Mabhangi erusaruraganda - avo vakawana purofiti kubva mukutambura kwevanhu muSouth Africa - vanogona kuzokosora nekuda kwezvivi zvavo. Ed Fagan, gweta rekuAmerica rakahwina US$5.5-bhiriyoni kune vakawirwa neHondo Yenyika II vakawirwa neNazi Holocaust, vari kuparura nyaya dzematare edzimhosva vachimiririra vakabatwa nerusaruraganda.
Nyaya dzekutanga dziri kupomerwa mabhanga eSwitzerland pamwe neCiticorp yekuAmerica, iyo inonzi yakapa zvikwereti kuhurumende yerusaruraganda panguva iyo mamwe mapoka emabhanga akanga atanga kubuda achitevedza zvirango zveUnited Nations. Mabhangi eGerman neBritish, uye imwe yemakambani makuru emakomputa eUS anozotariswa, sekureva kwemagweta ane chekuita nenyaya idzi.
Fagan, parizvino anomiririra vamhan'ari makumi masere vekuSouth Africa, akambozviita asingafarirwe muSwitzerland paakamhan'arira mabhanga eSwitzerland achimiririra vaNazi, achihwina sutu yekirasi inoita $80-bhiriyoni. Kuzivikanwa kwake muSwitzerland hakugone kukwidziridzwa nemaitiro ekirasi achangoburwa akamiririra vakabatwa nerusaruraganda, izvo zvakanangana nehofori mbiri dzeSwiss Banks, Credit Suisse neUBS.
Citicorp, kuUS, zvakare inoratidzira pakati pemasangano ekutanga emari anonangwa naFagan, sekureva kwevamiriri vekuita kwake muSouth Africa. Chikamu chechipiri chezviito, vanodaro, chichanangana nemabhanga eGerman Banks nemakambani emakombuta ekuAmerica. Fagan anobva aronga kunanga makambani ari muindasitiri yemafuta nemotokari.
Magweta aya anoti mabhizinesi makuru ndiwo aive musimboti wehupfumi hwaitsigira nyika yeSouth Africa mukati memakore ehudzvanyiriri. Vanoti nekudaro bhizinesi rinofanirwa kubhadhara vanhu vanenge vawirwa nenjodzi iyi, nekuti vakatsigira hurongwa hunonzi neUnited Nations imhosva kuvanhu.
Magweta anosimbisa kuti, semugumisiro wekutongwa kweNuremberg mushure meHondo Yenyika II, "makambani akaiswa chiziviso". Vakanyeverwa kuti vaigona kuzozvidavirira “sezvakanga zvakaita masangano ezvemari nemakambani akakuchidzira hutongi hweNazi” nokuda kwezviito zvaitsigira kuparwa kwemhosva kuvanhu.
"Masangano ezvemari nemakambani kana vamiririri vavo, kusanganisira vazhinji vakarangana uye vakaita kuti kutonga kwehugandanga hweNazi kubvire, vaida, kunyange kunetseka, kuita bhizinesi rerudzi rumwe chete nerusaruraganda rweSouth Africa," magweta akadaro.
Imwe ongororo ichangoburwa yeGerman-Swiss yakagumisa kuti zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zvezvikwereti zvenguva refu kuhurumende yeSouth Africa muma90 zvakabva kunyika ina chete: Germany, Switzerland, US neUnited Kingdom. Asi mukati menguva yezvirango zvepasi rose mushure me1980, guta guru reGerman rakava mutsigiri akanyanya kukosha werusaruraganda.
Pakupera kwa1993, maererano neongororo iyi, South Africa yakanga yava nechikwereti kubhizimisi reGermany chemari inosvika US$1,6-bhiriyoni. Chikwereti chikuru ichi chaive chikwereti chehurumende — mari yaive yakwereteswa kuhurumende yerusaruraganda.
Mubatanidzwa wemasangano akazvimirira ega muSouth Africa unoti chikamu chemari iyi chakashandiswa kupa mari pachivande, uye chikwereti ichi “chakarongwa zvine mutsindo” nehutongi hwaibuda kuti huvhiringidze hutongi hwejekerere. Hurumende itsva yedemocracy haina kana kumboramba ichikudza kubhadhara.
