diyaar ahaanta ummaddu u adeegsato xoog inay ku ilaaliso sumcaddeeda adeegsade xoog. Haddii qofku qiyaasi karo ciyaarta tiddleywinks oo u qaadanaysa muhiimadda ugu sarraysa indha-indheeyayaasha, iyo haddii qaar ka mid ah duurjoogta aan waxba galabsan ay weydiiyaan sababta tiddleywinks aad ayey muhiim ugu ahayd yurubiyanka, jawaabtu waxay noqoneysaa in kaliya xirfada tiddleywinks uu wadan ku ilaashan karo sumcaddiisa inuu yahay wadan xariif ku ah tiddleywinks. Jawaab noocee ah ayaa sababi karta waxashnimada baashaalka.
Milne waxay ka dooddaa doodo caan ah oo dagaal waxayna ku soo noqotaa mar kale iyo mar labaad si ay ugu jees jeesto iyada oo ah dhaqan dhaqameed nacas ah oo labbisan sidii loo baahnaa ama aan laga maarmi karin. Waa maxay, ayuu weydiiyaa, kaniisadaha masiixiga ma xukumaan dil wadareed ay ku fuliyaan rag, dumar iyo caruur? Ma xayirayaan diinta Islaamka oo dhan haddii loo baahdo inay difaacaan waddankooda? Maya. Ma xayirayaan sino baahsan haddii kororka dadka uu yahay wadada kaliya ee lagu difaaco dalkooda? Maya. Marka muxuu u xayirayaa dil baaxad leh?
Milne waxay isku dayeysaa tijaabo feker si ay u muujiso in dagaalladu ay yihiin kuwo ikhtiyaari ah oo ay doorteen shakhsiyaad dooran kara si kale. Aynu u malayno, ayuu yidhi, in dagaal qarxa uu la macno yahay geerida dhabta ah ee isla markiiba ee Mussolini, Hitler, Goering, Goebbels, Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin, Sir John Simon, oo ka mid ah golaha wasiirada ee aan la magacaabin oo ay doorteen saami badan maalinta dagaalka waa ku dhawaaqay, wasiirada masuulka ka ah milatariga, Winston Churchill, laba Jeneraal oo aan la magacaabin, laba Admiral oo aan la magacaabin, laba agaasimeyaal aan la magacaabin oo ka tirsan shirkadaha hubka oo ay doorteen saami badan, Lords Beaverbrook iyo Rothermere, tifaftireyaasha The Times iyo The post Subaxnimo,iyo wakiilo u dhigma oo Faransiis ah. Ma jiri karaa, xaaladdan oo kale, weligaa dagaal ma dhici doonaa? Milne ayaa leh xaqiiqdii maya. Oo haddaba sidaas ma ahayn "dabiici" ama "lama huraan" gabi ahaanba.
Milne waxay sameyneysaa dacwad la mid ah tan ku saabsan shirarka dagaalka iyo xeerarka:
"Isla marka aan bilowno sameynta xeerarka dagaalka, sida ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ee aan dhahno kani waa dagaal sharci ah kan kalena ma ahan, waxaan qireynaa in dagaalka uu yahay kaliya qaab lagu heshiiyey oo lagu xaliyo muranka."
Laakiin, Milne wuxuu qoray - si sax ah u sawiraya taariikhda 1945 ilaa 2014 ee UN-ka iyo adduunka ay maamusho NATO - ma sameyn kartid sharci ka soo horjeedka dagaalka gardarrada ah oo aad sii wadi karto dagaalka difaaca. Ma shaqeyn doonto. Waa is-jabis. Dagaalku wuu socon doonaa duruufahaas oo kale, Milne wuxuu saadaaliyay - waana ognahay inuu saxsanaa. โIn laga tanaasulo gardarada kuma filna,โ ayay qortay Milne. "Waa inaan sidoo kale ka noqonno difaaca."
Maxaan ku badaleynaa? Milne wuxuu sawirayaa adduunyo xallinta khilaafaadka aan xurgufta lahayn, heshiisiinta, iyo fikradda la beddelay ee sharafta ama haybadda oo u aragta dagaal ceeb halkii sharaf laga ahaan lahaa. Mana aha ceeb kaliya, laakiin waalan. Wuxuu soo xiganayaa taageere dagaal oo yiri, "Waqtigan xaadirka ah, oo cadeyn kara inay tahay habeenka Armageddoon kale, diyaar uma nihin." Weydiiso Milne: "Labadan arrimood midkood [Armageddoon ama diyaargarow la'aan] ayaa muhiimadda ugu weyn u leh ilbaxnimada?"
David Swanson waxa uu rabaa in aad nabad kaga dhawaaqdo http://WorldBeyondWar.org Buuggiisa cusub waa Dagaal Looma Hayo: Xaaladda Kufsiga. Waxa uu blogs athttp://davidswanson.org iyo http://warisacrime.org oo u shaqeeya http://rootsaction.org. Wuxuu martigeliyaa Kala hadal Nation Radio. Raac isaga on Twitter: @davidcnswanson iyoFaceBook.
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