Ka dib fadhi dhawaan istiraatijiyad ah oo ku saabsan doorashooyin nadiif ah oo ay leeyihiin codbixiyayaashu, waxaan go'aansaday inaan qoro liiska hubinta si loogu isticmaalo qiimaynta xeeladaha iyo tabaha. Sababta liiska hubinta waa inaan ku khilaafsannahay hoggaamiyeyaal badan oo aagga waxa la sameeyo.
Waa kan qabyo-qoraalkaygii ugu horreeyay. Asalkaygu wuxuu ku jiraa abaabulka arrinta. Waxaan tababar iyo daabacaad macluumaad ka helay Muwaadiniinta Iowa ee Horumarinta Bulshada, (halkaas oo aan ka shaqeeyay qabanqaabiye ahaan,) Xarunta Tababarka iyo Macluumaadka Qaranka (Shel Trapp iyo kuwa kale, kuwaas oo abaabulaya Waxqabadka Shacbiga Qaranka), iyo Ururka Galbeedka ee Goleyaasha Kheyraadka (Pat Sweeney). Waxa saamayn igu yeeshay qoraallada Saul Alinsky, Martin Luther King, Gandhi, iyo Roger Fisher (iyo al ee Mashruuca wada xaajoodka Harvard).
Liiskan hubinta loolama jeedo in lagu tilmaamo in aysan jirin meel loo maro habab kale. Waxaa cad in uu jiro. Aragtidaydu waxay tahay in habkan inta badan wax yar la fahmayo. Waxaan ogaaday in isku dayga halista ah ee lagu hirgelinayo ay aad dhif u yihiin. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxaan u arkaa wax la socda khadadkan inay yihiin mudnaanta sare ee cad.
1. Miyaynu beegsanaynaa qof dhab ahaantii go'aanka gaadhay? Waa kee qofka awoodda u leh inuu go'aan ka gaaro? Waa meesha laga bilaabayo. Midigta hore ee taagan geeska dariiqa oo leh calaamadaha mudaaharaadyada guud ayaa laga yaabaa in meesha laga saaro. Dadka baabuurka wata si toos ah go'aan uma gaaraan. Qof kale ayaa sameeya. Mudaaharaadyada astaanta u ah ee ku wajahan dareenka warbaahinta ayaa laga yaabaa in sidoo kale meesha laga saaro. Tan waxaa ka mid ah in lagu xiro "ujeeddooyin mudaaharaad." Taa beddelkeeda diiradda (shaqadayada, ka faa'iidaysiga kheyraadkeena) waxay ku jihaysan tahay in aan saameyn ku yeelano kuwa dhabta ah ee dhibaatada keenaya. Qodobadan waxaan aad ula dhacay buugga Roger Fisher, Beyond Machiavelli. Laba ka mid ah lixda cutub ee warqaddan yar (asal ahaan 1/3 ee buugga oo dhan) waxay diiradda saaraan go'aamiyaha la beegsanayo, (kan, shayga) #1 liiska hubinta).
2. Diyaar ma u nahay inaan ku qasbino inay nala soo xiriiraan? Talaabada ugu horeysa waa in la dejiyo geedi socod isgaarsiineed oo socda. Badanaa, ku lug lahaanshahayga, waxay leeyihiin xirfado wanaagsan oo ay iskaga ilaalinayaan isgaadhsiinta. U diyaargarow inaad goor hore adkaato. Halkii aad ka samayn lahayd ficil toos ah oo aan rabshad lahayn oo ujeeddooyin madhan ah, isticmaal marka ay diidaan inay shakhsi ahaan ula hadlaan kooxdaada.
3. Ma ka codsanaynaa qofka inuu sameeyo wax gaar ah? Koox ku sugan magaalada Iowa ayaa raacay Congressman Jim Leach. Mid kale oo Des Moines ah ayaa raacay Grassley. Way heleen #1 xaq. Kooxdii kowaad waxay heshay shir, kii labaadna way ku adkeyd ficil, iyagoo doonaya in la xiro. Waxaan waydiiyay hoggaamiyeyaasha waxa ay ka codsadeen Leach iyo Grassley inay sameeyaan. Kooxdii kowaad ma waydiisan in wax la qabto, ee waa in la maqlo. Kooxda labaad ayaa sidoo kale codsaday in la maqlo, si ay shaqaaluhu u maqlaan iyaga oo sheegaya fikradahooda. Mid ka mid ah hogaamiyayaashooda ugu waaweyn ayaa ii sheegay in aysan rumaysnayn in Grassley laga codsado in uu wax sameeyo, sababtoo ah maaha mid ku jirta goobta suurtogalka ah. Kooxdayadu, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay isla markiiba ku guulaysteen 4 ama 5 tilaabo (inkasta oo kuwayaga cusubi aanu waligiis sheegin in ay aaminsan yihiin in aanu waligay wax ku guulaysan doono Waxa aan soo jeedinayo ayaa aad uga fog xeeladahan caadiga ah, ee aan waxtarka lahayn.
