Bishii la soo dhaafay, iyada oo heerkulku adduunku jabiyay rikoodh cusub iyo cilmi-baaris cusub ayaa muujisay in isku-dhafka dhow ee saynisyahannada ee ah in dhaqdhaqaaqa bani'aadamku uu horseedayo kulaylka caalamiga ah. ayaa gaadhay boqolkiiba 99, dafiray cilmiga cimilada ayaa ku shiray hotelka caalamiga ah ee Trump ee Washington, DC, Machadka Heartland Shirweynihii 13aad ee Caalamiga ah ee Isbeddelka Cimilada.
A ciyaaryahan hogaaminaya warshadaha diidmada cimilada, Machadka Heartland waa taangiga ku salaysan Illinois kaas oo muddo dheer raadinayey inuu shaki ka galo sayniska cimilada iyadoo la adeegsanayo been-abuurka iyo kor u qaadida waxa loogu yeero "khubarada" kuwaas oo sameeyay wax yar haddii ay jirto wax la aamini karo, cilmi-baaris cimilo oo asaageed dib loo eegay. . Waa xubin ka mid ah konserfatifka, Shabakadda Siyaasadda Gobolka ee ka-hortagga sharciyeynta (SPN), oo lafteedu leedahay. faafinta kor loo qaaday ku saabsan isbedelka cimilada halka ka qaadashada lacagaha danaha shidaalka iyo shidaalka sida Peabody Energy, oo ah shirkadda dhuxusha ee ugu weyn adduunka.
Julaay 2019 Isu imaatinka Heartland wuxuu u yimid daawaynta shakiga leh ee saxafada guud, oo leh kanaalka Cimilada xusuusin in ka qaybgalayaashu ay ahaayeen "laba boqol oo rag ah oo u badan caddaan ah oo da'doodu u dhaxayso 60-meeyadii iyo 70-meeyadii" kuwaas oo "u fadhiyey si xushmad leh inta lagu guda jiro doodaha cilmi-baarista been-abuurka ah ee daba-dheeraaday." Dhanka kale, mareegta baarista waa Documented sidaana in tirada wada-hawlgalayaasha shirku ay aad hoos ugu dhaceen sannadkan - iyo kan ku qoran, Fidelity Charritable, ma ahayn kafaala-qaade haba yaraatee. Heartland ayaa ugu dambeyntii liiska ka saartay Fidelity.
Aragtida ka soo baxday saxaafaddu ee shirka Heartland waxay ahayd in dhaqdhaqaaqa diidmada cimiladu uu sii yaraanayo oo aan khusayn. Laakiin xaqiiqadu waxay tahay in kooxaha kor u qaada diidmada sayniska cimiladu ay sii wadaan inay saameyn weyn ku yeeshaan dawlado badan waxayna sii adkeynayaan in dhibaatada si wax ku ool ah wax looga qabto.
Tixgeli Mu'asasada John Locke ee Waqooyiga Carolina, halkaas oo dhibaatada cimiladu ka jirto hore u horseeday Maalmo kulul oo aad u khatar badan, daadad badan, iyo khatarta cudurrada kaneecada ka qaado. Xidhiidhka SPN waxaa aasaasay oo ay ugu horrayn maalgelisay deeq bixiyayaasha jamhuuriga ah iyo maal-qabeenka tafaariiqda dhimista ee Art Pope, ururka ayaa muddo dheer ahaa. isha hormuudka u ah diidmada sayniska cimilada dooddii siyaasadda gobolka oo ahayd a kafiilka Shir sannadeedka cimilada ee Heartland sida ugu dhow ee 2015.
Mu'asasada John Locke, oo ah isha isha lagu hayo siyaasad-dejiyeyaasha saxda ah iyo codka muxaafidka ah ee caanka ah ee warbaahinta, waxay si toos ah ugu qaybisay macluumaad marin habaabin ah sharci-dejiyeyaasha iyo dadweynaha iyada oo loo marayo daabacaadyadeeda kala duwan iyo hawlgelinta hadalka. Wax yar ka dib markii sharci ka hadlaya isbeddelka cimilada markii ugu horreysay lagu soo bandhigay Golaha Guud ee North Carolina 2005, kooxdu waxay soo saartay bayaan siyaasadeed oo cinwaankeedu yahay "Siyaasadda Kulaylka Caalamiga ah: NC waa in aanay waxba samayn," kaas oo ku andacoonaya in sayniska cimiladu uu weli yahay "aan degganayn." Isla sanadkaas, waxa loo qaybiyey dhammaan sharci-dajiyayaasha North Carolina Sheekada Michael Crichton "State of Fear", oo ah shaqo khayaali ah oo kor u qaadaysa aragtida Dr. S. Fred Singer, diida sayniska cimilada caanka ah.
