(Xusuusin akhristayaasha: Tan waxaan ku dhejinayaa ZSpace, maadaama meeshii asalka ahayd, La Vida Locavore (4/12/11), ay meesha ka baxday. , sida Dan Imhoff Anna Lappé iyo Guddiga Dhakhaatiirta ee Daawada Mas'uulka ah.)
Dib ugu soo noqosho March, Tom Philpott, blogger at Grist, ayaa qoray in Tim Wise oo ka tirsan Tuft Universities Global Development and Environment uu sheegay in kabidda badeecadaha beeruhu ay sababto qiimaha beeraha oo hooseeya. Oraahda hawl-galku waxay ahayd, ""… iyadoo la saarayo cadaadis hoos u dhigaya qiimaha galleyda iyo soy-ga, kabitaanka federaalka..." ayaa hoos u dhigay faa'iidooyinka qiimaha ee CAFOs. Raadinta Google-ka, qiyaastii 2/11/20 waxaan ka helay 10 hits ee xigashadan. Xigashadani maaha mid si sax ah uga tarjumaysa wixii uu qoray xikmad, sida aan hoos ku tusayo.
(Kabitaanka badeecooyinka beeruhu ma keenaan qiimo jaban qiimaha badeecadaha beeraha Dabaqyada qiimaha dhinaca iyo barnaamijyada dhimista saadka, iyadoo xoogaa gacan laga helayo ganacsiga xorta ah, siyaasadahan iyo barnaamijyadan, si ku filan loo fuliyay, wax kabitaan ah looma baahna. Waxaan tusayaa 1981 nooc oo caddayn ah sababta kabidu aanay u keenin qiimaha hoose ee fiidiyowgeyga YouTube, " Michael Pollan Rebuttal 1995" iyo 1996)
Dhawaanahan, Mark Bittman ee New York Times ayaa qoray in "Tom Philpott, … iyadoo la tixraacayo daraasad ay samaysay Jaamacadda Tufts, waxay ku xisaabtamaysaa in intii u dhaxaysay 1997 iyo 2005 kabitaannada la badbaadiyey digaag, hilib doofaar, hilib lo'aad iyo wax soo saareyaasha HFCS qiyaastii $26.5 bilyan.”3 Tani waxay tilmaamaysaa warbixinno dheeraad ah oo uu sameeyay Wise Qaybta Bittman ayaa la ogaaday inay aad ugu farxay dhaqdhaqaaqa cuntada.
Boggii dhowaa halkan ee La Vida Locavore, Jill Richardson waxay soo qaadatay qaybta Bittman, iyadoo soo xiganaysa erayadiisa in qiimaha beeraha iyo cuntadu ay ahaayeen "macno la'aan" hoos u dhacay erayadeeda, laakiin ka timid Bittman, "sabato ah kabida beeraha."4 Halkan sidoo kale, tixraac ayaa loo sameeyay Wise "Haddii Paarlberg uu la tashan lahaa cilmi-baare Timothy Wise oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Tufts, wuxuu heli lahaa xog caddaynaysa in nidaamkayaga kabidda in ka badan ama ka yar uu bixiyay kayd balaayiin doolar ah warshadaha beeraha warshadda qaab badeecooyin qiimo jaban ah muddo dhow." Halkan mar kale, waxa marin habaabinta ah ayaa ah in kabitaannada aysan ahayn waxa keenaya qiimaha jaban ee badeecadaha beeraha, iyo Wise ma aysan soo saarin bayaan noocaas ah dukumentiyada su'aasha ah ee ay sameeyaan.
Dukumeentiga uu faallooyinka asalka ah ee Philpott u gudbiyay waa "Macaanidda Dheriga."5 Waxaan sameeyay falanqayn dukumeenti ah oo waxaan ogaaday inaysan ahayn dukumeenti adag oo la isticmaalo si loo fahmo siyaasadaha keena qiimaha jaban. Dukumeentigu wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u adeegsaday ereyga "kabitaannada qarsoon," oo macneheedu yahay, ma aha kabidda badeecadaha beeraha, laakiin faa'iidooyinka ama faa'iidooyinka ka hooseeya qiimaha suuqyada hoose.
Doorashadan ereyga "kabid toos ah" oo ka baxsan, tusaale ahaan, " faa'iidooyinka kharashka ka hooseeya," ayaa laga yaabaa inay ahayd marin habaabin, marka loo eego in si weyn loo sheeganayo, (laakiin aan la xaqiijin,) in kabitaannada ay keenaan qiimo jaban. Erayga kabidda, qaab ama qaab kale, waxa uu muujinayaa 16 jeer.
Waxaan sidoo kale ogaaday in qorayaashu ay xuseen siyaasadda beeraha 17 jeer, inta badan iyada oo la tixraacayo dhibaatada qiimaha jaban. Marna 17-kan kiis, si kastaba ha ahaatee lama sharaxin siyaasadaha hagaajin doona dhibaatooyinka udub dhexaad u ahaa warbixinta. Mid ka mid ah shay ayaa sheegay, tusaale ahaan, in "Natiijooyinka GDAE waxay soo jeedinayaan in siyaasadda beeraha ee Maraykanku aysan dhab ahaantii caawinayn." Dhinaca kale, warbixintu waxay sheegtay in: “Pollan…. qarxiyay biilka Beerta 2002 ee loogu talagalay kabidda soo saarayaasha hadhuudhka…” Wise iyo Harvie ma aysan tilmaamin akhristayaasha in Pollan malo ah, in kabitaannada ay keenaan qiimaha hoose, ay khalad ahayd. Adiga oo aan si gaar ah uga hadlin arrinta, iyo xaqiiqda ah in ay jirtay in xoogga la saaray siyaasadda beeraha xun, akhristayaasha ayaa si dabiici ah u qaatay in male Pollan uu sax ahaa.
