(Mufananidzo na Ian Hutchinson)
Zvichitevera nhau kuti CEO weModerna achagamuchira kokero yekupupura pamberi peSeneti yehutano, Dzidzo, Vashandi nePension Committee mwedzi unouya, Sachigaro Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) akapa zvirevo izvi pasi peSeneti yeUS nezve kukura kwe makaro muindasitiri yemishonga uye izvo Congress inogona kuita kuti ipere.
Pane hurukuro yakawanda pamusoro pekuti nyika yedu "yakakamurwa" sei uye, pazvinhu zvakawanda, ichokwadi.
Asi pane imwe yenyaya dzakanyanya kukosha dzakatarisana nenyika yedu vanhu vekuAmerica - maDemocrats, maRepublicans, Independents, Progressives, uye Conservatives - havagone kubatana zvakanyanya.
Uye ndiko kudiwa kwekutora makaro asina kumboitika eindasitiri yemishonga uye kudzikisira zvakanyanya mutengo wepamusoro wemishonga yemishonga.
Nhasi, mamirioni evaAmerica vari kuita sarudzo isingagamuchirike pakati pekudyisa mhuri dzavo kana kutenga mushonga wavanoda. Vakuru kubva kuVermont kuenda kuAlaska vanomanikidzwa kupatsanura mapiritsi avo nepakati uye vazhinji vafa nekuti vanga vasina mari yakakwana yekuzadza mishonga yavo.
Hapana anonyatsoziva kuti vangani vanofa nekuti havakwanise kutenga mishonga yavo yekurapa.
Asi ongororo ya2020 neWest Health yakawana kuti panosvika gore ra2030, vanopfuura zviuru zana vanogamuchira Medicare vanogona kufa nguva isati yakwana gore rega rega nekuti havakwanise kutenga mushonga wavo unoponesa hupenyu.
Munyika yese iyi, vanhu vekuAmerica vari kubvunza mibvunzo inotevera:
Zvinoitika sei kuti vanhu muUnited States vabhadhare, kure, mitengo yepamusoro-soro pasi rose yemishonga yemishonga?
Sei zvichiita kuti munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vana vekuAmerica haakwanise kutenga mishonga yavo yaakanyorerwa nachiremba?
Kunoitika sei kuti inenge hafu yemishonga mitsva yose muUnited States inodhura inopfuura $150,000 XNUMX pagore?
Makore mashoma apfuura, ndakakwira bhazi revanhu vane chirwere cheshuga kubva kuDetroit, Michigan, kuenda kuchitoro chemishonga muWindsor, Ontario. Uye ikoko, muCanada, vakakwanisa kutenga zvigadzirwa zve<em>insulin zvakafanana zvavakatenga muUnited States nechikamu chimwe mugumi chemutengo.
Muna 1999, makore makumi maviri nemana apfuura, ndakatora rimwe bhazi rakazara vanhu - panguva ino vakadzi vane gomarara rezamu - kubva kuSt. Albans, Vermont kuenda kuhofisi yachiremba uye kuchitoro chemishonga muMontreal, Canada. Uye, ikoko zvakare, nemisodzi mumaziso avo, vakakwanisa kutenga tamoxifen nokuda kwechikamu chimwe chete mugumi chemutengo waichajwa muUnited States.
Zvinoita sei kuti muCanada nedzimwe nyika huru mishonga yakafanana inogadzirwa nemakambani mamwe chete, inotengeswa mumabhodhoro mamwe chete inowanikwa nechikamu chemutengo watinobhadhara muUnited States?
Zvakanaka, mhinduro kumibvunzo yese iyi hadzina kuoma. Muchokwadi, anogona kupfupikiswa mumashoko matatu chete: Makaro asingagamuchiriki emakambani.
Mumakore makumi maviri neshanu apfuura, indasitiri yemishonga yakashandisa madhora 25 bhiriyoni mukukurudzira uye pamusoro pemadhora mazana manomwe nemakumi mana nemashanu emamiriyoni pamipiro yemushandirapamwe kuti Congress iite madiro ayo.
Zvinoshamisa, gore rapfuura, makambani ezvinodhaka akahaya vanopfuura chiuru nemazana manomwe evamiriri kusanganisira vaimbove vatungamiriri vemapato makuru ezvematongerwo enyika - pamusoro pevatatu vezvemishonga indasitiri yenhengo yenhengo yese yeCongress.