4. Ma tahay tallaabo lagu guulaysan karo? It doesnโt have to have a greater than 50% chance of being won, just a reasonable chance, suggests Roger Fisher in his books. Each of the examples in #3 were surely winnable. They were too winnable in my book. There was no excuse for neglecting to prepare and ask for specific actions. Holding signs on a street corner, if analyzed for an intended message targeted toward decision makers, probably is not winnable (ie. that drivers will become informed and take certain actions on members of Congress). Or else it asks for too little. Note also that I refer to a โstep.โ The idea is to find steps that the decision maker can take, and to โalways be ready with the next step.โ Win victory steps and then keep winning additional steps. Hey, they call it a โmovement.โ
5. Si fiican ma ugu diyaar garownay tan? Wax badan ayaa la qaban karaa si loogu diyaargaroobo guusha dhabta ah. Shel Trapp waxay xooga saaraysaa diyaarinta fudud. Halkan waxaan ku ogaanayaa in qabanqaabiyeyaasha wanaagsan ay caadi ahaan yihiin shakhsiyaad "ficil." Miyaan la odhan Gandhi in uu had iyo jeer doonayo in uu sameeyo wax la taaban karo, oo aanu lahayn laf dadban oo jidhkiisa ah. Hal dhibic halkan ayaa ah in guuleysiga laga yaabo inay ka sahlanaato sidaad u maleyneyso, haddii aad runtii hesho ka dib. Dhanka kale, Roger Fisher (et al) ayaa leh qalab aad u fiican oo diyaarinta ah. Buugaagta Ka gudub Machiavelli iyo La-qabsiga Colaadaha Caalamiga ah waxay leeyihiin jaantusyo laga samayn karo waraaqo shaqo. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah jaantusyada "Doorashada Hadda La Arkay" iyo "Doorashada Mustaqbalka Bartilmaameedka". (Kuwani waxay ahaayeen mar online, laakiin tan iyo markaas waa laga saaray, laga yaabee sababtoo ah Roger Fisher wuu fariistay.) Waxaan foomamka galiyay kombuyuutarkayga, inta badan sida xaashida xaashida (sida aan ku samayn doono dhibcooyinkayga halkan). Waxay u baahan yihiin in laga dhigo mid laga heli karo onlayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, buugga Fisher, U Diyaargarowga Wada-xaajoodka: Buug-hawleedka Haa Helitaanka waxa uu haystaa baakidh buuxa oo ah xaashi shaqo oo dheeraad ah, oo ay ku jirto mid hore oo toos ah oo lagu qiimaynayo halka aad ka bilaabayso.
6. Ma naqaan waxa la sameeyo ka dib marka ay "maya dhahaan?" Waxaan ogaaday in habka loo wajaho in la rabo in la maqlo ay mararka qaarkood raacdo joojinta ka dib marka ay yiraahdaan maya. "Hagaag, way na maqleen, laakiin markaas waxay yidhaahdeen maya. Ugu yaraan waanu isku daynay.โ Dhab ahaantii, waxaan filan lahaa inay mar walba maya dhahaan, marka ugu horeysa. Waxay xirfadlayaal ku yihiin inay dhahaan maya. (Waxa laga yaabaa in aan mawduucan ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah erayada heestayda.)
Aad bay ugu fiican yihiin oo waxaa laga yaabaa inaadan ogayn inay maya leeyihiin. Waxaan u arkaa, tusaale ahaan, inay caado u tahay sharci-dejiyeyaasha inay dhoola cadeeyaan oo ay ku heshiiyaan dadka marka ay ula jeedaan inay khilaafsan yihiin inay qaadi doonaan tallaabo kasta. "Waxa aad samaynayso waa cajiib." Xaaladdaas waxaad u baahan tahay inaad si gaar ah u waydiiso: "Marka ma waxaad leedahay waxaad qaadi doontaa tallaabo gaar ah (ama falkeena gaarka ah) ee tan?" "Hagaag, maya, dhab ahaantii waan diidanahay. waan u codayn doonaa.