Meelo kale Wise iyo harvie waxay xuseen sagxadaha qiimaha ee xallin kara dhibaatada, laakiin si toos ah uma samayn xiriirka. Sida aan ula xiriiray Wise iyo Harvie, "Waxaad sheegaysaa in sonkortu leedahay 'sabaq qiimo leh,' laakiin galleydu waa 'qiimaha ka hooseeya.' Waxaad sheegtaa xakamaynta / qoondaynta wax soo saarka laba jeer. Ma aadan sheegin in hadhuudh lahaa, ama lahaan kara sagxadaha qiimaha.
Dib u eegis degdeg ah oo ku saabsan warbixinnada kale ee Wise et al ayaa muujinaya qaab la mid ah. Warbixin ka kooban 54 bog oo ku saabsan faa'iidooyinka broiler sidoo kale ma sharaxdo waxa siyaasadaha beeruhu ay sababaan qiimaha jaban, inkastoo farqiga u dhexeeya "kabka tooska ah," (oo ka hooseeya faa'iidooyinka qiimaha suuqyada hoose,) iyo kabka badeecadaha beeraha ayaa la sharaxay.6 Gabagabadii ayaa la sheegay in ay ka baxsan tahay baaxadda mashruucan in laga doodo soo jeedinta siyaasadeed ee kala duwan ee lagu sugi karo hab-nololeedka beeralayda iyo xoolo dhaqatada iyo in la dhimo culayska saaran cashuur bixiyayaasha lacagaha ay bixiyaan beeraha Maraykanka. Siyaasadaha noocaan oo kale ah si kastaba ha ahaatee waxay si ka fiican u dheelitiri doonaan sahayda iyo baahida markaas qiimuhu wuxuu kor u qaadi karaa inuu ka sarreeyo kharashka wax soo saarka." Waxaa markaa jira in la xuso siyaasadaha "kor u qaadaya qiimaha suuqa ee galleyda iyo soybeans", laakiin lama xusin waxa ay yihiin, ama meesha aad ka heli karto, ha ahaato taariikhda siyaasadaha beeraha iyo barnaamijyada, ama u doodista hadda. (Waxay ahaayeen siyaasadaha beeralayda iyo barnaamijyada Hiigsiga Cusub sida dib loo eegay.7 Dib-u-eegis lagu baabi'inayo kabidda iyo kor u qaadida dabaqyada qiimaha ayaa la soo jeediyay 1980-meeyadii sida Xeerka Dib-u-habaynta Siyaasadda Beeraha ama Harkin-Gephardt Bill Bill. Waxay ku jireen biilka beeraha iyada oo loo marayo 8 beerta biilka, laakiin heerar hoos u dhac ku yimi.Waxa laga heli karaa cuntada laga helo beeraha qoyska ee Isbahaysiga Beerta Qoyska ee Qaranka.1990 Nooc iyaga ka mid ah, oo leh heerar dabaq ah oo qiimo jaban, ayaa laga heli karaa warbixinta Daryll Ray ee POLYSYS.9)
Warbixintu waxay markaas ku dhammaatay iyada oo xoogga la saarayo sida ay muhiimka u tahay "dhaqaaleyaasha beeralayda inay falanqeeyaan" saameynta siyaasadda beeraha, laakiin lama xusin farqiga u dhexeeya beer-beelka beeralayda iyadoo ay jiraan kabitaanno iyo mid ka mid ah maqnaanshaha dabaqyada qiimaha. .
Saddexaad, dukumeenti kooban oo ku saabsan faa'iidooyinka doofaarka iyo digaaga ee qiimaha hooseeya, qiimaha hooseeya ayaa lagu sheegay tixraaca "1996 Bill Bill," laakiin ma jirto wax la sheegay in dabaqyada qiimaha lagu dhammeeyey sharcigaas.11 Waxaa jira tixraac "Siyaasadaha beeraha ee Maraykanka oo ka caawiyay inay hoos u dhigaan qiimaha badeecooyin badan oo beero ah," laakiin siyaasad gaar ah lama sheegin.
Meel kale Wise wuxuu ka hadlayaa qaar ka mid ah walaacyadan.12 Wuxuu qoray: "Haddii qiyaasaha daadinta ee Ritchie, Murphy et al. waa cabbirka qiimaha kor u kaca ee loo baahan yahay si kor loogu qaado qiimaha qiimaha buuxa ee wax soo saarka, ka dibna galleyda waa in aan raadinaa dib-u-habeyn siyaasadeed oo soo saarta korodhka qiimaha 20% -33%. Shaxda 4. 13] waxa uu soo koobayaa qaar ka mid ah [shan] daraasadihii dhawaa ee muhiimka ahaa. Waxa cajiib ah ayaa ah in mid ka mid ah xaaladaha xoraynta aysan dhalin nooca kororka qiimaha hadhuudhka adduunka kaas oo wax badan ka badali doona beeralayda dalka soo koraya.
Taas bedelkeeda, Wise dambe waxay soo xiganeysaa cilmi-baaris ku saabsan dabaqyada qiimaha Ray, de la Torre Ugarte et al. "Taas oo dib-u-habaynta siyaasadda Maraykanku ay diiradda saarayso… dib u soo celinta qaar ka mid ah siyaasadihii beeraha ee laga tagay labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ee riixitaanka ganacsiga xorta ah. Xaaladdan siyaasadeed ee beddelka ah, dawladdu waxay dib u bilaabi doontaa dadaallada firfircoon ee lagu dhimayo wax-soo-saarka iyada oo loo marayo meelo la bar-tilmaameedsaday oo dhul ah, maamulka dawladda ee dakhliga, iyo samaynta sagxadaha qiimaha iyo saqafka. Marka la eego jilitaankan, qiimaha galleyda ayaa kor u kici doona 37%.”13 Natiijadaas, taas oo ku salaysan qiimaha dabaqyada lagu dejiyay heer aad u hooseeya marka la barbar dhigo xilligii kabidda hore,14 si kastaba ha ahaatee waa ku filan tahay in laga gudbo heerka qashin-qubka hadhuudhka ee laga helay cilmi-baarista IATP oo uu soo xigtay Wise.
