Hordhac
First, I’d like to thank everyone here and especially the organizers for inviting me. It is a great honor and I hope I can offer something useful.
I generally prefer spontaneous and interactive exchanges, both as a speaker and when attending events. For that reason, I will try to keep this talk, which is prepared in advance to help with translation, and which I therefore have to deliver from a script, relatively short.
So to begin…back when I was in college, nearly forty years ago, I was in our leftist national student organization, called Students for a Democratic Society, or SDS.
Cutubkayada SDS, ee MIT oo aan arday ka ahaa, waxa la odhan jiray RL SDS. RL waxay u taagan tahay Rosa Luxembourg, kacaankii Jarmalka ee weynaa.
Rosa Luxembourg once said, "you lose, you lose, you lose, you win." She meant, I believe, that even major setbacks are part of a process of historic social change.
Rosa Luxembourg gave her life fighting for change but when we win, finally, so will
Laakiin maxaa guulaysta?
The long answer appears in a book I have written titled Parecon: Nolosha Ka Dib Hanti-wadaagga, among other places. The shorter answer, I will try to summarize here tonight.
The word "Parecon" in the title of the book is an abbreviation for Participatory Economics.
The phrase "Participatory Economics" is in turn the name for a vision of how to conduct economic life very differently than under capitalism.
First we can consider parecon’s origins.
Parecon waxay leedahay xididada ugu fog ee dadka shaqeeya ee ugu horreeya ee isku dayay inay hagaajiyaan xaaladooda.
Going way back, I am told the first labor strike was in
The Pharaoh then – and as I heard the story this was the only female who was ever a Pharaoh – decided that beyond working six days and being given sufficient pay for food, which was the workers’ usual situation, it might be nice to require them to work for all seven days with no pay at all. Perhaps women Pharaohs had to be especially Pharaonic!
Ma qiyaasi kartaa in aad qabri ka dhisto saxaraha dhexdiisa, oo aad ku goyso oo aad dhagaxyo waaweyn ku xidhato qoraxda dilaaga ah, todobada maalmood ee usbuuca, lacag aan eber ahayn? Intee in le'eg ayaa ka hor dhimashada?
Gabadhan Fircoon waxa laga yaabaa in aanu aad u caqli badnayn, laakiin waa inaad qirtaa inay ahayd horumar dabiici ah. Haddii aad sii wadi karto xaaladaha dilka ku dhow, maxaad isku dayi weyday inaad ilaaliso xaaladaha dhabta ah ee dilka ah?
I was told the decision to revoke the slaves’ day off and withhold their food supplies provoked the first labor strike.
Parecon wuxuu ka yimid shaqo joojintaas iyo dadaal kasta oo ay sameeyaan dadka shaqeeya, iyo macaamiisha sidoo kale, si loo hagaajiyo xaaladooda iyo dakhligooda.
More recently, revolutionary marxists like Antonio Gramsci from Italy, Rosa Luxembourg from here in Germany, and Anton Pannekoek from the Netherlands – and anarchists such as Mikhail Bakunin from Russia and Rudolf Rocker again from Germany, have expanded our insights into what it might mean for people to contribute sensibly to and share justly in society’s product. These revolutionaries and many others began to conceptualize people making economic choices cooperatively.
Movements with similar inclinations have included the left opposition to the Bolsheviks in
But what were more immediate factors that pushed my co-author Robin Hahnel and I toward conceptualizing parecon?
Baahida Aragtida
Ugu horrayn, 1960-kii, waxaan si joogto ah ula kulannay dad weydiinaya, maxaad rabtaa? Maxaa beddelkaagu yahay?
Markii hore su'aashan ayaa nalaga saaray. Waxaynu moodaynay in loo soo kicitimay in la caqli celiyo inagoo iska indha tiray cadaalad darada jirta.
Why did we need to know an economic replacement for capitalism to oppose the war in
Maxaan ugu baahanahay inaan ogaano sida dhaqaalaheena mustaqbalka u shaqeyn doono si aan uga hortagno shirkadaha burburinaya shaqaalaha?
In time, however, we decided the questions were often fair and sincere. We saw that people wouldn’t fight for change without knowing what the change would be.
Markaa qodobka ugu horreeya ee si toos ah uga qayb qaadanaya dhalashada parecon waxay ahayd markaan aragno muhiimadda ay leedahay in la yeesho aragti adag oo ka adkaan karta nacaybka.
Goorma
Thatcher way garanaysay waxay tidhi. Waxaan garwaaqsanay inaan u baahanahay inaan ka gudubno aaminaadda dilaaga ah ee ay u dabaaldegeysay.
Rabitaanka Fasalka Dhabta ah
Arrin labaad oo kobcinta parecon-ka ayaa dhacday iyadoo ay sabab u tahay naag la odhan jiray Barbara Ehrenreich iyo ninkeedii markaas John oo daabacayay qoraal ka caawiyay inaanu nimaadno aragti cusub oo ku saabsan fasallada.
Qormadoodii, ka dib waxay ku daabaceen buug fiican oo la yiraahdo Inta u dhaxaysa shaqada iyo raasamaal, waxa uu ku saabsanaa dadka ku nool hanti-wadaaga casriga ah ee ku nool inta u dhaxaysa shaqada iyo raasamaalnimada.
This middle group that the Ehrenreichs highlighted didn’t have property, and therefore weren’t capitalists. But this group did have considerable control over their own lives and the lives of workers below and also had higher income and more status than
ZNetwork waxa lagu maalgeliyaa oo keliya deeqsinimada akhristeyaasheeda.
Nalasoo