Istaraatiijiyad kale oo caadi ah ayaa ah inay kuu sheegaan inaysan lahayn awood ay wax ku qabtaan. โWaxa aad sheegayso aad bay muhiim u tahay. Waa in aad la hadashaa dadka wax ka qaban kara (sida guddoomiyaha guddiga)โ. โSidoo kale taas ayaan sameyneynaa, laakiin waxa aan hadda dooneyno waa inaad sameyso waxyaabaha aad sameyn karto sharci-dejiye ahaan, (gaar ahaan X, Y, Z, oo ay ku jiraan adeegsiga saameyntaada Guddoomiyaha Guddiga, ma la hadli doontaa isaga Ku biirista xisbigaaga, iwm.) oo annagu, muwaadiniin ahaan, aan la oggolayn in aan samayno (ka codee guddiga iyo sagxada, soo bandhigidda ama kasbashada sharciga, ka qayb gal shirarka golaha sharci dejinta).
Waxaan dhawaan arkay tusaalooyin cajiib ah oo ku saabsan shaqooyinkan barafka lagu tilmaamay, markii David Beckmann ee Bread for the World lagu soo bandhigay bandhigga Bill Moyers, (Abriil 11, 2008, http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/04112008/transcript4.html ). Qodobka koowaad, Beckmann wuxuu yidhi: "Sanadka oo dhan, shan iyo tobankii bilood ee la soo dhaafay, waxaan la hadlay tiro sharci-dejiyaal ah oo ah kuwa naga soo horjeeda. Mid kaliya oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waligiis yiri - waligiis isku dayay inuu iga dhaadhiciyo inaan qaldanahay. " Maya, David, waxay iska dhigaan inay ogol yihiin. Moyers ma aysan soo bandhigin wax sax ah.
Marka labaad, Beckmann wuxuu yiri: "Koox kaniisado ah iyo kooxo deegaan ayaa u baxay inay arkaan Senator Reid, HOGAANKA Aqlabiyadda ee senate-ka, arrintan ku saabsan. Wuu soo galay oo waxa ugu horrayn yidhi, bal eeg, 35 sannadood baan halkan joogay. Waxa uu yidhi, 'Waxaan u malaynayaa in labada dano ee ugu abaabulan ee Maraykanku ay yihiin shirkadaha caymiska iyo kooxaha badeecadaha,' Wuxuu sheegay in ay leeyihiin saaxiibo aad u awood badan oo labada dhinacba ah. Aad ayey noogu adag tahay in aan wax ka qabano arrintanโ Halkan waxa ay ahayd mid ka mid ah go'aan-qaadayaasha ugu awoodda badan ee Congress-ka oo ku andacoonaya inuusan lahayn wax awood ah, Beckmann wuu aqbalay, sidaas oo kale Moyers. Maxaad u waydiisanaysaa Hogaamiyaha Aqlabiyada Senate-ka Reid inuu wax sameeyo, marka uu si awood leh ugu adkaysto hore inuusan kari karin? J. Sababtoo ah wuu awoodaa, ujeedkuna waa inuu tan ka dhigo xudunta gorgortanka, waxa uu qaban karo tallaabada xigta. Sida cad Beckmann (iyo Moyers, iyo daawadayaasha,) waa la khiyaaneeyey.
Haddaba maxaad samaynaysaa ka dib markay maya yidhaahdaan? Waxaan ku talinayaa agabyada soo socda: cutubka "Beddelka Baahida," ee la tacaalida iskahorimaadka caalamiga ah (Fisher et al); Buugga Getting Past Maya, (William Ury); Qaybaha "Ka waran haddii ..." "ay isticmaalaan khiyaamo wasakh ah," "ay leeyihiin awood dheeraad ah," iwm marka ay Haa ku helayaan (Fisher, Ury); cutub ku saabsan beddelka su'aasha aad waydiiso khilaafka caalamiga ah ee bilawga ah (Fisher).
7. Miyaynu la soconaa oo ma diiwaangelinaynaa jawaabahooda oo aan u isticmaalnaa qalab waxbarasho? (Miyaan u qornay heeso si aan uga sheekayno sheekadooda iska caabintooda iyo inaan โdiyaar u nahay tallaabada xigta.โ) Sidaan kor ku sameeyay #6, tusaale ahaan.
8. Ma kulamadeena ayaanu iyaga la samaynaa? Kulamada aan maamulno aad bay uga waxtar badan yihiin shirarka ay wadaan! Halkan waxaan dhigayaa "shimbiraha eeyga" (oo ka soo muuqanaya shirarkooda, sida Xisbiga Shaaha), tusaale ahaan, meel hoose. Tani maaha in la yiraahdo ma noqon karto mid waxtar leh. Todoba kooxood oo ka wada shaqaynaya dadaal isku dubaridan oo ay ku doonayaan in ay birddog ku sameeyaan xildhibaan Iowa ayaa ii sheegay dhawaan guul. Dabcan, shinbiraha shimbiruhu 50 jeer ayuu ka waxtar badan yahay kor u qaadista calaamadaha geesaha waddooyinka.