[1] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkEhW-tg9Q0&index=13&list=PLA1E706EFA90D1767
[2] Tom Philpott, "Waa maxay sababta aan u kobcineyno wax soo saarka galleyda, mar labaad?" Grist, http://grist.org/article/2010-03-25-corn-ethanol-meat-hfcs/
[3] Mark Bittman, "Ha joojin Kabitaanka Beeraha, Hagaaji," http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/01/dont-end-agricultural-subsidies-fix-them/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0.
[4] Jill Richardson, "Paarlberg wuxuu leeyahay kabida beeruhu nama siiyaan cunto junk ah oo jaban. Ma raacsani,” http://www.lavidalocavore.org/diary/4641/oh-the-stupidity-it-hurts.
[5] Alicia Harvie iyo Timothy A. Wise, "Macaanida Dheriga: Kabida aan tooska ahayn ee Macmacaanka Galleyda iyo Cudurka Cayilka Maraykanka," Machadka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah iyo Deegaanka, Jaamacadda Tufts, Febraayo 2009, http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/PB09-01SweeteningPotFeb09.pdf.
[6] Elanor Starmer, Aimee Witteman iyo Timothy A. Wise, " Quudinta Beerta Warshadda: Kabidda Dhakhsaha ah ee Wershadaha Digaagga ee Broiler ," Machadka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah iyo Deegaanka, Jaamacadda Tufts, Juun 2006, (http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/wp/06-03BroilerGains.pdf) AMA (http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/policy_research/BroilerGains.htm).
[7] Douglas E. Bowers, Wayne D. Rasmussen, iyo Gladys L. Baker, Taariikhda Taageerada Qiimaha Beeraha iyo Barnaamijyada hagaajinta, 1933-84, Warbixinta Beeraha No. (AIB485), Diisambar 1984, (57 pp. pdf. : http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/CAT10842840/PDF).
[8] Eeg, tusaale ahaan: (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfgZqgfkxXk&index=6&list=PLA1E706EFA90D1767),
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VdFNHWLGxM&index=7&list=PLA1E706EFA90D1767) iyo (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoWNTsd927g&index=8&list=PLA1E706EFA90D1767).
[9] (http://www.nffc.net/Learn/Fact%20Sheets/FFFA2007.pdf)
[10] Daryll E. Ray, Daniel G. De La Torre Ugarte, iyo Kelly J. Tiller, "Dib-u-eegista Siyaasadda Beeraha ee Maraykanka: Beddelka Koorsada Sugitaanka Hab-nololeedka Beeralayda ee Adduunka oo dhan," Xarunta Falanqaynta Siyaasadda Beeraha, 2003, http://agpolicy.org/blueprint.html, warbixin buuxda, p. 44.
[11] Timothy A. Wise iyo Elanor Starmer, "Faa'iidooyinka Shirkadaha Xoolaha ee Warshadaha ee Qiimaha Quudinta Hoose, 1997-2005." Machadka Horumarinta Caalamiga iyo Deegaanka, Jaamacadda Tufts, Febraayo 26, 2007, http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/CompanyFeedSvgsFeb07.pdf.
[12] Timothy A. Wise , "Isku-darka Kaalmada Beeraha: Arrimaha Qiyaasta, Tuurista Beeraha, iyo Dib-u-habaynta Siyaasadda, Horumarinta Caalamiga ah iyo Machadka Deegaanka, Jaamacadda Tufts, May 2004, (http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/wp/04-02AgSubsidies.pdf).
[13] Garaad, b. 22.
[14] Fiiri qoraalka hoose #10, oo arag sanduuqa 5 p. 45 ee qiimaha gaarka ah ee heerarka dabaqa ee loo isticmaalo, ie. galley $2.90/bu, kaas oo hadda ka hooseeya qiimaha wax soo saarka.
WAXYAABAHA KALE (laga bilaabo La Vida Locavore)
Dhibco wanaagsan laakiin (4.00/1)
Ma garanayo waxay Philpott iyo Bittman ka qoreen arrintan. Waan ogahay taas Jill Richardson waa sax markay wax qorayso
Haddii Paarlberg uu la tashan lahaa cilmi-baadhaha Timothy Wise oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Tufts, wuxuu heli lahaa xog caddaynaysa in nidaamkayaga kabidda in ka badan ama ka yar uu bixiyay kayd balaayiin doolar ah oo loogu talagalay warshadaha beeraha warshadda oo ah badeecado qiimo jaban ah muddooyinkan dhow.
Qorayaasha Tufts waxay ka taxaddareen inay si isdaba joog ah u dacweeyaan "U.S. siyaasadaha beeraha" iyo "U.S. siyaasadaha beeraha” oo ay ka gaabsadeen adeegsiga ereyada USDA lacag-bixinta tooska ah, caymiska dalagga, iwm. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, natiijadii biilka beeraha ee 1996, nidaamkii hore oo aan la dafiri karin ayaa lagu beddelay, sida ay qortay Jill, nidaam kabid.
Run ahaantii, lacag-bixinnada dawladdu si buuxda umay dhammaystirin farqiga u dhexeeya suuqa
Qiimaha iyo kharashka wax-soo-saarka laga soo bilaabo 1997 ilaa 2005. Beeraleyda iyo qoysaska beeralaydu waxay sameeyeen farqiga intii karaankooda ah dakhliga ka baxsan beeraha, laakiin waxaa lagu doodi karaa in kabida dawladdu ay ahayd qayb muhiim ah oo awood u siinaysa dadka inay sii wadaan iibinta alaabtooda ka hooseeya wax soo saarka. kharashka Waxa igu adag in aan helo farqi macno leh oo u dhexeeya in aan dhaho "kabka ayaa dadka u sahlaya in ay alaabtooda ku iibiyaan wax ka hooseeya kharashka wax soo saarka" iyo "nidaamka kabidda waxa uu awood u siinayaa dadka in ay alaabtooda ku iibiyaan wax ka hooseeya kharashka wax soo saarka."
