Haddii Barack Obama ama John McCain uu ku guulaysto doorashada, faa'iido doonka dagaalka iyo qandaraaslaha militariga General Dynamics ayaa si wanaagsan uga dhex muuqan doona maamulka soo socda. Taasi waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah fariimaha ka soo baxay koox ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha dhaqaalaha nabadda oo ka hadlaya dukaanka buugaagta xagjirka ah ee ku yaal
Tan iyo horraantii 1980naadkii,
Aqoon iyo sheekooyin badan ayaa lagu wadaagay jiilalkii doodan firfircoonida ee
1-dii Maajo ee sanadkan, iyadoo Ruggles iyo Kylie Vanerstrom ay ku dhammaysanayeen sannad-dugsiyeedkooda cusub ee Jaamacadda Vermont, waxay soo galeen hoolka GD ee hubka iyo qaybta farsamada ee Burlington, iyagoo isku xidhay siddeed kale, wayna diideen inay baxaan ilaa shirkaddu waxay ballan qaaday inay dib u celinayso $3.6 milyan ee cashuur-dhaafka Vermont oo ay 500 ee shaqaalaha maxalliga ah u beddesho wakhtiga nabadda, shaqooyinka "collar cagaaran". Iyagoo ay iska indhatireen kuwa sare-sare ee GD, oo ay ka soo saareen xarunta hubka
Maxkamadeynta soo socota waxay la mid tahay kuwa caanka ah ee Winooski 44 caasinimada madaniga ah, kaas oo arkay 1984-kii qabsashadii xafiiska Senator Robert Stafford habeenkii codbixinta go'aaminta kaas oo u oggolaanaya hubka in loo diro kooxaha dhimashada ee Bartamaha Ameerika. Howard Zinn iyo Ramsey Clark waxay u istaageen marqaatiyaal khabiir ah iyadoo maxkamadidii ugu weyneyd ee caasinimada madaniga ah ee taariikhda gobolka lagu helay eedaysanayaasha inaysan dembi gelin sabab la'aan. Si cad tani waxay la macno tahay "dambigii" Winooski 44's waa la cafiyey iyagoo isku dayaya inay ka hortagaan dembiga weyn ee dhimashada rayidka ee weyn ee dagaalladii wasakhda ahaa ee Reagan. Ka faa'iidaystaha dagaalka gudaha tijaabinta, ururinta iyo rarida qaar ka mid ah qoryaha si ay u dilaan beeralayda Bartamaha Ameerika afar iyo toban sano ka hor waxay ahayd General Dynamics.
Rachel iyo Kylie ma aysan lahayn markhaati khabiir Howard Zinn; waxay isu matalayeen talo sharci oo ka timid Sandy Baird, mid ka mid ah qareenada si guul leh u difaacay Winooski 44. Marka Vermonters waxay u maleynayaan in dagaal sharci ah lagu ciyaaray gudaha Burlington's Edward J. Costello Courthouse, sida caadiga ah uma maleeyaan haweenka 19 jir ah inay qaataan gobolka Vermont iyo dunida lixaad ee hubka samaysa kuna guulaysataโฆ si fiican, nooc ka mid ah. Tani waa meesha ay ku adkaato.
Ma jiro qof ku qalda GD iyo shabeel warqad, ama shirkad leh xisaabin nadiif ah. Sida laga soo xigtay a 2006 Washington Post maqaal"Qandaraaslayaasha waaweyn ee difaaca, General Dynamics 'fiirsashada barnaamijyada ciidanka ayaa siisay faa'iidada tooska ah ee dagaalka Ciraaqโฆ Tan iyo wax yar ka hor weeraradii argagixisanimo ee 2001," cutubka nidaamyada dagaalka ee GD "dakhliga iyo faa'iidada ayaa saddex jibaarmay." Wax yar ka dib caasinimada madaniga ah ee May 1st, saxafiga Burlington Benjamin Dangl, oo wax ka qoraya Kylie, Rachel, iyo inta kale ee nafta lagu tilmaamay "GD 10," ayaa sheegay in GD uu lahaa, "$ 7.8 bilyan, oo leh $ 382 milyan oo faa'iido ah [...] 94% qandaraasyadeeda waxay ka yimaadaan dawladda Maraykanka."