Waxaan marar badan maqlay dad sheegaya in lagu bahdilay shir uu maamulo sharci-dejiyaha, si kastaba ha ahaatee. Halkan mar kale, waa xirfadlayaal. Tani, sida hababka kale ee xun, waxay ku kordhinaysaa dareenka awood-la'aanta kooxaheena, waxayna dhimaysaa ka qaybgalka.
Waa kan tusaale Kulan uu qabtay Congressman Jim Nussle, beeralaydu waxay ku xujeeyeen inuu taageersan yahay hubinta hilibka doofaarka, (taas oo beeralayda ay u codeeyeen, 60.2% ilaa 39.8% Iowa, ka dib markii ay soo ururiyeen, sida aan xasuusto, oo ku saabsan saxeexyada 15,000). Nussle waxay qaadatay su'aal ku saabsan hubinta laakiin way ka leexatay, kama jawaabin. Ka dib markii uu sidaas oo kale sameeyay su'aal labaad, waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in uu ku filan yahay inuu ka hadlo oo uusan wax su'aalo ah ka qaadi doonin. Qolka waxaa ka buuxay Jamhuuriya, taageero xooggan oo Nussle ah, wayna ku taageereen arrinkaas (wuu u sheegay shirka, balse ilaa galabtaas warbaahinta kamuu soo bandhigin). In kasta oo koox khibrad fiican leh ay ahayd shimbir-dhoofinta, (sida xeelad dheeri ah, oo kiiskan uu mar saddexaad waydiiyay su'aasha, ku adkaystay jawaab, diiday inuu fadhiisto, oo markii dambe ku guulaystay inuu ka noqdo Nussle), waxay muujinaysaa niyad-jabka shimbiraha. . Waxaan ogaaday in inta badan dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa nabadda, tusaale ahaan, oo ay ku jiraan hoggaamiyeyaasha, ay yar tahay ama waligood ka qaybgelin shirarka noocaan ah ee aan soo jeedinayo, iyo sida uu ku tilmaamay, tusaale ahaan, Shel Trapp, buugyarahiisa, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Abaabulka (http://www.tenant.net/Organize/orgdyn.html ) iyo Aasaaska Abaabulka (http://www.tenant.net/Organize/orgbas.html ).
9. Ma waxaan siinaa xubnaheenna fursad ay ku "joogaan" inta lagu jiro wada xaajoodyada? Ma waxa aanu ka dhigaynaa in haddii aad wax ugu deeqdo ururkayaga oo aad xubin ka noqoto, aanu miiska ku soo fadhiisan doono? Waxa aan bilaabay in aan gaadho meeshan #8. Kooxaha qaar ayaa bixiya ka-qaybgalayaashooda iyo deeq-bixiyayaashooda wax aad uga yar tan, waxayna dhib ku qabaan lacag ururinta iyo inay dadka ku dhiirigeliyaan. Dadku waxay helaan warside ama tiro badan oo iimayl ah waxaana la waydiiyaa inay sameeyaan ficillo gaar ah, (kuwaas oo inta badan ka dhiga inay dareemaan awood la'aan,) sida wicitaanada telefoonada, iimaylka, qorista waraaqaha.
10. Ma isticmaalnaa habab la xaqiijiyay, kuwaas oo ku guuleysan kara tallaabooyinka guusha? Aragtidayda, koox tiro yar oo tiro yar ayaa caddeeyey in ay ku guulaysan karaan guulo muhiim ah, ma aha guud ahaan, laakiin ka dhanka ah awoodda shirkadda. Tani waa ujeedada liiska hubinta. Si loo muujiyo qaar ka mid ah sida kooxuhu u guuleysteen. Iska ilaali, shaqadaada iyo lacagtaada, kooxaha aan garanayn sida loo guuleysto. Ma jiraan o afar lacag ah oo ku filan iyo shaqo go'an oo lagu wareego. Taageerada saddex laab ama afar jibbaaran ee kuwa ku guulaysta beddelka, oo yareeya taageerada kooxaha aan waxtarka lahayn. Bilow kooxdaada haddii loo baahdo.
AKHRISO DHEERAAD AH
ZNetwork waxa lagu maalgeliyaa oo keliya deeqsinimada akhristeyaasheeda.
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