Waxaan u malaynayaa kacsigaaga joogtada ah ee ku saabsan jaahilnimada dadka kale inay mugdi gelinayso qiimihii aad ka welwelaysay siyaasadda ag ee soo socota. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Bittman iyo Philpott ayaa laga yaabaa inay khaldan yihiin ama laga yaabo inay noqdaan, waxay u badan tahay inaanay u doodin hanti-wadaaga foosha xun ee aan xakamaynin inay noqoto beddelka nidaamka kaalmadayada hadda. Nidaamka hadda jira waa la beddeli doonaa ama la beddeli doonaa ugu dambeyntii. Taas diiradda saar. Haddii qof yiraahdo kabitaanno ama nidaamka kabidda "ay sababaan" wax, ha u sheegin sida ay nacasnimada u yihiin.
U dood beddelka aad door bidayso ee kabka.
Dhammaan waan ogahay, sababaha qiimaha hooseeya waxay la mid noqon karaan sababaha qiimaha sarreeya - oligopolies caalamiga ah iyo monopolies. Waan ogahay inay jiraan wax ka badan sahayda iyo baahida.
Guud ahaan, waxaanu sawiranay ganacsiga US-Mexico ee galleyda sidii daraasad tusaale ah. Waxaan ku soo gabagabeyneynaa in dhimista kabida aysan u badneyn inay hoos u dhigto cadaadiska dhaqaale ee soo saarayaasha galleyda Mexico ee ka yimaada dhoofinta qiimaha jaban ee Mareykanka, sidoo kale tallaabooyinkan oo kale uma badna inay wanaajiyaan rajada dhaqaale ee beeralayda yar yar ee la midka ah ee koraya cuntada ugu horrayn ee nolol maalmeedka iyo suuqa gudaha. Taa beddelkeeda, dib-u-habaynta siyaasaddu waa inay diiradda saaraan joojinta qashinka beeraha, yaraynta wax-soo-saarka badeecadaha caalamiga ah ee dalagyada muhiimka ah, iyo yaraynta awoodda suuqa ee ganacsiyada beeraha.
by: tiri @ Talaado Apr 12, 2011 saacada 18:23:19 PM CDT
Mahad iyo caddayn (4.00 / 1)
Waad ku mahadsan tahay soo galitaanka doodda. Tani waa arrin ay dad badani u maleeyeen inay si aad ah muhiim ugu tahay 50 sano, (laakin aad dhif u ah inaad ka hesho blogyada cuntada). Waan ka mahadcelinayaa rabitaankaaga inaad dhageysato. Waxay iigu muuqataa inaadan fahmin qodobka aan sheegayo, ama sababta ay muhiim u tahay. Taasi waa fikradeyda, oo ku saleysan waxaad qortay, sida aan hoos ku sharxi doono. I sax haddii aan qaldanahay. Uma jeedo mid kasta inuu soo jeediyo in qof kastaa uu doqon yahay, inkasta oo aan fahamsanahay in tani ay tahay gabagabo sahlan oo lagu soo gabagabeeyo halka isfaham la'aantu ay jirto. Waad ku mahadsan tahay faallo celintaas sidoo kale.
Marka hore, halkan waa sababta ay muhiim u tahay. Haddii dib-u-habaynta dhaqaale ee suurtogalka ah ee siyaasad ahaan (ie. capping, greening, tirtiridda) MA hagaajin doono dhibaatooyinka hadhuudhka raqiis ah, iwm., ka dibna si loogu doodo "dib u habeyn" kuwa kale oo iyaga ku saabsan waa in la siiyo dadka rajo been ah oo marin habaabiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa. laga bilaabo xal wax ku ool ah. Xubin ka tirsan shaqaalaha NFFC ayaa ii sheegay, tusaale ahaan, in ka dib markii aan arrintan sharraxay kulan, xubin ka mid ah dhagaystayaashu waxa ay si aasaasi ah ugu jawaabeen: "Marka waxaad ii sheegaysaa intii aan u doodayay biilka beeraha ee 2008 ee ka soo horjeeda kaalmada, waxaan u dooday khalad. dhinac. Waxaan u ololeeyay in aan u hiiliyo ganacsiga agriiska” (tusaale ahaan ficillada laakiin aan ahayn ruuxa ama ulajeedka). Waxay ku jawaabeen: "Haa, taasi waa waxa aanu nidhi."
Haa, taasi macno miyay samaynaysaa. Haddii aan sax ahay, markaa waxa Philpott, Bittman, Jill iyo adiga halkan ku qoreen meelahan waa, ficil ahaan laakiin maaha si ula kac ah, oo lagu taageerayo ganacsiga beeraha. Geli erayadaada, waxaan leeyahay taas, guud ahaan, "Bittman iyo Philpott ... samee ... u doodaan hanti-wadaaga aan la xakameynin oo ah beddelka nidaamka kabidda ee hadda jira," (ma aha si ula kac ah, si ka duwan, laakiin) sababtoo ah ma sameeyaan. faham xaqiiqada arrinta. Sida iska cad, tani maaha ujeedada qof kasta oo ku jira dhaqdhaqaaqa cuntada. Qof kasta oo la wadaaga qiyamkan oo doonaya qof kasta oo ku jira dhaqdhaqaaqa cuntada. Qof kasta oo la wadaaga qiyamkan oo doonaya inuu joojiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa cuntada inuu la safto ganacsiga beeraha ayaa laga yaabaa inuu si ka duwan u arko "harping" si ka duwan. Taasi waa, waxaan fahamsanahay inay ahaan lahayd "harping", haddii fikradahaagu ay sax yihiin, laakiin haddii dhab ahaantii dhaqdhaqaaqa cuntadu uu si toos ah u doodayay oo ka soo horjeeda qiyamkooda, markaa waxay qaadataa iftiin aad u kala duwan.
