Motokari dzine zvombo dzinotenderera mumigwagwa, varume vakapfeka masiki matema nezvombo zvemadhiramu marefu vachipfura vanhuwo zvavo pamberi pedzimba, dzimba dzetii nemamosque, vana vakamira seri kwemafafitera akapwanyika ezvivako zvine mabara, uye ruzha rwokubhomba kusingadzoreki.

Izvi ndizvo zvinoita hupenyu hwezuva nezuva pasi penguva yekuvharirwa muchiuto kutaridzika kune vanhu veSilvan, Cizre neNusaybin, maguta ekuKurdish kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweTurkey.

Nepo vanhu vekuKurd vachinzwa kudhonzerwa muhondo yevagari vemo, Mutungamiriri weTurkey Ahmet Davutoglu akataura kuti nguva dzekuvharirwa kumba yaisava nyaya yemapurisa, asi yakatemerwa "kurongeka kwevanhu." Achitaura nezvekuratidzira kwakarongwa nePeople' Democratic Party (HDP) mukubatana nekupokana kwevanhu muSilvan nedzimwe nzvimbo, Davutoglu akati hapana chikonzero chekuita "show" kubva pazviri, uye kuti mabasa achaenderera mberi kusvika. kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenyika “kwakacheneswa chose chose pamagandanga.”

Kana nyika dzichitaura nezve kurongeka kweveruzhinji uye kugadzikana, kunyanya kuumbwa neanopesana nehugandanga, izvi zvinowanzoreva kuti mamwe marongero anopokana nedemocracy ari kuyedza kuve pamutemo. Turkey yave ichinyatsozivikanwa nekuda kwayo yakashata chengetedzo paranoia iyo inogara ichiratidzwa kuburikidza neyakaomarara nyika uye kudzvanyirira kwechisimba kumaKurds. Saka, mhirizhonga yeTurkey-Kurdish yakagara ichitsanangurwa chete kuburikidza nenhoroondo yemadzinza pakati peTurks neKurds. Mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika emakakatanwa anowanzo dzvinyirirwa kana kusatariswa.

Mamiriro ezvinhu munyika akawedzera mushure meJune 7. Zvichitevera kubudirira kwemasarudzo eHDP, Mutungamiri Erdogan neAKP yake vakakundikana kusvika kune ruzhinji rwakakwana rwaidiwa kuitira kuti vashandure bumbiro remitemo uye vachishandura hurongwa hweparamende huripo kuva mutungamiri wenyika. Sarudzo dzekutanga dzakarongwa munaNovember 1.

Pamberi pesarudzo, nyika yeTurkey yakawedzera kudzvinyirirwa kwevatsigiri veHDP, uye yakarwisa nzvimbo dzePKK muQandil neF16 mauto jets, kuuraya vanhu vakawanda mumusha weZergele. Zvakare vanhu vese vakanzi semagandanga, uye mhirizhonga yenyika uye kudzvanyirira zvakaendeswa mumaguta emumaguta kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenyika nemameya akasarudzwa achizviwana ari mumakwikwi ezvematongerwo enyika. Semuenzaniso, Meya weCizre Leyla Imret, uye nhengo yeHDP, vakamiswa basa neInterior Ministry sechikamu chekutambudzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika. Aipomerwa mhosva yekudenha vechidiki/ “paraganda yemagandanga,” nguva dzekuti vapfure-kuuraya dzakaiswa, uye mitumbi yakatambudzwa ichiratidzwa pachena.

Pamusoro peizvi, matunhu emaguta emaguta eKurdish akazivisa kuzvitonga mumwe mushure meimwe muna Nyamavhuvhu 2015. Kukundikana kwemasangano ehurumende mukati memaguta akabatanidzwa nekuedza kwehurumende kuuraya vanhu vakawanda kwaiva zvikonzero zvakaiswa mberi nevanhu. Nguva zhinji zvisati zvaitika, mapoka akawanda emagandanga akanga azviti anozvitonga pamatunhu mamwe chetewo. Zvisinei, panguva ino, yakanga iri sangano remaguta uye kuunganidza kwevanhu vari kutsvaga kuvaka nzira dzekuzvidzivirira kubva pamitemo yekuzvitonga.

Mhirizhonga yehurumende yakawedzera kuwedzera kwekupikisa mumaguta. Izvi zvinonyatsoonekwa muhuwandu hwematangi ehondo, motokari dzehondo dzevacheche uye kurwiswa kwemhepo, pamwe chete nemifananidzo yehutsinye yezvitunha zvakasungirirwa kumashure kwemotokari dzine zvombo uye zvichizvuzvurudzwa mumigwagwa, kana vakadzi vane pamuviri nevarume vakuru vakapfurwa vakafa mukati. pamberi pedzimba dzavo. Nguva dzekudzoka mumaguta eKurdish zvechokwadi dzinogara dzichiuya nehuwandu hwekufa.