Zvichakadaro, sekufa kwevanhu vekuAmerica nekuti havakwanise kutenga mishonga yavanoda, indasitiri yemishonga inoita purofiti yakanyanya kupfuura mamwe maindasitiri makuru. Pakati pemakore 2000-2018, makambani ezvinodhaka munyika muno akaita madhora madhora mabhiriyoni masere.
Muchokwadi, muna 2021, makambani gumi emishonga muUnited States - AbbVie, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly, Merck, Moderna, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Amgen, Giriyedhi Sayenzi, uye Regeneron Pharmaceuticals - vakaita huwandu hunodarika. $102 bhiriyoni mupurofiti yakakwira 137 muzana kubva mugore rapfuura.
Asi haisi purofiti yeindasitiri chete. Ndiyo mapakeji emubhadharo akakura ayo indasitiri yemishonga yakapa kune maCEO ayo uye vamwe vatungamiriri mukati meindasitiri.
Sekureva kwemushumo wakaitwa nevashandi veBatsira Komiti yakaburitswa nhasi muna 2021, nepo mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vekuAmerica vafa kubva kuCCIDID, makumi mashanu evashandi vemishonga mumakambani gumi chete vakaita bhiriyoni imwe chete nemazana mapfumbamwe emadhora mubhadharo wakakwana.
Vakuru vakuru ava makumi mashanu vari mugwara rekuwana mari inosvika mabhiriyoni maviri nesere emadhora mumaparachuti egoridhe kana vasiya makambani avo.
Semuenzaniso, CEO weAbbVie, Richard Gonzalez, akaita mari inosvika madhora 62 miriyoni mubhadharo wakakwana - mugore rimwe.
Mukuru weEli Lilly, David Ricks, akaita mari inodarika mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu nenomwe emadhora - mugore rimwe.
Zvinoshamisa kuti, CEO weRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Leonard Schleifer, akaita mari inosvika madhora mazana mana nemakumi mashanu nematatu emuripo wakakwana - mugore rimwe.
Zvichakadaro, isu tichiudzwa kakawanda kuti chikonzero chekuve nemitengo yakakwira zvakanyanya muAmerica imhaka yekudiwa kwekudyara mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira, zvakazoitika kuti, mumakore gumi apfuura, makambani makuru gumi nemana emishonga akashandisa madhora mazana manomwe nemakumi mana nemanomwe emadhora. kwete kutsvaga nekugadzira mishonga inoponesa hupenyu, asi kuita kuti vagovani vavo vakapfuma vapfume nekutenga zvitoro zvavo uye nekupa migove mikuru. Zvinoitika kuti makambani emishonga akashandisa madhora 14 bhiriyoni akawanda pakutenga masheya uye migove pane zvavakashandisa mukutsvaga nekusimudzira. Rega ndidzokorore izvozvo. Makambani ezvinodhaka akashandisa madhora mabhiriyoni 747 emadhora pakutenga masheya uye mubairo kupfuura pakutsvakurudza nebudiriro.
Chokwadi ndechekuti isu tiri kubata pano nhasi kwete chete nenyaya yehupfumi maererano nekudhura kwakanyanya kwemishonga yemishonga. Isu tiri kubata nenyaya yakadzama yetsika uye inoti: Zvinotenderwa here kuti makumi ezviuru zvevanhu vanofa gore rega rega nekuti havakwanise kutenga mushonga wavanopihwa navanachiremba - nepo indasitiri ichiita mabhiriyoni epurofiti uye ichipa maCEO avo mapakeji emuripo anotyisa. ?
Kunogamuchirika mutsika here kuti, panguva apo, vateresi venyika ino vakapedza makumi emabhiriyoni pagore panzvero nokugadzirwa kwemishonga inoponesa upenyu, kuti vazhinji veava vateresi vamene havakwanisi kutenga mishonga yavakabetsera kugadzira?
Zvinotenderwa here kuti bhizinesi remhando yeindasitiri yemishonga nhasi harizi kugadzira mishonga inoponesa yatinoda cancer, Alzheimer's, chirwere chemoyo, chirwere cheshuga, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotyisa, asi kuburikidza nemakaro akawandisa kuti tiite se mari yakawanda sezvavanokwanisa?