Dhaleeceynteeda, GD waxay u muuqataa inay tahay wax kasta oo Dwight Eisenhower uga digay cinwaankiisa sagootinta ee albaabka wareega ee lacagta, dadka, iyo awooda udhaxeysa militariga, shirkadaha sida GD, iyo dowlada oo lagu soo oogay inay maamusho dhamaanteed. Eisenhower, oo si la yaab leh u ah jamhuuriyadda hawkiska ah, ayaa tan ugu yeedhay "isku-dhafka warshadaha militariga," wuxuuna sheegay in ay khatar sii kordheysa u keeni doonto dimuqraadiyadeena.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhowr qof oo reer Vermont ah oo awood leh, kuwaas oo maamula faa'iido doonka dagaalka si joogto ah, waxay u muuqdaan inay khilaafaan. Xildhibaanka VT Peter Welch, oo lagu doortay amar ka-hortagga dagaalka iyo kii, Abriil 2008, ayaa naftiisa ku tilmaamay maqaal ku salaysan VT-ku-salaysan Toddoba Maalmood oo ah "bileyska garaaca" ee ku saabsan Blackwater iyo KBR ee khiyaamaynta canshuur bixiyeyaasha, ayaa leh jilicsanaan. booska GD shaqo-bixiye maxalli ahaan. In kasta oo Kylie ay si degdeg ah u tilmaamtay "Saraakiisha la doortay sida Peter Welch waxay sheeganayaan inay ka soo horjeedaan dagaalka marka ay isku dayayaan inay ku guuleystaan โโโโcodka dadka, laakiin Welch wuxuu qaataa tabarucaad ololaha [$ 3,500] oo ka socda General Dynamics." Xitaa Senator Patrick Leahy, oo ah qoraaga "Sharciga Kahortagga Faa'iidada Dagaalka ee 2007," wuxuu qeexayaa qandaraasyada GD ee uu ka caawiyay inuu guriga keeno gacanta Green Mountain ee shirkadda oo dhan boggiisa: $ 900 million, $ 129 million, $ 57 million, in aan magacaabo laakiin dhowr. Qandaraasyo badan ayaa ah gantaalada Hydra-70 ee u socda Ciraaq iyo Afgaanistaan. Madaxa shaqaalaha ee Vermont Chuck Ross ayaa sheegay in senatorku uu aaminsan yahay in GD ay bixiso, "Shaqo wanaagsan Vermont" iyo "hubiso in wadankeenu leeyahay difaaca uu u baahan yahay."
Markii la cadaadiyay arrintan, Rachel waxay dib ugu celisay Vermont's ergada Congress-ka ee ka-hortagga dagaalka, "Shaqooyinka iyo amniga yaa iyo kharashkee qaybo gantaallo ah oo sheegay in lagu sameeyey Vermont?" Eray 2,300 ah Time Magazine 1985-kii, saxafiyiintu waxay sharraxeen in "Kooxaha baarayaasha iyo kuwa dhaleeceeya ay caqabad ku yihiin daacadnimada General Dynamics iyo u qalmida inay noqoto tiir ka mid ah difaaca qarankaโฆ , Wasaaradda Difaacana waxay eegaysaa suurtagalnimada xadgudubyada amniga qaranka."