Chikwereti chose chehurumende parizvino chasvika paUS$30-bhiriyoni, uye kubhadhara chikwereti kunodya chikamu chikuru chemari yenyika. Izvi zvinoita kuti kubhadhara mubereko pachikwereti kuve chinhu chikuru chebhajeti mushure medzidzo. Zvinonyanya kukoshesa senyika, dzimba, mabasa, hutano nekugara zvakanaka zvinokanganiswa nekuda kweizvi.
Zviripachena kuti hurumende yeSouth Africa neSouth African Reserve Bank havangafare nekukumbira kuti zvikwereti zvibviswe. Izvi zvinongounza matambudziko gare gare, mukuwana zvikwereti zvitsva.
Pamutemo wenyika dzepasi rose, zvisinei, makambani nemasangano ezvemari aibata nehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri aityora zvinokatyamadza zvisungo zveUnited Nations pamusoro pehudzvanyiriri. Vakanga vachibata nehurumende yakanga isina kungonzi haisi yepamutemo, asi nyika ine mhosva.
Kana nyika iine mhosva yekupara mhosva, dzimwe nyika dzese dziri pasi pechisungo chekusaita bhizinesi kana kuenderera mberi nechero chiito chinogona kuwedzera hutsotsi hwenyika iyoyo. Nyika dzakaita seGermany, Switzerland neUnited States dzakasungirwa kuona kuti makambani adzo aisapinda muchibvumirano nenyika ine mhosva.
Panguva imwecheteyo, dzidziso yepasi rose ye "chikwereti chinosemesa" inotaura kuti vanokweretesa vanopa mari yehurumende dzehudzvanyiriri havana vimbiso yekudzivirirwa kubva kumutemo wenyika dzakawanda. Inozivisa kuti kana hurumende ikaita zvikwereti kuti ive pasi pevagari vayo, zvikwereti zvakadaro zvinosemesa kune vagari veko. Nokudaro hurumende itsva, yegutsaruzhinji yeSouth Africa haina chisungo chekukudza zvikwereti zvehutongi hwapfuura.
Nekudaro, hazvigoneke kuti hurumende iripo - nekusimbisa kwayo dhipatimendi repasi rose uye kukwezva kwekudyara kwekunze - ichatevera chero mubvunzo wechikwereti chekunze, kana kudiwa kubva kumarudzi akawanda muripo wezvivi zvekare, kana kuramba chikwereti.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, vatungamiri vakatyora kodzero dzevanhu vakaregererwa neKomisheni yeChokwadi neKuyananisa, vanoregererwa zviito zvehurumende nevakashungurudzwa. Uye hurumende pachayo haina mari yakakwana yekudzoreredza kana kubhadhara zvakaringana 17 000 vakawirwa nenjodzi vakaonekwa neKomisheni yeChokwadi nekuyananisa.
Saka iyi yazvino budiriro mune yenguva refu yekutsiva saga. Inogona kunge iri nzira chete inoshanda yasarira kuti vanenge vawirwa nenjodzi vawane muripo wakareba. Zviito izvi zvinowedzera pfungwa yevapari vemhosva kuburikidza nekuita kuti makambani aibhadhara mari nekuita purofiti yakawanda kubva murusaruraganda aite basa rekuwedzera hudzvanyiriri.
Bato rehurumende rerusaruraganda raitonga hudzvanyiriri, hutongi hwechifasisti hunonzi hwaishandisa makomputa aipihwa kuSouth Africa nekambani inotungamira yekuUS, iyo inozotariswa neFagan kumatare.
Magweta, achizivisa kuparurwa kwemaitiro ekirasi iyi, anoti vakatanga kumhan’ara vanosanganisira baba vevakomana vane makore gumi nemaviri vakafa nemaronda epfuti apo musha wavo wakarwiswa nechikwata cherufu chaitsigirwa nehurumende munguva yerusarura.
Zviito izvi zvinoratidzira zvakanyanya kukanganisa kweSouth Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, iyo isinganyatso kukwenya pamusoro pekukanganisa kwebhizinesi rekunze parusaruraganda rweSouth Africa. Boka rechokwadi rakanga rakabatikana zvakanyanya nekupa kuregererwa kweumhondi nemhirizhonga yairatidza hutongi hwerusaruraganda.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta