Vadzidzi vari kukwenya skeleton mumawadhiropu eiyo yakanzi Yale, Harvard, Princeton, uye University of Missouri. Vanotonga misoro yenhau inopikisa rusaruraganda rweHalloween uye tsika dzeKKK dziri kubuda pamisasa yeIvy League: Vadzidzi veHarvard vachibata-bata kumeso pamifananidzo yemapurofesa emuAfrica; Vadzidzi veYale vakahwanda kuseri kwekutaura kwemahara kuti vape zvipfeko zveHalloween zverusarura. Vadzidzi vePrinceton vanopikisa zvivakwa zvakapihwa zita rekusarura kwakasimba Woodrow Wilson, mutungamiri wechimakumi maviri nemasere.

Vadzidzi vashoma mhiri kweUS vari kuwana izwi ravo, vachiita zvinodiwa zve "nzvimbo dzakachengeteka" uye rusununguko kubva pakunhuwa kwerusaruraganda. Wadii waita kaviri-pasi-pasi-pasi-pasi-pasi-pasi-pasi-pasi-pasi-pasi-pasi-pa-kutarisisa kwenhau uye usvike pamudzi wokusaruramisira kune veAfrica-America. Wadii kutanga nhaurirano pamusoro penyaya yeprickly yekutsiva mhosva dzinosemesa dzeuranda hwechattel, Middle-Passage genocide, uye European colonial kuba.

Muna 1968 vadzidzi veColumbia vakabatana nevagari veko uye vakaratidzira hukama hwechikoro kumuchina weViet Nam War uye kuvakwa kweimba yekurovedza muviri muMorningside Park izvo zvakagumbura nharaunda yeAfrica America. Vakatora zvivakwa zvekambasi uye nhaurirano padzakatadza, kuramwa mabasa kwekambasi kwakakonzera kuti vamwe mazana manomwe vasungwe.

Muna 1985 vadzidzi veCornell University nevadzidzisi vakavaka shantytown pakambasi uye vaigara mairi kuti vatevedzere nhamo dzevatema zvitangwena muSouth Africa uye kuita kuti yunivhesiti ibve kuSouth Africa. Vadzidzi vekumakoreji munyika yose vakaumba masangano anopikisa rusaruraganda uye makampasi makumi manomwe akaratidzira mukubatana pazuva reNational Divestment Protest Day, National Anti-Apartheid Day, uye Southern Africa Political Prisoner Day kugumisa hutongi hwerusarura hwaBotha.

Zvizvarwa zvakapfuura pakanga pasina nzvimbo dzakachengetedzeka pamakoreji epakoreji kune chero ani sekuratidzwa kwezviitiko zveKent neJackson State. Muna 1970 mumhinduro kukuratidzira kwavadzidzi paJackson State muJackson, Mississippi, varindi venyika vakapfura muboka ndokuuraya vadzidzi vaviri vomuAfrica vokuAmerica ndokukuvadza 12. Mazuva gumi nerimwe gare gare paKent State, mitezo yeOhio National Guard yakaparadza kuratidzira kwavadzidzi vachiratidzira. Kupinda kwaPresident Nixon muCambodia nekupfura muboka revanhu nekuuraya vadzidzi vana vechichena, vakakuvadza vamwe vapfumbamwe.

Nhasi kunoratidzika kuva kune kupengereka pamusoro pezviito zvakashata zvorusarura zvevachena zvinofungidzirwa. Isu tinoda chaizvo kuita zvematongerwo enyika manzwiro ekurwadzisa uye kutamba kadhi rekushungurudzwa? Vadzidzi vakagumburwa neJim Crow chikoro mifananidzo vanogona kupotsa iyo pfungwa yakaitwa naCraig Steven Wilder mubhuku rake Ebony naIvy. Ihove hombe yekukacha inyaya yekuti kutengeswa kwevaranda kwaitova hwaro mukuvandudzwa kweIvy League masangano. Vari kuyedza kusvira mackerel kana muparadzi ari whale?

Muripo wemhosva yeuranda idomino rine njodzi iro vamwe vachena vanotya kubata. Zvakafanana nenyaya yekumukira kweHaiti apo aimbova muranda Toussant Louverture akaburitsa Napoleon uye akakunda masimba eFrance, Spanish neBritish. Varidzi vevaranda muNyika Itsva vaitya denda reToussants paivhu ravo uye maAfrica-asina kurambidzwa naMwari anopinda Imba huru. Kugadzirisa mhosva dzisingatauriki kune vakapona veAfrica America ye "3/5 yemunhu" system idomino yakafanana inoita kuti vachena vatye.

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya yacho ichinetsa, muripo wakabhadharwa kuvanhu vatema. Zvisinei, zvinganzi zviri nani kunzi chiokomuhomwe.

Muna 2013 Post-Eric Garner, post-Michael Brown, post-Freddie Grey, post-Sandra Bland, post-Tamir Rice Chicago Mayor Rom Emmanuel akaisa parutivi 5.5 miriyoni emadhora kuripa mhuri dzeavo vakawirwa nemapurisa vanoita sekunge vane. rezinesi rekuuraya. Muna 2015 pamberi pemupurisa weChicago, Jason Van Dyke, uyo akaisa mabara gumi nematanhatu muLaquan MacDonald, guta reChicago rakabhadhara mhuri yeMacDonald mamiriyoni mashanu emadhora miriyoni miripo/chiokomuhomwe pakuponda kwemwanakomana wavo.

Aka kaive kechipiri munhoroondo kuti muripo waibhadharwa kuvanhu Vatema. Kekutanga maive muna 1994 apo dare reseneti reFlorida rakapa vakapona muRosewood Massacre muna 1923 US$2.1 miriyoni. MuRosewood maAmerican maAmerican akatyisidzirwa netaundi rese revanhu vachena (pasina hoods), vatanhatu vakapondwa uye machechi edhorobha, dzimba nezvitoro zvakapiswa.