Indhaha Rachel iyo Kylie, GD, sida Dick Cheney crony, ayaa si joogto ah u soo dalacday canshuur bixiyeyaasha ilaa iyo markaas. Sida laga soo xigtay 2005 Time Magazine Maqaal, Agaasimaha Guud ee GD ayaa si joogto ah loogu soo jiiday horteeda baaritaanada Kongareeska dhawaan si loo ogaado "sababta General Dynamics ugu soo dalacday Dowladda kharashaadka 'sare' sida xaflad $ 14,975 ah oo ku taal naadiyada Washington ee magaalada hareeraheeda iyo kharashyada xannaanaynta ee mid ka mid ah saraakiisheeda. " Isla qodobkan ayaa dhigaya, "Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inuu baarayo in General Dynamics uu khiyaameeyay canshuuraha," iyo in hub-sameeyaha uu leeyahay taariikh khalad ah oo ay ku jiraan wax kasta oo ka soo baxa eedeymaha ah "si aan sax ahayn ugu dallacay canshuur bixiyeyaasha $ 158 milyan oo ah kharashaadka sare ee u dhexeeya laga soo bilaabo biilasha cashuur bixiyayaasha eeyaynta eeyga fulinta, iibsashada sariirta boqorka ee agaasimaha shirkadda." ($ 158 milyan waxay iibsan kartaa wax badan oo baaluq ah, sidaas darteed canine su'aasha ah xitaa waxay la timaadaa magac ku habboon, magaca adduunka hore: Fursten.) Xataa da'da qandaraasyada khiyaanada ah ee Halliburton iyo canshuur bixiyeyaasha xad-dhaafka ah, eyga qoyan ayaa ka soo baxa dhaqamada GD waxay sababtay in ciidamada badda ay dhawaan hakiyaan qandaraasyada muddo ah.
Bilowgii maxkamadaynta GD 10, Xeer Ilaaliyaha Gobolka Vermont, TJ Donovan ayaa sheegay in dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqaya ay saxiixaan gorgortan qirasho: ogoladaan in ay bixiyaan $77 gabal magdhow ah, oo ay qabtaan 50 saacadood oo adeega bulshada ah, beddelkeedana, aysan helin diiwaan dambi. Xubnaha kale ee GD 10 ayaa sheeganaya in Donovan uu waday ganaaxyo sii kordhaya oo loogu talagalay laba mudaaharaadayaal kuwaas oo hore loogu soo oogay dacwadooda heshiisyo qirasho la mid ah. Mid ka mid ah, Jen Berger, ayaa sheegtay Donovan, "wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono caasinimada rayidka." Donovan waxa uu ka jawaabay in aanu "waligiis odhan" waxaas oo kale, in kasta oo laba kale oo mudaaharaadayaal ah, Rachel iyo Will Bennington ay xaqiijiyeen sheegashada Berger.
In kasta oo qareenka dawladda Donovan indhihiisa, "Hadalka xorta ah ma aha xuquuq buuxda. Waxaa lagu nidaamin karaa waqti, goobta iyo habka." Donovan waxa kale oo uu soo jeediyay mudaaharaadyada sharciga ah sida feejignaanta nabada ee 5ta galabnimo ee ka soo hor jeedda Kaniisadda Midaynta Burlington ay "ka waxtar badan tahay" marka loo eego caasinimada madaniga ah ee GD. Bennington wuxuu ku raacsan yahay in, "waa wax aad u fiican in uu jiro feejignaan," laakiin ma, "eeg sida feejignaanta bannaanka kaniisadda ay uga waxtar badan tahay gelitaanka caloosha bahalka oo aad tiraahdo kuma doonayno halkan Kala soocida ma dhamayn dadka taagan bannaanka kaniisadaha oo feejignaan leh." Dhammaadkii maalinta dhammaan tobankii mudaaharaadayaashu waxay aqbaleen heshiiska qirashada Donovan.