Hagaag, markaa waxaan tilmaamayaa caddaynta in kabitaannada aysan xakameynin hanti-wadaaga (waxay kaliya daboolayaan xakameyn la'aanta, la'aanta siyaasadaha loo baahan yahay). Maxaa xannibay hanti-wadaaga (biilka beeraha), waxa kor u qaada qiimaha badeecadaha beeraha, waa nidaamka dabaqa qiimaha oo lagu taageeray hoos u dhigista saadka marka loo baahdo. Taasi waa dhinaca hoose ee qiimaha. Dhinaca sare ee xakamaynta hanti-wadaaga suuqa xorta ah waa saqafka qiimihiisu si uu u kiciyo sii daynta sahayda kaydka marka loo baahdo.
Sinaba uma diidi karo in ay u muuqdaan sababo macquul ah ama caqli gal ah sababta kabiddu u noqon karto sababta ugu weyn ee qiimaha beeraha hooseeyo. Jill waxay siisay qaar ka mid ah kuwa ku jira gabalka la soo xigtay ee ay qortay. Waxaad sidoo kale sheegtay qaar ka mid ah sababahan, (ie. "waa lagu doodi karaa"). Markaa anigu kuma khilaafsani in qodobbada aad ka hadashay ay si dhab ah u saxan yihiin. Sababta kale ayaa ah in kabiddu ay si dhow ula xiriirto qiimo jaban muddo sannado ah halkaas oo ay jireen kaalmooyin. (Caddaynta kale, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay tusinaysaa in xidhiidhkan cilmiyeed aanu ahayn xidhiidh sabab.)
Jawaabtaada, ma aadan xusin arrimaha siyaasadda ee aan idhi asal ahaan waa tan muhiimka ah, markaa taasi waa qayb ka mid ah waxa ka dhigaya inaadan runtii soo qaadan qodobbadayda ugu muhiimsan. Arrintaas siyaasaddu waa dabaqyada qiimaha (oo leh maareynta saadka). Marka laga reebo inaad sheegtay "nidaamkii hore," ka hor 1996 biilka beeraha. Waxa ku dhacay kabitaanka 1996 waa in xoogaa la kordhiyey, ka dibna afar biilasha degdegga ah ee beeraha, ayaa lagu kordhiyey qaar kale. Laakiin waxa sidoo kale dhacay ayaa ah in sagxadaha qiimaha iyo maareynta saadka la soo afjaray. Dabaqa qiimaha hadhuudhka ayaa laga soo tuuray $1.89 ilaa eber, isbeddelka ugu daran ee taariikhda barnaamijka. Taas ka hor, sagxadaha qiimaha ayaa hoos loo dhigay iyo in ka badan, laga bilaabo 1953-1995, sidaas darteed aad bay u hooseeyaan 1986, sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee qaar ka mid ah xogta Tufts/IATP.
Hagaag, hadda barta aad u malaynayso inay Jill "sax tahay." Haa, dukumeentiyada kala duwan ee Tufts waxay soo bandhigayaan caddaynta in siyaasadda beeraha, (aan ahayn kabitaan,) ay sababtay balaayiinkaas kaydka ah ee ganacsiga. Laakin maya, in la yiraahdo waxaa sababay "nidaamka kabidda" waa in dadka lagu marin habaabiyo in ay u maleeyaan in isbeddelada kabida ay u hagaajin doonaan si kasta oo macquul ah. Waxa sababay maqnaanshaha dabaqyada qiimaha wax ku oolka ah, iwm. Qaybta kabiddu maaha qayb ka mid ah Magaca Badeecadaha ee Biilasha Beeraha ee sababay qiimaha hoose. Ma jiro nooc ka mid ah isbeddellada kabidda oo xallin doona dhibaatada. Hagaag, markaa ka dib markaan gaarno gabagabadaas, aynu dhammaanteen caawino dhaqdhaqaaqa cuntada si ay u beddelaan sida ay u doodaan, si ay u doodaan ka soo horjeeda daryeelka shirkadaha agribusiness. (Adiga iyo kuwa kaleba waxaa laga yaabaa inaadan weli igu raacsanayn, laakiin waxaan tixraacay cadaymo iyo waraaqo kala duwan.)
Hagaag, waxaan u maleynayaa in dadku aysan si fudud u fahmin in Daryll Ray iyo Tim Wise ay igu raacsan yihiin arrintan, oo aysan ku raacsanayn qorayaashan kale.
PS: "Beddelka la door biday" waa wax kasta oo la xaqiijin karo inay sababaan dhibaatooyinka looga hadlay dukumeentiyada Tufts. Waxaan aad uga soo horjeedaa xal kasta oo been abuur ah. Hagaag, markaa haddii aan sax ahay, waxaan qabanayaa shaqo aad u fiican laakiin aan la mahadin. Haddii aan qaldanahay, qofkii raba wuxuu u tegi karaa afarta daliil oo uu beenin karo. (https://znetwork.org/zblogs/michael-pollan-rebuttal-four-proofs-against-pollans-corn-subsidy-argument-by-brad-wilson/)
caddayn dheeraad ah (0.00 / 0)
Xaqiiqda ah inaanan ereyadaada dib u kicin macnaheedu maaha inaan fahmin qodobbadaada. Waa inaan fahmo, waxaad ku celinaysay iyaga muddo dheer. Markaa haa, waad khaldan tahay ilaa xadka aad u malaynayso inaanan fahmin waxaana laga yaabaa inaad khaldantahay markaad u malaynayso dadka kale inaanay fahmin. Markii aan qoray "nidaamka hore", waan ogaa waxa nidaamkii hore ahaa, iyo markii aan qoray "bedelka doorbiday", waxaan u qaatay in aad samaynayso kiis ku saabsan maaraynta saadka iyo sagxadaha qiimaha, sida aad samaysay oo dhan, iyo aniga faham sababta qodobbadaadu muhiim u yihiin.