Asi zvisinei nemumiriri weAmerica, VaJohn Conyers, vakakurudzira bhiri reHR-40 kuti rigadzire Komisheni yeKudzidza Reparation Proposals yeAfrican Americans Act, zvisinei nemabhuku akanyatsoongororwa uye akadzama nevanyori vevatema sekuti Inofanirwa Kubhadhara naRaymond Winbush zvisinei nemaawa anotyisa ekukakavadzana kwenjere, kudiwa kwekutsiva kwave kusiri hondo huru pamakoreji. Nekudaro, pakave nekukakavadzana kudiki munaKurume we2001 paBrown University.

Munyori weConservative David Horowitz akanyora nyaya ine musoro unoti “Zvikonzero Gumi Nei Kutsiva Kweuranda Ipfungwa Yakashata Uye Inosarura Zvakare” iyo yakarambwa nemapepanhau echikoro 34 asi yakagamuchirwa neBrown Daily Herald. Chinyorwa chacho hachina kungotaura kuti kudzoreredzwa kwevanhu Vatema kwaive kwakashata, asi kuti veAfrica vekuAmerica vane chikwereti kuUnited States. Vadzidzi vashoma vakapindura nekuba mapepanhau emahara kubva mumapepanhau uye vachida kuti vapihwe nzvimbo yemahara yenyaya inorambwa. Horowitz yakabhadhara US$725 yechishambadzo icho varatidziri vakati vatungamiriri vanofanira kupa kuhomwe yevashoma. Bepanhau rakaramba zvese zvaidiwa nechikonzero chekusununguka kutaura asi vadzidzi vakaramba kuti chinyorwa ichi chaingova "propaganda nenhema".

The Brown ACLU uye Mutungamiri wenguva Sheila Blumstein vakamira paFirst Amendment uye vakadzivirira bepa, asi muna 2003 Mutungamiri Ruth Simmons, mutungamiri wekutanga weAfrica American Ivy League, akagadza Komiti yeBrown University Steering Committee yeUranda uye Kururamisira. Kukurudzira kwekomiti kwaisava mutungamiri weAfrica America, asi chokwadi chekuti paive nematare edzimhosva panguva iyoyo achityisidzira mabhanga, makambani uye masangano ezvidzidzo, kusanganisira Brown, aive nehukama neuranda. Muna Kurume 2004 tsamba yakaenda kunharaunda yeBrown kubva kuKomiti yaiti:

Panguva yekuvambwa kwaBrown, Rhode Island ndiyo yaive epicenter yeNorth America kutengeswa kwevaranda, kutengeserana uko vamwe vevabatsiri vekutanga veyunivhesiti vaibatanidzwa zvakananga. Sezvakataurwa neMutungamiri Simmons mutsamba yavo vachichaira komiti iyi, nhoroondo iyi inotipa “chisungo chakakosha nemukana wakakosha” wekuita nyaya yemuridziso mumativi ayo ose akaomarara, enhoroondo, ezvematongerwo enyika, emutemo neane hunhu.

Muna 2006 Komiti yakapa mushumo wekupedzisira, chigadzirwa chemakore matatu ekutsvagisa uye kuisa munharaunda. Chirevo ichi chakaputika hutapwa tropes uye chakawedzera kutsvagiro inomanikidza nezvekubatana kwaBrown kuuranda muAmerica. Nekudaro, muna 2012 iyo Brown Daily Herald yakamhanyisa nyaya nezve "mushumo wakakanganwa". Sezviri pachena mushumo wakawira mudustbin yenhoroondo uye "matanho anotevera" sekuvaka chiyeuchidzo pamusasa, haana kumbotorwa. Mutungamiri Simmons vakataura izvi,  “Basa rekomiti harisi rekuti tobhadhara muripo here kana kuti sei. Icho chaisambove chinangwa uye kubhadharwa kwemuripo hauzove mugumisiro. Iri ibasa rakagadzirirwa kubatanidza nharaunda yekambasi mukuwanikwa kwezvinoreva zvekare."

Vadzidzi vashoma vaBrown nguva pfupi yadarika vakaita kufa-in kuti vachinje Zuva reColumbus kuita Zuva reVanhu Vechivanhu. Vave imwe nyuchi mubhoneti yehutungamiri hwekoreji. Makampasi ari kuita ruzha pamusoro pekusava nehanya nevashoma  uye kusaremekedza tsika nemagariro uye ndizvozvo. Inguva inofadza. Vadzidzi vari kutumira masaisai anovhundutsa kutenderera nyika nezviito zvakashinga uye manzwi anogona kunzwika seanopenga. Asi ini handisati ndanzwa chero munhu anoshandisa iro-izwi. Reparations. Sezvakataurwa naBrown Mutungamiri Simmons nezvekubatanidzwa kwaBrown mukutengeswa kwevaranda, tine "chisungo chakakosha uye mukana unokosha". Nguva yakwana…

Auset Marian Lewis's journalism yakaburitswa munhau dzinopfuura makumi mashanu kubva kumahombekombe kuenda kumahombekombe uye kunze kwenyika. Aive mukadzi wekutanga weAfrican American munyori wenyaya yeWilmington News Journal. Nhetembo dzake nengano dzakahwina mibairo uye akakokwa kuti ataure munzvimbo dzeredhiyo neTV kubva kuYale University kuenda kudzimba dzisina pekugara muBaltimore, Maryland.

Lewis akanyora mabhuku maviri: Kugara Kwemakungu uye Kubva Pamiromo Yangu Kunzeve yaMwari:  Nyaya yaJoanne Collins.