Mu'asasada John Locke ayaa su'aal galisay cimilada guud taxane ah oo ka tirsan wargeyska Carolina, wargeyskeeda billaha ah iyo daabacaadda calanka, iyo gudaha qaybaha ra'yiga la daabacay shaqaalaheeda xarumaha kale. Waxa kale oo ay ku faafisaa farriinteeda shakiga iyada oo loo marayo hadalada ku hadla Khubarada sida Pat Michaels, oo ah khabiir ku takhasusay cimilada iyo shakiga sayniska cimilada kaas oo ka tagay Jaamacadda Virginia dhexdeeda muran ka dhashay maalgelintiisa warshadaha. Dhanka kale, bandhigeeda raadiyaha ee Carolina Journal ayaa leh mawduucyada laga hadlay sida "eexda ka caawisa in lagu qanciyo qaylo-dhaanta kulaylka caalamiga ah in sababtoodu ay mudan tahay fiiro gaar ah."
Kooxdu waligeed ma soo saarin wax dhib ah oo khalad ah oo intaa le'eg. Dhab ahaantii, waxay sii waddaa hadafkeeda ah inay si khaldan wax uga sheegaan sayniska cimilada xitaa maanta - inkastoo ay jiraan waxyaabo badan oo muuqda calaamadaha iyo digniino cilmiyeed in cimiladu ay ku sugan tahay qalalaasaha abuuritaanka aadanaha.
Waxbixin la'aanta maalgelinta
Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, John Locke Foundation waxay leedahay daabacay in ka badan dersin sheeko ku weeraraya cilmiga kulaylka caalamiga ah blogkeeda qolka Locker, gole lagaga hadlo arrimaha gobolka oo dhan. Sheekooyinku waxay leeyihiin loo yaqaan isbeddelka cimiladu waa "been abuur", isbarbar dhig u dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha cimilada ilaa cultists diinta, iyo walaac lagu jeesjeesay ka badan qiiqa methane, gaar ahaan gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ee awoodda leh.
Bishii Luulyo ee la soo dhaafay - ka dibna diiwaanka ugu kulul caalami ahaan - kooxdu waxay maalgalisay hadal dadweyne oo ka dhacay xafiisyadooda Raleigh Bill Lynch, oo la shaqeeya Machadka Korontada iyo Injineerada Elektrooniga, cinwaanna looga dhigay. "Xaqiiqooyinka dheellitiran ee ku saabsan CO2, H2O iyo Isbeddelka Cimilada." Gudaha, Lynch, oo aan ahayn saynisyahan cimiladu, ayaa si khaldan u sheegtay "Isku-duubnaanta CO2 iyo korodhka yar ee wakhtigu kuma laha wax saameyn ah cimilada iyo cimilada." Kooxdu waxay sidoo kale kor u qaaday aragtida Lynch ee cilmi ahaan la nacay barnaamijkeeda raadiyaha.
Isla mar ahaantaana waxay kor u qaadaysaa shakiga sayniska cimilada caadiga ah, daabacaadaha John Locke Foundation waxay sidoo kale bixiyaan sheeko barbar socota taas oo ay ku qirayso in kulaylku dhacayo laakiin diidayo soo jeedinta lagu xakameynayo wasakhowga gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo. Markaa xitaa iyada oo ugu yeedhaysa sayniska isbeddelka cimilada "been abuur", waxay ku doodaysaa in North Carolina aysan u baahnayn inay tallaabo qaado sababtoo ah qiiqa mar hore dhacay, in canshuurta carbon yihiin aad u qaali ah, iyo in Guddoomiyaha Dimuqraadiga Roy Cooper amarkiisa fulinta ee wax ka qabashada isbeddelka cimilada ma beddeli karo cimilada adduunka.
Mu'asasada John Locke ma aha mid ka soo horjeeda sayniska oo dhan, in kastoo: Sannadkii la soo dhaafay, waxay daabacday sheekooyin ku saabsan sayniska guud si ay u sameeyaan kiiska Talaalku ma keenaan autism iyo in buurnaanta lafteedu ay tahay daruuri maaha dhibaato caafimaad.
Iyada oo laga jawaabayo Wajahida South codsigeeda faallooyinka doorka ay ku leedahay soo-bandhigidda macluumaadka ku saabsan sayniska cimilada, kooxda soo saaray qoraal taas oo ay ku sheegtay in aanay taageersanayn sheegasho kasta oo ay sameeyaan dadka ku hadla ee ay kafaala qaadaan ama blog-ga uu soo dhigo. Waxa kale oo ay sheegtay in aanay ku muransanayn jiritaanka xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya uruurinta gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo iyo isbeddellada heerkulka caalamiga ah muddo ka dib, laakiin waxa ay aaminsan tahay in ay "u harsan tahay qol muhiim ah oo cilmi baaris ah iyo dood ku saabsan baaxadda saamaynta iyo natiijada saafiga ah."
Haddaba yaa maalgeliya dadaalka macluumaadka cimilada ee socda ee John Locke Foundation? Sida 501 (c) (3) aan faa'iido doon ahayn, kooxda loogama baahna inay si cad u shaaciso maalgeliyayaasheeda, oo aanay sidaas samayn. A 2007 Falanqaynta Koonfur wajaheysa waxay ogaatay in kooxdu ay ka heshay in ka badan $100,000 maalgeliyayaasha xidhiidhka shidaalka. A ka sii dhow falanqaynta xogta canshuurta Mashruuca daah-furnaanta konserfatifka ayaa lagu ogaaday in ku-deeqaha ugu sarreeya ee kooxda uu ahaa John William Pope Foundation, aasaaska qoyska ee uu hoggaamiyo Art Pope, kaas oo siiyay $ 26 milyan laga bilaabo 1994 ilaa 2014.
Iyadoo Pope Foundation ay ka hesho hantideeda inta badan iyada oo loo marayo hantida Pope - isagu waa milkiilaha, gudoomiyaha iyo maamulaha guud ee iibiyeyaasha kala duwan, koox ka kooban 370 dukaan oo qiimo dhimis ah oo ku yaal 16 gobol - waxay ku qabatay maalgashiga danaha shidaalka. Marka loo eego kuwii ugu dambeeyay ee la heli karo Warbixinta IRS ee Pope Foundation daboolaya 2016, aasaaska iibiyey stock sanadkaas ee shidaalka fosil ku tiirsan tamarta korontada American Electric, Dominion Energy, Duke Energy, iyo Exelon, iyo sidoo kale saliidda iyo gaaska Rafaa Chevron, ConocoPhillips, iyo Exxon, oo dhan kuwaas oo danaynaya inay ka hortagaan ficilka isbedelka cimilada.
Kajawaabista codsiga Wajahida Koonfurta ee faallooyinka doorka ay ku leedahay maalgelinta kala-baxa ku saabsan sayniska cimilada, aasaaska ayaa lagu yiri bayaanka in ay "siiyaan koox ballaaran oo aan faa'iido doon ahayn" iyo "ma hagayaan hawlaha deeq-bixiyayaasha."
Maalgeliyaha kale ee hormuudka ka ah John Locke Foundation waa Lynde iyo Harry Bradley Foundation, mid ka mid ah deeq-bixiyeyaasha muxaafidka ah ee ugu weyn qaranka iyo maalgeliye weyn ee diidmada cimilada. Sida laga soo xigtay Sourcewatch.org, Inta u dhaxaysa 2015 iyo 2017 Bradley Foundation waxay ku biirisay $ 1.5 milyan John Locke Foundation iyo John William Pope Civitas Institute, haan kale oo muxaafid ah oo ku taal North Carolina oo uu aasaasay oo uu maalgeliyay Art Pope.
2017, Pope waxaa loo doortay gudoomiyaha Bradley Foundation. Sannadka xiga, a Xarunta warbaahinta iyo baadhista dimoqraadiyada waxay muujisay in aasaasku uu ku lug lahaa "dadaal wadajiraโฆ in sharci laga dhigo sayniska cimilada, iyada oo kor loo qaadayo horumarinta tamarta shidaalka fosil ee Maraykanka."
Kor u qaadista calaamadda
Farriinta marin habaabinta ee Mu'asasada John Locke ee ku saabsan cimilada ayaa si weyn loo gaari karaa. Sida ku cad degelkeeda, Carolina Journal waxa ay leedahay daabacaad gobolka oo dhan ah in ka badan 40,000, halka inta lagu guda jiro rubuci hore ee sanadkan nooca online u adeegay in ka badan 150,000 booqdayaasha gaarka ah. Kooxda ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in sahan ay dhawaan samaysay shirkad latalin madax-banaan oo lagu ogaaday in Carolina Journal dhammaan qaababkeeda ay akhriyaan qiyaastii saddex meelood meel North Carolina "saameyntooda," oo ay ku jiraan siyaasiyiin, shaqaale dawladeed, ololayaal, agaasimayaal, saxafiyiin, hoggaamiyeyaasha bulshada, iyo dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadda.