Zvave zvisina kudaro nguva dzose. Pane imwe nguva apo vaigadzira mishonga inoponesa upenyu vakanga vasinganyanyi kunetseka nekuita mazakwatira emari, asi vaingofunga nezvokupedza zvirwere zvakaipisisa zvaitambudza vanhu.
Mumakore ekuma1950, somuenzaniso, kwaiva naDr. Jonas Salk, akagadzira mushonga weporiyo. Basa raSalk rakaponesa mamiriyoni oupenyu uye rakadzivisa mamwe mamiriyoni kuti asaoma mitezo.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti dai Dr. Salk vakasarudza kupa patent mushonga weporiyo angadai akaita mabhiriyoni emadhora. Asi haana.
Pavakabvunzwa kuti ndiani muridzi wepatent yejekiseni iri ndizvo zvakataurwa naDr. Salk: โZvakanaka, vanhu, ndingataura. Iko hakuna patent. Unogona here patent zuva."
Zvakanzwisiswa naDr. Salk chaiva chokuti chinangwa chomushonga uyu waakagadzira chakanga chiri chokuponesa upenyu, kwete kuzvipfumisa zvinonyadzisa.
Uye iye, pakati pevasayendisiti vakuru, akanga asiri oga.
Muna 1928, Alexander Fleming, musayendisiti wokuScotland, akawana penicillin pachipatara cheSt. Maryโs muLondon. Kuwana kwaFleming penicillin kwakachinja nyika yezvokurapa ndokuponesa mamiriyoni oupenyu.
Ndine chokwadi chekuti Alexander Fleming angadai akavewo mabhirioni akawanda kana akasarudza kuve muridzi wekodzero dzeiyi anti-biotic.
Asi haana.
Apo Fleming akabvunzwa nezvebasa rake, haana kutaura pamusoro pepfuma yakashata yaangadai akaita kupfurikidza nokuwana kwake. Panzvimbo pezvo, akati: โHandina kugadzira penicillin. Masikirwo akaita izvozvo. Ndakangozviona netsaona.โ
Uye zvakare, pakanga paine sainzi mukuru Frederick Banting wekuCanada.
Muna 1921, Dr. Banting pamwe chete nemamwe masayendisiti maviri paYunivhesiti yeToronto vakagadzira insulini. Nyaya yatiri kunzwa zvakawanda nezvayo nhasi.
Apo Dr. Banting akabvunzwa chikonzero nei aisazopa patent insulini uye nei akatengesa maruramiro einsulini ne$1 chete akapindura, kuti: โInsulin haisi yangu. Ndechenyika.โ
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakaitwa naDr. Banting zvakaponesa vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 300.
Zvakare, musayendisiti mukuru akajekesa kuti chinangwa chake muupenyu chaiva chokuponesa vanhu nokuponesa upenyu, kwete kuzviitira mabhiriyoni.
Zvichakadaro, apo Dr. Banting vakatengesa patent yavo ne$1 kuitira kuti vanhu vabatsirwe kubva mukuwanikwa kwavo, ndinofanira kutaura kuti Eli Lilly, imwe yemakambani makuru emishonga munyika yedu, akawedzera mutengo we insulin ne1,200 muzana mumakore makumi maviri nemanomwe apfuura. $27 - nepo ichingoda madhora masere kugadzira. Kwete chaizvo mweya waFrederick Banting.
Zvino ngatikurumidzei kumberi kune denda reCOVID, nguva ino yakaipa munhoroondo yedu yatakarasikirwa nevanhu vanopfuura miriyoni imwe chete vekuAmerica uye makumi emamiriyoni vakatambura nehurwere hwakasiyana.
Moderna, kambani yezvinodhaka muMassachusetts, yakashanda pamwe chete neNational Institutes of Health kugadzira mushonga wekudzivirira uyo vanhu vedu vakawanda vakashandisa nemazvo. Izvo zvinobvumwa zvakanyanya kuti vese kambani neNIH ndivo vakaita basa rekugadzira mushonga uyu.
Mushure mekunge kambani yawana mabhiriyoni emadhora kubva kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa kutsvaga, kugadzira uye kugovera COVID-vaccine, fungidzira kuti chii chakaitika? Mukuru weModerna, Stรฉphane Bancel, akave bhirionea nehusiku humwe uye ave kukosha madhora mabhiriyoni mashanu nemazana manomwe.
