Sezvo vazhinji vedu muAmerica tichiumburuka mumwaka wekudzvinyirirwa kwegastronomical, hechino chikafu chekufunga: Mukupera kwema1960s, nekuda kwaCesar Chavez neUnited Farm Workers (UFW), kusarudza kutenga kana kusatenga mazambiringa yaive yezvematongerwo enyika. act.
Makore matatu mushure mekugadzwa kwayo muna 1962, UFW yakarwisa varimi vemazambiringa kuDelano, Californiaโฆkurwirana kwenguva refu, kunorwadza, uye kushungurudza kwaiita sekusingagoneke kugadzirisa kusvikira Chavez asimudzira pfungwa yekuramba nyika. Vachivimba mukukwanisa kwemunhu wepakati kuti abatanidze neavo vanoshaya, Chavez neUFW vakaunza dambudziko ravo-uye chidzidzo chekururamisira munharaunda-mudzimba kubva kumahombekombe kusvika kumahombekombe uye vanhu vekuAmerica vakapindura.
"Pakasvika 1970, kuramwa mazambiringa kwakabudirira zvisina kukodzera," anonyora kudaro Marc Grossman weStone Soup. "Nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwekuramwa, varimi vemazambiringa vakasaina zvibvumirano zvemubatanidzwa, vachipa vashandi ruremekedzo rwemunhu uye muhoro unovararamisa."
Chavez angangodaro anonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuramba mazambiringa, asi zvinoenderana nemweya wake wakaungana, aigara ari wekutanga kubvuma kuti yanga isiri pfungwa yake. Kutaura zvazviri, pakutanga akanga achipesana nekurambana kusvikira vashandi vake vatsanangura kuti nzira yakanakisisa yakanga isiri yekudzivisa mazita ega, asi mazambiringa ose. Nenzira iyi, mazambiringa akazova zita racho pacharo.
Kuburikidza nenzara, kupfigirwa mutorongo, hurombo hwakaipisisa iye nemhuri yake huru, vatongi vane rusaruraganda uye vane huori, kuoneswa nemishonga ine ngozi, uye kunyange kuronga kuuraya, Chavez akaramba akatendeka kuchikonzero uye kunzira dzisiri dzechisimba dzaaida. Kunyangwe kana vatyisidzirwa nekukuvadzwa mumuviri, Chavez akanyanya kuenda nevamwe vake ndiko kudzivirira.
Pane imwe nguva muna 1966, apo maTeamster goons akatanga kukanganisa vavhoti vaChavez, kubatana kwevashandi kwakagadzirisa dambudziko pasina mhirizhonga. William Kircher, AFL-CIO director wesangano, akadana Paul Hall, purezidhendi weInternational Seafarers Union.
โMumaawa mashoma,โ anonyora kudaro David Goodwin mubhuku rinonzi Cesar Chavez: Hope for the People, โHall yakatumira motokari yevafambisi vezvikepe vakurusa vakanga vambopinda mugungwa kuti vafambe nevaya vakanga varova mitsetse yepikichaโฆ โ
"Kurwira kuenzana kunofanirwa kurwirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda-mumadhorobha, mumashopu edikita emafekitori neminda," akadaro Martin Luther King, Jr. muteregiramu kuna Chavez mushure mekukunda kweUFW musarudzo. "Matambudziko edu akaparadzana ndeye-kurwira rusununguko, kuremekedzwa uye nevanhu."
Midzi yekubudirira kwaChavez yaive mukukwanisa kwake kubatana padanho remunhu. Pavakabvunzwa, kuti: โChii chinoita kuti muve nechidakadaka chose noruremekedzo rwamunoratidzirwa pachena navashandi vomumapurazi vakawanda kudaro?โ Cesar akapindura kuti: โManzwiro acho ndeekuwirirana.โ
โHaana kumbova nemba,โ anodaro Grossman. โHaana kumbotambira mari inodarika $6,000 40,000 pagore. Paakafaโฆhaana kusiira mhuri yake mari. Asi vanhu vanopfuura 40 XNUMX vakafora seri kwebhokisi repaini pamariro ake, vachikudza makore anopfuura XNUMX aakapedza achitamburira kuvandudza upenyu hwevashandi vomumapurazi.โ
Imwezve hondo ine chekuita nechikafu yerusununguko, rukudzo, uye vanhu ichangobva kucherechedza makore makumi maviri nemashanu kubva payakatangwa: Chikafu Kwete Mabhomba (FNB).
Yakagadzirwa muCambridge, Massachusetts muna 1980, FNB yaive pfungwa yaKeith McHenry nevamwe vanomwe vanoita zvekuratidzira. "Takabuda muClamshell Alliance," anodaro McHenry, "[yakanga] ichiedza kuvhara Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant. Yaive muunganidzwa wevazhinji vanarchist asi zvakare yaisanganisira maQuaker uye maRed Clams, vaive masocialist. "
FNB ine basa rekutanga mazana ezvitsauko zvekuzvitonga muAmerica, Europe, Asia neAustraliaโฆ uko chikafu chaizoraswa chinodzoserwa kunze choshandurwa kuita chikafu chinopisa chemuriwo chinopihwa vasina pekugara uye pakuratidzira nezvimwe zviitiko. Zvine midzi muzvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana zvemagariro, hazvishamise kuti McHenry anotsanangura chirongwa cheFNB seโbapiro rekudya reboka rinosanganisira mimhanzi inopikisa hutongi, hunyanzvi, redhiyo isina rezinesi, zines, squatting, kuchinjanisa tsono, bhasikoro uye hemp sununguko. , zvitoro zvemashoko, network network, kuronga kuzvitonga kusiri kwevakuru vakuru, kuita zvisarudzo zvakabvumiranwa, uye kugovana uzivi hwekushivirira, mufaro, uye kutaura kwakasununguka.
Nekubatanidza dambudziko renyika rekushaya pekugara nenyaya hombe yehondo yatekeshera, chinangwa chaMcHenry ndechekugadzirisa "hurongwa hwehurumende husina hunhu hwemunhu nepasirese" senzira yekutanga gakava renyika.
"Vazvipiri veFNB vanotenda kuti hakuna kunonoka kubatsira kuvaka imwe nzira yemakaro emakambani ekunze," anodaro McHenry. "Vanhu, nezviito zvavo, vanogona kuchinja hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika."
Yakatorwa kubva mu "50 American Revolutions Iwe Haufanirwe Kuziva: Kudzoreredza American Patriotism" (Disinformation Books). Mickey Z. inogona kuwanikwa paWebhu pa http://www.mickeyz.net.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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