Turkey inogona kunge iri nyika inotevera kuzviwana iri muhondo yevagari vemo.

Izvi hazviiti nekuti maKurds anodzivirira zvido zverudzi mukufarira kupatsanurwa - sezvakaita chiziviso chenhema chinoparidzwa nenyika yeTurkey. Asi nekuti Turkey yakatarisana nekunetsana kwezvematongerwo enyika nekuda kwekunetsana kwekuyedza kuviri kwekuchinja kwehutongi.

Kupokana kweTurkey-Kurdish kwapfuura chimiro chayo chedzinza. Yakave kupokana kwezviratidzo zviviri zvakasiyana zveramangwana reTurkey nedunhu: Hutungamiri hwehutongi hwakaiswa pamberi nehurumende yeAKP kune rimwe divi, uye "kuzvitonga kwedemocracy" inodzivirirwa neKurdish kufamba padivi-ne-parutivi nevasiri. -Kurdish inofambira mberi masimba pane imwe.

Hurumende inotonga yeAKP yakaburitsa chisungo chehurongwa hwemutungamiri wenyika muna Mbudzi 2012. Sekutaura kwairi, mutungamiri wenyika anofanirwa kuve nesimba rekugadza nekudzinga magavhuna nemakurukota, pamwe nehafu yevatongi vebumbiro remitemo, kuti vaparadze Paramende pasina chero chinhu chakakosha. kunze kwechido chemutungamiri wenyika uye kuita zvisungo pasina mvumo yeParamende. Iyo yeTurkey vhezheni yemutungamiri wemutungamiri wenyika saka yaizoreva kufananidzwa kwesimba rezvematongerwo enyika, nokudaro kuwanda kwesimba kunoratidzwa muhutongi hwehutongi hwakavakirwa pamunhu mumwechete.

Munyika yatove nechepakati, inogara ichikwira kudiwa kwekuendesa matunhu uye kuzvisarudzira, rudzi urwu rwesarudzo putsch zvechokwadi rine hunhu hwekusagadzikana. Ipo hurumende muAnkara ichiisa simba rayo rese munzira yekunyatso shandura hurongwa uhu kuita hutongi hwemunhu mumwe chete, HDP, pamwe nesangano reKurdish nevabatsiri vayo, vanoramba vachikurudzira imwe yehurumende, yedemocracy uye yerusununguko zvichienderana nemisimboti. ye democratic autonomous modhi yakamisikidzwa naAbdullah Öcalan, mutungamiri uye baba vane pfungwa dzePKK, anga akavharirwa ari ega kubva muna Kubvumbi 2015.

Pfungwa yekuzvitonga kwedemocracy ndeyekunzvenga chiremera chenyika nekugadzira zvimiro zvepasi zvakabva parusununguko rwevanhu uye kusunungurwa kwevakadzi kuchiiswa mukuita nevanodzika-kumusoro, masangano ekutonga anotora chikamu. Iyi pfungwa inotarisira kudzivirira chero rudzi rwezvematongerwo enyika mukuumba rudzi rwemarudzi akawanda, zvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana, zvemarudzi akawanda, pasina kuzvidza zvachose hurumende yakadaro. Kunyange zvazvo kunzwisisa kutsva uku kwekutonga kwave kwakabudirira kusimbiswa muRojava pakati pehondo yeSyria, kuramba kwedemokrasi muTurkey kurwisana nehutsinye hweTurkey huri kuramba huchiwedzera kuve humwe nekupikisa muRojava neShengal.

Imwe yezviziviso zvekutanga zvekuzvitonga yakaitwa muguta reKurdish reSirnak muna Nyamavhuvhu 11 zvichitevera kupondwa kwevanhu vatatu nechikwata chehunyanzvi mudunhu reSilopi. Chiziviso chacho chaiti, “Hapana gavhuna akagadzwa achatitonga nenzira iyi ...

Nenzira yekufananidzira, chirevo chinoratidza kupesana pakati pechiratidzo cheAKP chemutungamiri wehurumende uye chido chevaKurd vakawanda. Iko kukakavara ndeyezvematongerwo enyika nekuti inosarudza chimiro chevaKurdish chete asi ramangwana redemokrasi muTurkey nenzvimbo yakafara.

Kupokana kwazvino mumaguta eKurdish hakusi nekuda kwekubatana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwechinguvana, asi kuunganidza kwekurwira chinzvimbo chezvematongerwo enyika pahwaro hwekuenzana kwedemokrasi - kurwira kwezana ramakore.

Rosa Burç, makumi maviri nemashanu, mumiriri wePhD uye mubatsiri wekutsvagisa kuDhipatimendi reComparative Government, University of Bonn. Tsvagiridzo yake iri paNyika-Nyika uye Dzidziso dze (Post-) Nationalism.

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