Ruggles ayaa ku andacoonaya, "Weligay ma qorsheynin inaan bixinno magdhow. Ma aanan fahmin waxa aan saxiixnay." Haddaba, markii siddeeddii xubnood ee kale ee GD 10, ee lagu soo xidhay goobta hubka, ay lacagta ka xayuubiyeen oo ay ku heshiiyeen inay gutaan adeeggooda bulshada, waxay noqotay arrin la yaab leh. Garsooraha gudoomiyha ayaa ku waydiiyey muuqaalkooda soo socda sida ay u bixinayaan magdhow. Kylie iyo Rachel ayaa kor u eegay garsooraha, iyada oo ku jirta lafo cad cad iyo lammaane dhammaynaysa dharka ebony, gadaasheeda kursiga fadhiga ee guriga maxkamadda, oo waxay sheegtay in "ay bixin kari waayeen sababo akhlaaqeed" magdhow shirkad soo saarta 14,000- baasuukaha oo ridaya ilaa 4,200 xabbadood daqiiqaddii iyo Hydra 70 gantaal gudaha Jamhuuriyadda Dadka ee Burlington.
Jawaabtu waxay ahayd mid deg deg ah oo go'aan qaadasho leh, Rachel ayaa ka sheekeysay, iyada oo si gaabis ah loo fahmay qof weli gaaloobay: "Xaakimku wuxuu sheegay in akhlaaqda loo baahan yahay in meel la iska dhigo. Waxay ka tuurtay arrintii dhabta ahayd daaqadda" waxayna qabatay labada "xakamaynta dembiilaha ee maxkamadda " Kylie ayaa tiri inkastoo labada nin ee qaraabada sharciga ah, "Waxaan baaritaan ku sameynay sharciyada dib u soo celinta. Hadafka dib u soo celinta waa in la yareeyo culeyska dhibbanaha. Lacag celintu waa baabuurka hooyada ee la jebiyey, ama ganacsi yar. Waxay ahayd si xun u isticmaalka sharciga. Looma maleynayo in ay tahay ciqaab." Sida laga soo xigtay Rachel, "Iyada [Xaakimka] waxay rabtay inaan bixinno magdhow ama aan galno xabsiga. Garsooraha ayaa nagu hanjabay in nalagu xirayo xabsiga si aan xad lahayn oo maalin walba nalagu soo oogo loo diyaariyey in xabsiga la dhigo." Laakiin ereyada Rachel garsooruhu wuxuu isticmaalayay nidaamka sharciga, "sida xabsiga deynlaha ee faa'iido doonka."
U fiirso jaanisyo xad dhaaf ah iyo daruuro xunxun. Markii la waydiiyay inay waligood shakiyeen naftooda, ka hor xukunka kama dambaysta ah, Vanerstrom wuxuu hakad ku jiraa daqiiqad. "Xitaa saaxiibadayada qaarkood waxay noo sheegeen inaan nacas nahay," ayay tidhi. โLaakin xataa hadii ay hal dollar ahaan lahayd lacag maanu bixin, waligay shaki igama galin in waxa aanu samaynaynay ay sax ahaayeen oo ay sabab sax ah ahaayeen, markii nalagu amray in aanu bixino magdhawga oo aanu diidnay in aanu bixino ayaa aad ii hubisay. " Waxay dhaqeen gabal "hal dhar ah oo wanaagsan" oo, iyagoo kuuskuusan cunaha, waxay soo mareen jaranjarooyinka iyo dhex mara qalabka birta ee maxkamadaha markii ugu dambeysay, oo ay u diyaargaroobeen inay ka baxaan albaabka dambe iyagoo gacmaha ka xiran iyo boodbood liimi ah.