Kupfuurirazve, ivo 2 co-muvambi veModerna (Noubar Afeyan naRobert Langer) vakavewo mabhirioni uye zvino vari vaviri vakakosha madhora mazana maviri emadhora ega ega. Uyezve, mumwe wevakatanga vatengesi muModerna (Tim Springer) akakosha madhora mazana maviri neshanu emadhora.
Hapana kana mumwe wavo aive mabhirioni vasati vateresi vemunyika yedu vapa mari yekudzivirira yeCCIDID-19. Uye ikozvino pamwe chete zvakakosha kudarika $ 11 bhiriyoni.
Zvichakadaro, Moderna, pamwe chete, akaita mari inodarika mabhiriyoni gumi nemapfumbamwe emadhora panguva yedenda.
Uye mukuru wekambani iyi ari kutenda sei vateresi venyika ino avo vari kuita kuti iye nevamwe vake vapfume zvisingaite?
Ari kuvatenda nekuvapa zano rekuwedzera mutengo weCOVID vaccine kusvika pamadhora zana nemakumi matatu kana hurumende yapera.
Ngatibude pachena: Uyu mushonga wekudzivirira unongoda $2.85 kugadzira.
Musi wa22 Kurume, Komiti yeSeneti RUBATSIRO ichange ichiita kunzwa musi wa22 Kurume panyaya iyi. Pazasi mutsara: Moderna anofunga kuti zvakafanira here kuwedzera mitengo yekudzivirira mushure mekugamuchira mabhiriyoni emadhora mukutsigira mutero.
Nepo Moderna angave ari poster mwana wemakaro emakambani, haisi yega.
Makore akati wandei apfuura, aimbove CEO weGiriyedhi akave bhiriyoni nekuchaja madhora zviuru zveSovaldi, mushonga wehepatitis C wakawanikwa nemasayendisiti kuVeterans Administration. Mushonga uyu unongoda $1,000 chete kugadzira uye unogona kutengwa kuIndia nemadhora mana.
Mugadziri wezvinodhaka wekuJapan Astellas, uyo akaita bhiriyoni remadhora mupurofiti muna 2021, nguva pfupi yadarika akakwidza mutengo wechirwere chegomarara reprostate Xtandi neinopfuura 75% muUnited States kusvika pamadhora zviuru zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu. Uyu ndiwo mushonga wakagadzirwa nemasaenzi anotsigirwa nemari kuUCLA uye unogona kutengwa kuCanada nechikamu chimwe chete chechitanhatu chemutengo weUS.
Hazvifaniri kuva nenzira iyi. Chokwadi ndechekuti dai Congress yaive nehushingi hwekutora makaro eindasitiri yemishonga, taigona kuderedza mutengo wemishonga yemishonga muAmerica neinosvika 50%.
Sei? Nekudzivirira indasitiri yemishonga kubva kubhadharisa mari yemishonga muUS kupfuura zvavanoita kuCanada, Britain, Germany, France neJapan - pfungwa isingatsigirwe chete nevanofambira mberi, asi aimbove Mutungamiri Donald Trump.
Hapana chikonzero chine musoro nei kurapwa kweHIV Biktarvy kuchidhura kudarika $45,000 pagore muUS, asi $7,500 chete muFrance.
Kana kuti nei dosi yevhiki nevhiki yemushonga weauto-immune Enbrel ichidhura kudarika $1,760 muUS, asi $300 chete muCanada.
Kana kuti nei vial ye insulin ichidhura madhora makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere kuUS, asi madhora gumi nerimwe chete kuGermany.
Kana kuti nei kosi yepamwedzi yeanoonda ropa Eliquis inodhura madhora mazana mana nemakumi mana kuUS, asi ingori $440 muSpain.
Kana kuti nei jekiseni rekurapa gomarara rezamu Herceptin richidhura madhora zviuru zvinomwe muUS, asi isingasviki madhora zviuru zana nemakumi matanhatu muSwitzerland.
Kana kuti sei bhodhoro remushonga wehepatitis C richidhura kudarika $30,000 kuUS, asi $15,000 chete kuGreece.
Vanhu vekuAmerica vangave maRepublicans, Democrats kana Independents, vangave vanochengetedza, vari pakati nepakati kana vanofambira mberi, vanorwara uye vaneta nekubvisirwa neindasitiri yemishonga.
Ino ndiyo nguva yekuti titore makaro nesimba reindasitiri iyoyo uye nemitengo yakaderera yemishonga munyika yedu.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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