Kwayaka: Guardian
Makore makumi matatu mushure mekurwiswa kwakashata Rodney King, Bazi remapurisa reLos Angeles rakatarisana nemhosva pamusoro pekutadza kwaro kumisa hutsinye, kunyorwa kwechivanhu uye kusazvibata kwemapurisa kubva pakamuka mhirizhonga.
Kune vamwe muLos Angeles, zuva reChitatu rekurwiswa kwa1991 chiyeuchidzo chinorwadza chenzira dzemaitiro erusarura uye anouraya ekuchengetedza mutemo ema1990s achiri mupenyu nhasi.
LAPD mumakore achangopfuura yakatarisana nekuongororwa kubva kune nyowani nyowani yevaratidziri vakaronga kupondwa nemapurisa kwevanhu, kusungwa nerusarura uye kumira mumigwagwa, kushungurudzwa uye kuongororwa kwevagari veBlack neLatino, uye mhinduro dzechiuto pakuratidzira. Kupokana shanduko dzakapfuura hadzina kuita zvishoma kudzikamisa hutsinye hwebazi, vari kudaidzira shanduko huru: kubvisa simba, uye mari, kubva kuLAPD.
"LAPD ichiri nehuori uye ine chisimba uye ine hutsinye," akadaro Melina Abdullah, mubatsiri weBlack Lives Matter LA. "Kubva Rodney King, LAPD ichangowedzera kutsvedza. Zvishoma zvachinja, kunze kwekunge vave nani paPR. "
Mafoni ekudzoreredza LAPD akawana simba panguva yekumukira kwegore rapfuura mushure mekupondwa kwaGeorge Floyd naBreonna Taylor - uye varatidziri vari kutangisa mushandirapamwe mutsva wekuvaka pane izvozvi. "Tinogona kufungidzira kuchengetedzwa kweveruzhinji nekusiya mapurisa nekusunungura madhora aya kuti tiise mari muzvinhu zvinounza nharaunda dzakachengeteka," akadaro Abdullah.
'Nyika yose yakatarisa'
Musi wa3 Kurume 1991, pachangopfuura pakati pehusiku, Rodney King ane makore makumi maviri neshanu akadhonzwa, uye mapurisa mana eLAPD chena akamukava nekumurova munzira. Vakuru vakuru vacho vakarova Mambo ka25 netsvimbo yavo paakanga akarara.
โKwakanga kwakaita sokubatwa chibharo, kubvisirwa chinhu chiri chose, kurohwa pedyo norufu ipapo pakongiri,โ King akarangarira mubvunzurudzo neGuardian muna 2012, mwedzi pamberi kufa kwake. โNdaingoziva kuti zvainzwa sei kuva muranda.โ
Pakanga pasina mafoni panguva iyoyo, asi chapupu chakadhirowa kurohwa kubva pamhanza yake ndokupa mufananidzo kune chiteshi chenhau. Yakanga iri imwe yemavhidhiyo ekutanga kutora iyi fomu yekushungurudza yaive yakajairika.
Nenguva isipi, zviteshi zveterevhizheni zvakatenderedza US zvaive zvichiratidza vhidhiyo yekurova uku, akarangarira Jody David Armour, weYunivhesiti yeSouthern. California mudzidzisi wezvemitemo uye nyanzvi yehutsinye hwemapurisa.
Mifananidzo yacho pachayo haina kukurudzira kuratidzira kwevanhu vakawanda. Asi muna Kubvumbi 1992, dare rinenge revachena rakasunungura mapurisa, uye hasha pamusoro perusaruraganda nemhirizhonga yemapurisa muSouth LA yakapisa. mhirizhonga yakasiya vanhu vanopfuura makumi matanhatu yakafa uye yakaparadzwa kana kukanganisa zvivakwa zvinopfuura chiuru.
โVanhu vakamirira kuti hurongwa hwehutongi hwematsotsi huite zvakanaka pavimbiso yayo yekupa hutongo hwakaenzana. Mhirizhonga yakaputika chete apo vimbiso iyoyo yeruramisiro yakaita seisina kuchena nedare revatongi,โ akadaro Armour.
"Zvivakwa zvacho zvaipisa zvakanyanya zvekuti waigona kunzwa kupisa kubva kumativi ese emugwagwa uchiuya mumotokari patakanga tichityaira," anoyeuka kudaro Quintus Moore, ane makore makumi matanhatu nemaviri ekugara muSouth LA akararama nemhirizhonga.
Moore aive nemakore makumi matatu nematatu apo mhirizhonga yakaitika mamaira matatu kubva pamba pake. Kuregererwa kwacho kwaityisa sezvakaita vhidhiyo yacho, akati: โNyika yose yakazviona.โ Haana kushamisika kuti vanhu vakasimuka: โNdiyo nzira chete yavanotinzwa nayo dzimwe nguva.
Armor akati mhirizhonga iyi yakateverwa nekudyara kwemari muSouth LA, asi hapana shanduko ine musoro yeLAPD.
Panzvimbo iyoyo, mukupera kwema90s, iyo LAPD yakabatwa muhuwori hukuru, kushungurudzwa uye kutengesa zvinodhaka, umo mapurisa. vanhuwo zvavo uye mishumo yenhema, zvichiita kuti vanhu vatongerwe zvisiri izvo zvinopfuura zana.
kuti mhosva, inozivikanwa se Rampart scandal, zvakakonzera kutariswa kwemubatanidzwa, uye akati wandei maitiro ekugadzirisa akagamuchirwa mumakore akatevera, anosanganisira kudzidzisa kwakarerekera, kuedza kuderedza, basa rekuparidzira munharaunda, kuongorora, kuunganidzwa kwedata, kudzidziswa nezvemapurisa emunharaunda, uye kuwedzera kusiyana-siyana zvesimba.
Asi makumi maviri emakore gare gare, hazvizivikanwe kana shanduko dzaenda kure zvakakwana - kana kuti dziri kushanda sezvakarongwa. Yazvino data yakaratidza kakawanda kuti LAPD mapurisa mira utsvage Vatema neLatino vagari pa mitengo yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura vagari vachena. Mumakore maviri apfuura, mapurisa akapomerwa mhosva vachireva zvenhema vanhuwo zvavo senhengo dzechikwata mumadatabase, vachidudza ruzivo rwakagadzirwa. Gore rakapera, LA Times akawanikwa kuti bazi remapurisa rairatidza kuti rakaramba richityora mitemo yaro paraishandisa chisimba kune vairatidzira, dzimwe nguva richikonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya. Uye mumwedzi wapfuura, LAPD yakamanikidzwa kaviri kukumbira ruregerero - kutanga mushure mekunge mapurisa anzi atenderera inogumbura meme inoseka George Floyd, zvino mushure mekunge sabhuku abvuma yakapa data risiri chairo kune LA Times izvo zvakanyepa kuti kuderera kukuru kwekumira kwemotokari kune gakava.
"Pave neshanduko pabepa, asi kana ukabvunza nharaunda kana paine chachinja, vanoti hapana chachinja," akadaro Andrรฉs Dae Keun Kwon, gweta neACLU yekuSouthern California. "Izvi zvimwechetezvo zvekare zvisingaenzaniswi kumira, kunanga, kushungurudza, hutsinye uye kuuraya."
"Isu taivimba kuti rudzi urwu rwekusimbiswa kwezviitiko zvedu zvaizoreva kuti pachave nekururamisira uye shanduko ine musoro," Abdullah, weBLM, akadaro nezve King footage. Pane kudaro, โtakaona mapurisa achisimbisa chisimba uye hutsinye zvakapetwa kaviri โฆ achiudza nyika kuti, 'Musadavire maziso enyu ekunyepa.' Zvakatiyeuchidza kuti chokwadi chaisanyanya kukosha kuhurongwa hunoisa zvibodzwa kumusana kwevanhu Vatema. "
'Tsika haisati yachinja'
Marina Vergara, akakurira kuSouth LA kuma1980, akati achiri kutya kushungurudzwa nemapurisa paakadzokera munharaunda nhasi: "Chinhu chega chachinja ndechekuti ndiani akapfeka bheji. Tsika hadzina kuchinja.โ
Nepo LAPD yanga yave nerudzi rwakasiyana, akadaro, akanzwa kuti "havasati vane hanya nehupenyu hwevanhu". Gore rapfuura, mupurisa weLAPD akapfura zvakauraya mukoma wake, Daniel Hernandez, mushure mekunge apinda mumotokari uye akabata bhokisi rekucheka. Komisheni yemapurisa yakazopa mutongo wekuti mupurisa uyu akanga atyora mitemo yake paakanga aita izvi akapfura pfuti mbiri dzekupedzisira Hernandez ari pasi.