Kaliya si aan ugu celceliyo cad, ma odhan kabida ama nidaamkayaga kabida "sababta" qiimo jaban ama "sabab", erayada qorayaasha Tufts, kabka qarsoon ee warshadaha xoolaha. Waxaan idhi kabyada ama nidaamka kabidda, oo ay weheliso dakhliga ka soo baxa beerta, waxay u suurtagelisaa beeralayda inay sii noolaadaan inkasta oo qiimuhu ka hooseeyo kharashka wax soo saarka. Fikradaada halkan waa muhiim, waana kugu raacsanahay
... kabitaanadu MA xakameeyaan hanti-wadaaga (waxa ay daboolaan kaliya xakamayn la'aanta, la'aanta siyaasadaha loo baahan yahay)
Taasi waa aragti wanaagsan iyo hab ka wanaagsan, laga yaabee hab wax ku ool ah oo lagu sheego waxaan isku dayay inaan sheego. Helitaanka fikrado wanaagsan ayaa ah sababta aan u leenahay wada-hadalladan.
Waxa kale oo aan ogolahay in nidaamka kabida uu yahay daryeelka shirkadaha beeraha, ma aha oo kaliya kuwa xoolaha soo saara, laakiin sidoo kale shirkadaha abuurka iyo kiimikada, shirkadaha qalabka, wakiilada dhulka iyo bangiyada. Beeralayda ayaa laga yaabaa inuu noqdo ka-faa'iidaystaha ugu horreeya, laakiin lacagtu waxay ku sii jirtaa akoonkeeda bangi ilaa hal ilbiriqsi ka hor inta aan lagu shubin xisaab bangi shirkadeed. Sidaa darteed dadku waxay yiraahdeen, "Beereedkaasi wuxuu u buuran yahay sida jeebka iibiyaha Monsanto." Markaan ku heshiiyo mar kale, fahamkaygu waa in biilasha beeraha degdega ah ee aad sheegtay ay "sabatay" - waxaa jira ereygaas mar kale - oo ay sabab u tahay wax soo saarka xad-dhaafka ah iyo qiimaha hooseeya ee raacay biilka beeraha 1996. Wax-soo-saarkaas xad-dhaafka ah iyo qiimahaas jaban lama odhan karo waxaa sababay kabkii ku jiray xeerkii 1996-kii ama afartii biilal ee xigay marka laga reebo, sida aniga iyo adiga aan ku raacsannahay, waxay qariyeen ceebaha aasaasiga ah ee nidaamka cusub. Xaq ma u leeyahay?
by: tiri @ Talaado Apr 12, 2011 saacada 23:02:10 PM CDT
[ Waalid ]
tallaabada xigta (0.00 / 0)
Haa, mahadsanid. Waxaan arkaa inaad fahantay waxyaabaha muhiimka ii ah. Aan milicsado hal ama laba qodob oo aad samaysay si aad u sii hubiso oo aad u caddayso. Hagaag, markaa waad ogtahay in aan xooga saarayo in "nidaamka" qalliinka uusan ahayn nidaam kabid ah, laakiin halkii uu yahay nidaamka qiimaha dabaqa / sahayda (iwm., ama maamulka suuqa). Malaha qeexitaanno gaar ah ayaa ku caawin doona:
"Nidaamka Kabidda": Nidaamka lacag bixinta magdhowga beeralayda ee aan keenin qiimo jaban. Nidaamka kabiddu maaha mid aad u khuseeya isbeddellada aan u baahanahay, marka laga reebo in loo isticmaalo wareegga, iyo warbaahinta caadiga ah waxay u maleyneysaa inay keento qiimo jaban. Si aad uga hadasho nidaamka kabida waa in dadka lagu dhiirigaliyo in ay dib u habeeyaan kabyada, taas oo ku fiican iibsada hadhuudhka beeraha. Dib u habayn nidaamkaas aan khusayn waxa aad rabto oo dhan. "Nidaamka dabaqa qiimaha (& saqafka & maamulka saadka):"Nidaamka dib u habaynta ee aan u baahanahay si aan u hagaajino qiimaha badeecadaha beeraha raqiis ah (iyo sarraysa). Tani waa nidaamka lagu xoojinayo buugaagta iyo filimada, blogyada iyo fiidiyowyada si loo dhiso dhaqdhaqaaq lagu joojinayo daryeelka shirkadaha agribusiness (ka hooseeya qiimaha badarka iyo badeecadaha kale) oo loo gaaro cadaalad. Hagaag, waxaan aragnaa, markaa, inaanan ku raacsanayn in "nidaamka kabiddu uu yahay daryeelka shirkadaha agribusiness," maadaama aysan hoos u dhigin qiimaha, iibsadayaashuna ma helaan faa'iidooyin dhaqaale oo kabka ah. Xaqiiqda ah in beeralayda lagu magdhabo kabitaan ma keenayso ganacsi ganacsi si ay u helaan qiimo jaban (halkii, kabida beeralayda ee ay sababtay qiimaha jaban). Markaa halkan waa luuqad jahawareer ah mar kale. Laakiin taasi ma aha waxa aad ula jeeday? Ma waxaad ula jeedday sida aan u sheegay? Ama maya? Waayahay
Hagaag, markaa waxaad ogolaatay in qof kasta oo ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa cuntada uu u doodo nidaamka qiimaha jaban (aan lahayn qiimo dabaqyo iwm) iyo ku filan (ama sare oo ku filan si aan magdhow loo baahnayn) sagxadaha qiimaha iyo maareynta sahayda, kaydka iyo saqafka qiimaha, (ie. NFFC's Food from Family Farms Act, Daryl Ray's POLYSYS Xalka) halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen wax ka bedelka kaliya, oo aan waxba hagaajin? Markaa waxaad ogolaatay in buugaagta, filimada, blogyada iyo fiidiyowyada gaagaaban ay dadka ka caawiyaan inay kala saaraan xalka waxtarka leh iyo kan beenta ah? Markaa miyaad diidan tahay habka Bittman u qaabeeyo arrinta?
Ma ku dhownahay inaan isku bog nahay?