Markii xukunka lagu riday, Donovan wuxuu soo saaray nooc ka mid ah farsamooyinka farsamada ee qolka maxkamadda kuwaas oo inta badan ka badan bixinta Matlock ama John Grisham novels marka loo eego Patriot Act America circa 2008. Wuxuu yiri, "Mawqifkaygu wuxuu ahaa inkasta oo aanan aqbalin ama aan aqbalin waxa ay samaynayaan. Waxaan gaadhnay heshiis cadaalad ah oo ay ku sii haysan karaan xukunkooda dib loo dhigay oo ay ku bixinayaan laban laab lacagtii asalka ahayd sanduuqa sama falka ee askarta dhaawaca ah [halkii General Dynamics]." Kylie waxay tiri, "Waxaan dareemayaa mahadnaq, TJ waa uu istaagi karay oo aamusnaan lahaa. Waxaan u maleynayaa inaan helnay isgaarsiin la yaab leh. Nooc uu nagu soo maray." In kasta oo, ay ku dartay, Donovan ayaa khudbad u jeediyay labadooda, isagoo leh "inaad haysato diiwaan dambiyeed maaha calaamad sharaf." Ka dib markii ay u xaqiijiyeen Garsooraha dhawr jeer inay bixin doonaan, Rachel iyo Kylie oo daalan ayaa ku soo baxay "guusha" ereyadooda, maamulaha, haddaysan ahayn warqad. "Waxaan u maleynayaa in aniga iyo Kylie ay u badan tahay inaan nahay dadka ugu farxadda badan ee abid ka tagay qolka maxkamadda."
Dhanka mustaqbalka, mid kasta waxaan weydiiyay inay ku waayi doonaan nolol xasilloon, hadda oo maxkamadeyntoodu ay ugu dambeyntii ka dambeeyaan. Rachel ayaa dhoola cadeynaysa oo tidhi, "Waan ka nastay kiiskii maxkamada, waxaanan dareemaya inaan diyaar u nahay inaan sameeyo wax ka weyn, dagaalkeena waanu dagaalnay, TJ iyo qareenada kale waxay lahaan lahaayeen in caasinimada madaniga ah aysan dhicin, isbedelka aan ka hadlayno. Waa mid aad u weyn, waa isbedel dhaqaale, ma garanayo sida aan u samayn karno haddii aannaan ahayn kuwo rayid ah mararka qaarkood. ka soo horjeeda." Ku dhowaad dhammaynta xukunkeeda Kylie waxay ku tidhi, "Waxaan ku lug yeelanay koox cusub oo ka walaacsan dhaqaalaha Vermont ee u wareegaya dhaqaalaha nabadda. Waxaana leenahay qorshayaal waaweyn mustaqbalka. Waxaan rabnaa dhoofinta weyn ee Vermont inaysan noqon hubka wax gumaada." "
Kylie, Rachel iyo inta kale ee GD 10 ayaa shaqadooda u go'ay iyada oo qulqulka lacagta ay ku sii socoto GD: qandaraas cusub oo $ 51 milyan ah ayaa la saxiixay maalin ka dib markii la xiray. Ilaa hadda bishii Oktoobar, GD waxay saxiixday $704 milyan qandaraasyo cusub. Yaan laga hadlin, hawl-wadeennadu waxa ay ku baaqeen isu soo bax ka dhan ah GD oo ka dhacay Aqalka Madaxtooyada ee Vermont Sabtida Noofambar 1 saacaddu markay tahay 1:30 galabnimo. Sida laga soo xigtay Joelen Mulvaney, si lama filaan ah hadda waa jiilkan cusub ee caasinimada madaniga ah "dhiirigelinaya" dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha waayeelka ah.
Macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan Rachel, Kylie iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa Vermont ee ka dhanka ah General Dynamics waxaa laga heli karaa halkan: http://stopgeneraldynamics.blogspot.com/
***
Kala xidhiidh Jonathan Leavitt at [emailka waa la ilaaliyay]
Ilo:
http://www.generaldynamics.com
http://stopgeneraldynamics.blogspot.com
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/dwightdeisenhowerfarewell.html
http://leahy.senate.gov/press/200505/050505.html
http://leahy.senate.gov/press/200704/041007.html
http://leahy.senate.gov/press/200403/0304a.html
http://leahy.senate.gov/press/200403/0304a.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/14/us/politics/14campaign.html
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