Fariinta ururka waxaa sidoo kale qaadata oo xoojiyay xarumaha kale ee warbaahinta. Carolina Journal Radio waxay siisaa wargeys-wareed saacad-dheer soconaya usbuuc walba usbuuc walba ku dhawaad โโ20 suuq oo gobolka oo dhan ah, waxayna diyaar u tahay saldhigyada xubnaha ee Curtis Media Group ee Waqooyiga Carolina News Network, kaas oo leh ku dhawaad โโ80 xiriiro gobolka oo dhan ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, Adeegga News Journal ee Carolina wuxuu u qaybiyaa macluumaadka xarumaha warbaahinta ee gobolka oo dhan, isagoo u adeegaya in ka badan 300,000 akhristayaasha celcelis ahaan bishii. Ku dhawaad โโ60 wargeys ayaa daabacaadooda ama daabacaadadooda internetka ku maamula sheekooyinka ururka, inkastoo qaar yar ay u muuqdaan inay diiradda saareen kulaylka caalamiga ah.
John Hood - oo madax ka ah labada guddi ee John Locke Foundation iyo John William Pope Foundation - ayaa qoray tiir isku dhafan oo ku saabsan siyaasadda iyo siyaasadda dadweynaha ee ka shaqeeya wargeysyada in ka badan 60 bulshooyinka North Carolina; waxaa ka mid ah Winston-Salem Journal iyo High Point Enterprise. Waxa kale oo uu qoraa tiir joogta ah oo loogu talagalay majaladda Business North Carolina wuxuuna u adeegaa sidii doode todobaadle ah "NC SPIN," oo ah bandhig hadal siyaasadeed oo laga sii daayo 26 TV iyo idaacadaha gobolka oo dhan.
Intaa waxaa dheer, Becki Gray, madaxweyne ku xigeenka sare ee John Locke Foundation, iyo Mitch Kokai, oo ah falanqeeye siyaasadeed oo sare, ayaa si joogto ah marti ugu ah WUNC raadiyaha dadweynaha "Toddobaadkan ee Siyaasadda NC" oo uu la socdo martigeliyaha Jeff Tiberii. Mid ka mid ah muuqaalka 2017, tusaale ahaan, Gray sheegtay - been ah - in saynisyahannadu sheegeen in aanu jirin xidhiidh ka dhexeeya duufaannada rabshadaha wata ee sii kordhaya iyo isbeddelka cimilada, Tiberii-na waxa uu ku guul-darraystay in uu saxo diiwaanka. Tiberii iyo maamulka saldhiga WUNC midna kama jawaabin codsigii Koonfur ee faallooyinka.
Iyadoo inta badan warbixinada iyo qaybaha ra'yiga ee ay soo saarto John Locke Foundation aysan ku saabsanayn cimilada, joogitaankooda xarumaha guud waxay kor u qaadaan kalsoonida ururka ee mawduuca - taasina waxay dhibaato ku noqon kartaa dood dadweyne oo wax ku ool ah oo wax looga qabanayo isbeddelka cimilada.
Habka codadka dafiraadaha sayniska cimiladu ay warbaahintu u xoojiso waxay ahayd mawduuca a daraasad dhawaan lagu daabacay wargeyska Nature Communications. Raadinta "raadinta" dhijitaalka ah ee in ka badan 770 saynisyahano cimilada ah iyo beeniyeyaasha sayniska cimilada 100,000 oo warbixinnada warbaahinta Ingiriisiga ku hadla, waxay ogaatay in kala badh ka mid ah muuqaalka warbaahinta guud ee mawduuca isbeddelka cimiladu ay tagaan kuwa diida sayniska, kuwaas oo intooda badan aan ahayn. saynisyahano cimilada. Saamigaas ayaa si weyn u kordhaya marka blogyada iyo xarumaha kale ee "warbaahinta cusub" lagu daro. Qorayaashu waxay yiraahdeen tani waxay khatar weyn ku tahay dadaallada kor loogu qaadayo wacyigelinta bulshada laguna dhiirigelinayo tallaabo degdeg ah.
"Waa waqtigii la joojin lahaa siinta dadkan muuqalka, taas oo si fudud loogu rogi karo maamul been ah," ayaa sheegay in Alex Petersen, mid ka mid ah qorayaasha iyo borofisar ka ah UC Merced.
Sue Sturgis waa agaasimaha tifaftirka ee Facing South iyo Machadka Daraasaadka Koonfurta.
ZNetwork waxa lagu maalgeliyaa oo keliya deeqsinimada akhristeyaasheeda.
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