Mukuru uyu, Toni McBride, inyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu anogarogara akatumira mavhidhiyo yake pachake achipfura zvombo zvine simba guru pane imwe nzvimbo yepfuti uye ane zvinotengeswa nemameseji akadai sekuti โbata mutsaraโ. Baba vaMcBride mumwe weva vatungamiriri yeLos Angeles Police Protective League, imwe yemasangano anorwisa zvine hukasha shanduko, kupa uye kukwezva vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa, uye anodzivirira mapurisa anouraya nhengo dzeveruzhinji.
Vergara akakurudzira kutsigira a mushandirapamwe mutsva weBLM svondo rapfuura, tichikurudzira kuti masangano ezvemitemo abviswe muLos Angeles County Federation of Labor, boka reamburera, nechinangwa chekuzogumisa masangano. "Tinofanirwa kumisa kupesvedzera kwavanoita kune vezvematongerwo enyika," akadaro. "Mapurisa anonzwa sekunge havabatike."
Chikwata ichi chiri kuronga kuratidzira Chitatu chega chega kunze kwemahofisi eligi.
"Masangano emapurisa anga ari simba rekutanga iro rakagonesa kuputika kwemapurisa ane hutsinye nechisimba," akadaro Abdullah.
Pamusoro pekuparadza mibatanidzwa, mubatanidzwa wemapoka emuno uri kuenderera mberi nekumanikidza kuderedzwa kwakanyanya LAPD bhajeti uye kuti mari iiswezve mumasevhisi nezvirongwa zvinotsigira hutano nekuchengetedzwa kweveruzhinji. Meya akabvuma kudzikiswa kwegore rapfuura, uye vanorwira kodzero kurwa manje kuti azvidavirire pamusoro pezvipikirwa zvake.
"Vazhinji vevaratidziri vari kuda kubvisirwa mapurisa mari nekuti shanduko yakaitika muzvizoro haina kuita shanduko chaiyo yekuti mangani maAngelenos nenharaunda dzakasarirwa dziri kusangana nemapurisa," akadaro Armor. Muzvinafundo wezvemitemo aimbokurudzira kudzidziswa kwerusarura, asi asvika pakuona kuti basa harina kushanda: "Kana iwe uchida kudzikisira kukuvadzwa kunharaunda dzakasarirwa ...
Vatsigiri vanotarisira kuti panogona kunge paine shanduko pasi pe vachangosarudzwa LA gweta redunhu, George Gascรณn, uyo akatsigirwa nemapoka anofambira mberi uye akavimbisa ita kuti mapurisa azvidavirire uye kuvhurazve nyaya dzemhondi nevemutemo.
LAPD nemubatanidzwa havana kupindura mubvunzo. Mutungamiri wemubatanidzwa wemapurisa, Craig Lally, akadana hurongwa hweBLM "hunoseka" mukutaura, vachiti "imwe yehutongi husina gutsaruzhinji, hudzvanyiriri huripo" uye vachiwedzera kuti: "Havana simba rekuparadza mubatanidzwa wedu ... [Tichaita] ramba uchirwira kodzero dzevashandi vekuAmerica. "
Mune rimwe remafambiro ake ekutanga pakuzvidavirira kwemapurisa, Gascรณn ari kuhaya muchuchisi akakosha kuti atarise kuferefetwa kwemhosva dzemapurisa. Uye DA ichangobva kuzivisa kusarudzwa kwake kwechinzvimbo ichi: Lawrence S Middleton, aimbova muchuchisi weUnited States akakunda mutongo wemapurisa akarova Rodney King mudare redzimhosva.
Quintus Moore, mugari weSouth LA akararama kuburikidza nemhirizhonga, akave nechekuita mukumiririra muna 2018, mushure meLAPD. mapurisa akapfura mwanakomana wake akafa, Grechario Mack, anga aine dambudziko rehutano hwepfungwa mukati meSouth LA mall. Komisheni yemapurisa akatonga kuti kupfura kwaityora mutemo, asi mapurisa haana mhosva yaari kupomerwa.
โChinhu chachinja kubva ipapo ndechekuti kune makamera emuviri nenharembozha, uye zvese zvinotorwa nevhidhiyo,โ akadaro Moore. โAsi mapurisa ari kurwira kuti vazvidavirire zvishoma, kuti zvinyanye kuomera mapurisa kudzingwa kana kurangwa. Uye mapurisa anoziva kuti anogona kupondwa nemhondi. "
Sam Levin mutori wenhau weGuardian US, anogara muLos Angeles. Dzvanya pano yekiyi yeruzhinji yaSam. Twitter @SamTLevin
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