PS: Aragtidaydu waxa ay tahay in beeralaydu inta badan aanay “badbaadin,” laakiin badidoodu way ka baxeen ganacsiga tan iyo markii ay bilaabeen inay hoos u dhigaan sagxadaha qiimaha sannadkii 1953. Kuwo kalena waxay ku badbaadaan inay nasiib ku yeeshaan khamaarka, ama dhaxal faa'iido leh, ama inay aad u hooseeyaan. kirada qoyska ama carmal deriska la ah, ama iyada oo aan dayactirin tas-hiilaadka xoolaha, ama carruurta ka guuraysa si ay shaqooyin kale u helaan, ama ay noqdaan beeraley da 'weyn oo raasamaal badan leh, ama iibsashada dhul ka dib shilkii 1980-yadii, ama adoo isticmaalaya 30 jir mishiinada, ama adoo ka hela mishiino/dhul raqiis ah beeralayda quusta, iyo sidoo kale xaaska iyo dakhliga ka soo gala beerta, kor iyo wixii ka dambeeya, ama arrimo is biirsaday oo la mid ah.
[ Waalid ]
Dan Imhoff wuxuu ku biiray Bittman iyo Philpott arrintan, sida la arkay (0.00 / 0)
bogga internetka ee buugga Imhoff (gaar ahaan, http://www.foodfight2012.org/tImhoff wuxuu soo xigtay xogta iyo falanqaynta Tim Wise et al, isaga oo ku dhejinaya jaantus, taas oo loo malaynayo inay muujinaysaa "guulaystayaashii dhabta ahaa" (ereyada Tim) "Qaraxii kaalmada ee tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay" (Erayada Imhoff). Sida cad, sida Bittman iyo Philpott, Imhoff wuxuu sheeganayaa in kabitaannada ay sababeen qiimaha jaban, natiijooyinka Tim Wise uu falanqeeyay. Mar labaad, Tim Wise wuxuu ogyahay in kabitaannada aysan ahayn sababta ka dambeysa natiijooyinkiisa.
Add Guddiga Dhakhtarka ee Daawada Mas'uulka ah liiska. (0.00 / 0)
Warbixintooda, "Beeraha iyo Siyaasadaha Caafimaadka ee iskahorimaadka: Sida Kaalmada Cuntadu u Cashuurto Caafimaadkeena," (http://www.pcrm.org/health/reports/agriculture-andhealth-siyaasadaha-ag-ka-hortagga-caafimaadka) laba dukumeenti oo ka yimid GDAE ee Jaamacadda Tufts, oo uu wada qoray Tim Wise, ayaa la soo xigtay. Marka hore eeg qoraalka hoose 41 iyo 51http://www.pcrm.org/health/reports/agriculture-and-health-policies-conclusion). Cf. (http://www.pcrm.org/health/reports/agriculture-and-health-policies-ag-versus-health).
Waxay qoraan in "Elanor Starmer iyo Timothy Wise… waxay soo jeedinayaan in… canshuur bixiyeyaasha… ay, dhaqangal, kabiyeen iibsashada quudinta FACTORY FARMS." Run ahaantiina, warbixinta sidoo kale waxay ku qoraan (xarfaha, A. to D., anigaa iska leh, waxaanan ku daray xoojinta xarfaha CAPITAL):
[A] "Xogta sare waxay soo jeedinaysaa inay si wada jir ah u badbaadiyeen ku dhawaad $4 bilyan sanadkii ilaa 1997 - Isu geyn ku dhawaad $35 bilyan sagaal sano gudahood."
[B] Mar labaad, farqiga u dhexeeya qiimaha suuqa hoose ee quudinta iyo kharashka badan ee beeralaydu ku bixiyaan soo saarista galleyda iyo soyga ayaa waxa buuxiyey kabitaan
[C] IYO DAKHLIGA FARMAAJO EE QOYSKA BEERAHA."
Hagaag, tani waa xoogaa farsamo Waxa muhiimka ahi waa sida fahamka noocaas ahi u saameeyo u doodista. Falanqayntayda:
[A] RUN
[B] Qayb RUN ah Waa been in gebi ahaanba la buuxiyey farqiga. Qayb keliya ayaa la buuxiyey, sida aan ku muujiyey bloggeyga"Sheekooyinka Kaalmada: Sida Cunto-cuntadu ay ula'aan u baaba'aan Beeralayda Qoyska.” Tim Wise, et al, waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan waligood arkin xog wanaagsan taas. Ogsoonow sidoo kale in Wise, "farqiga" waxaa lagu qeexay muxaafid ahaan inuu yimaado eber, helitaanka lacag ku filan oo uu xitaa jebiyo, (daboosho kharashyada, laakiin aan wax lacag ah samaynin markaad beero). Isagu ma isticmaalo halbeeg lagu sameeyo qiimaha "mushaharka ugu yar", qiimaha "mushaharka nolosha" ama lagu gaaro "ganacsi cadaalad ah" qiimo ka sarreeya eber, sida beeralayda ay heli lahaayeen soo celinta wanaagsan ee maalgashigooda, sida ganacsiyada guuleysta ee meelo kale.
[C] RUN
Hagaag, dhammaan waa run, ama qayb ahaan run, ilaa hadda.
[D] BEEN (marka laga reebo laga yaabaa in qadar yar, sida hoos lagu sharaxay).
Ok, sidee buu D. been u noqon karaa haddii B. run yahay. Jawaabtu waa in siinta kabida beeralayda [B.] aysan hoos u dhigin qiimaha CAFOs, inkastoo Wise iyo Starmor ay tilmaamayaan inay sameeyaan, oo ay u muuqdaan inay sheegaan inay sameeyaan. Taa baddalkeeda, waxa run ahaantii hoos u dhigaya qiimaha suuqa beeraha waa (dhaqaale ahaan,) qiimo la'aanta qiimaha iyo (siyaasad ahaan) la'aanta Qiimaha Dabaqa, sida aan ku caddeeyey 4 siyaabood ee 2 fiidiyowyada "Michael Pollan Rebuttal," (kor ku xusan). OK HADDII aad bixiso kabida beeralayda, CAFOs waxay faa'iidooyinkooda ka helaan dabaqyada qiimaha eber iyo maareynta saadka eber. Haddii aadan bixin kabitaan, (tusaale, sicirka eber iyo xaaladaha suuqa ee aan haysanay muddada daraasadda, laakiin la'aanteed kabida,) waxaad beeralayda si degdeg ah uga saari lahayd ganacsiga, oo aad abuuri lahayd feejignaan weyn. oo xitaa xoolo badan ku riixay CAFO-yada, markaa taasi gabi ahaanba ma aha xal wax ku ool ah.
XOGTA U qalanta On p. 21 ee "Kaalmada Beeraha," Tim Wise (kor ku xusan) wuxuu leeyahay jaantus muujinaya shan daraasadood oo dhaqaale oo waaweyn kuwaas oo qiyaasaya saamaynta baabi'inta kabidda. Marka, tusaale ahaan, haddii aad ka takhalusto galleyda Mareykanka iyo kabyada kale, qiimaha gallayda ay ku iibsadaan CAFOs ayaa hoos u dhici lahaa oo waxay noqon doontaa mid ka jaban, ma qaali, qaddar yar, qiyaastii 2%, sida laga soo xigtay daraasadda Daryll Ray. (kor ku xusan). Tirtiridda kabidda, sidaas darteed, ma keenayso xitaa isbeddello yaryar oo ku yimaadda jihada ay Wise iyo Starmor soo jeediyaan, laakiin waxay doorbidi lahaayeen inay (yar) u noqdaan jihada ka soo horjeeda. Daraasado kale ayaa siinaya boqolkiiba laba dhibcood ee galleyda iyo dalagyada kale ee ka sarreeya eber. Habkan yar, haa, waxa la odhan karaa cashuur bixiyayaasha ayaa kabsada qaar ka mid ah qiimaha jaban. Shaki kama qabo in ay jiraan saameyno yaryar oo ku saabsan qiimaha suuqa, kor ama hoos (iyadoo ku xiran dalagga iyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya dalagyada kala duwan,) si looga takhaluso dhammaan kabitaannada dhammaan dalagyada badeecadaha.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasadahan, si cad, sinaba uma soo jeedinayaan in la'aanta qiimaha aysan khuseynin, sinaba uma muujinayso in baabi'inta kabida ay keeni lahayd in ka sarreeya eber, "mushaharka nolosha," sinnaanta, ama "ganacsiga caddaaladda" dalagga badeecadaha. Qiimaha, marka la eego xaaladaha suuqa ee sannadihii daraasadda Tim Wise, (1997-2005,) markii aan haysanay qiimaha suuqa badeecadaha ee ugu hooseeya taariikhda.
Dhanka kale, dukumeentiga Paradox, Wise (bogga 22) wuxuu tixraacayaa daraasadda Daryll Ray ee 2003 ee ku lug leh maareynta saadka iyo sagxadaha qiimaha, kaas oo la helay,
Sagxada qiimaha Ray iyo heerarka maareynta saadka,) in CAFOs ay tahay inay bixiyaan 37% ka badan noocyada siyaasadaha aan ku talinayo. Natiijooyinka aadka isku midka ah ayaa ka yimid 3 cilmi-baaris oo la mid ah oo ay samaysay FAPRI (U Mo. & IaStatU) intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, iyo cilmi-baaris laga sameeyay Texas A & M. xaddigu meelna kuma soo dhawaado soo afjarida qashin-qubka, kaas oo ahaa 65% (ka hooseeya eber) suufka.
PCRM waxay sidoo kale tixraacaysaa Tim Wise ee qoraalka 41, halkaas oo ay guud ahaan wax ka qoraan "xidhiidhka u dhexeeya kabitaanka federaalka iyo qiimaha tafaariiqda ee alaabta badeecadaha" iyo sida "wax-soo-saarka badeecooyinka badan, qiimaha jaban ay u qalloociyaan suuqa alaabooyinka aan la kabin oo ay siiyaan cuntooyin aan caafimaad qabin." Mar labaad, malo-awaalkooda ku saabsan tani waa been, Tim Wise-na hubaal wuu ogyahay inay khaldan yihiin, sida lagu muujiyey aqoonta uu u leeyahay daraasadaha dhaqaale ee ku saabsan maaraynta sahayda baabi'inta kabidda iyo Dabaqyada Qiimaha, sida kor ku xusan.
Ku dar Anna Lappe liiskan (0.00 / 0)
Anna Lappe sidoo kale waxay ku dhacdaa faham-darrada Tim Wise, buuggeeda, Cunto loogu talagalay meeraha kulul. Waxay u adeegsataa ilo isaga sidii isagoo sheegay in kabiddu ay keento qiimo jaban. Waxay u muuqataa in aanay haysan ilo kale oo arrintan ka fahma, markaa 1deeda wanaagsan ayaa la fahmi waayay. Iyadu wax tixraac ah uma hayso hoggaamiyeyaasha waaweyn ee caddaaladda beeraha ee fahmaya arrintan. (cf. Brad Wilson, "Isbeddelka Cimilada iyo Cadaalada Beeraha: Sharciga Beeraha ee Buuga Anna Lappe: Dib u eegis: Cunto loogu talagalay meeraha kulul,” weli lama soo dhejin (8/2/14).
Asal ahaan waxaa loo dhajiyay sida: Brad Wilson, "Philpott iyo Bittman waxay ku qaldan yihiin Tim Wise," La Vida Locavore, http://www.lavidalocavore.org/diary/4651/philpott-bittman-are-wrong-about-tim-wise, Apr 12, 2011, kaas oo si ku meel gaar ah hoos ugu dhacay 7/14.
ZNetwork waxa lagu maalgeliyaa oo keliya deeqsinimada akhristeyaasheeda.
Nalasoo