Shamwari: Muna Zvita 2009, ndakanga ndakumbira vapepeti pa The Times weLondon (semuenzaniso, Sally Baker) kuti vanopa kuna Edward S. Herman neni webhu-nzvimbo yekuisa bhurogi yenguva imwe chete mukupindura kune vamwe The TimesMutungamiriri-munyori uye munyori weblogger Oliver Kamm's multiple calumnies against us, iyo Kamm panguva iyoyo anga achinyora pane serial nheyo yake. Times-blog pamusoro pemwedzi miviri kana mitatu.
Ehe saizvozvo, The TimesVapepeti havana kumbopindura chikumbiro changu; uye mune imwe yeinotevera yake Times-blogs, Kamm akazotaura chokwadi chekuti ndakanga ndaita chirevo ichi The Times, asi akadzingwa basa.
Zverekodhi, saka, ndiri kutumira pano kopi yemhinduro iyo Ed neni tingadai takaendesa kwairi The Times, dai vakatipa nzvimbo yekupindura, pane kutifuridzira.
"Mufananidzo Unoramba Uchinyengedza Nyika" inoreva mifananidzo yakakurumbira yemurume wekuBosnia Muslim Fikret Alic, uye kusangana kwake kunotyisa neboka revatori venhau vekuBritain neSerbia vakashanyira musasa weTrnopolje kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero.
David Peterson
Chicago,
Mufananidzo Unoramba Uchinyengedza Nyika
Maererano neimwe-nguva zvemari fungidziro uyo akazova a Times weLondon's Imperial Truth-enforcer, Oliver Kamm, wedu "Vhura Tsamba kuAmnesty Mahofisi eInternational's London neBelfast, pachiitiko cheNoam Chomsky's Belfast Festival Lecture, Gumiguru 30, 2009."[1]
"zvakadzokororwa zvisina tsarukano zvakanzi zvinosvibisa zita reHigh Court muna 2000, apo ITN yakabudirira kumhanโarira. Kurarama kweMarxism (LM) magazini. LM vakanga vataura kuti Ed Vulliamy, pamwe naPenny Marshall naIan Williams veITN, vakanga vaita chitsotsi mukuzivisa musasa weTrnopolje mu.
Kamm zvakaipa. Hapana papi mutongo waKurume 2000 mune yakashata yakaunzwa neITN ichipokana LM yekudhinda uyezve kuramba kudzoreredza Thomas Deichmann's "Mufananidzo Wakanyengedza Nyika"[3] vakaita jury ramba chokwadi chechokwadi kupokana naDeichmann uye LM kuti pakaitika kusangana kwekutanga pakati pevatori venhau vekuBritain ava naFikret Alic nevamwe varume vechiBosnia vechiMuslim muna Nyamavhuvhu 5, 1992, vaive Marshall, Williams, Vulliamy, uye mutambi weITN Jeremy Irvin vaive vakamira. shure iyo fenzi yakasakara iyo mabvunzurudzo akaitwa uye mifananidzo yakanyorwa. Sekupokana kwakaita Deichmann uye kusati kwamborambwa, chikamu ichi chehuku-waya, chikamu chakakomberedzwa-waya fenzi yakakomberedzwa ikaita komboni ine chekuita nekurima kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yaisanganisira chikoro cheveruzhinji nenzvimbo yenharaunda, asi yaive. ipapo kushanda somusasa wevanhu vakadzingwa uye vasungwa munguva yehondo dzevagari vemo muBosnia-Herzegovina. Pakati pekomboni iyi paive nedanga, ruzhowa rwakanga rwakavakwa hondo dzevagari vemunyika isati yatanga kuvharisa danga nezvinhu zvine chekuita naro. Asi fenzi iyi haina kukomberedza kana kuvharira varume vechiBosnia vechiMuslim vakamira kune rumwe rutivi rwayo kubva kune vatori venhau veBritish, kunze komboni yekukurumidza iyo vatori venhau vekuBritain vakamira.
Sezvo Deichmann akanyora:
"Marshall, Williams naVulliamy pavakapinda mukomboni iri pedyo nemusasa, waya yeminzwa yakanga yatodamburwa munzvimbo dzakawanda. Havana kushandisa gedhi rakashama, asi vakapinda kubva kumaodzanyemba nepaburi repafenzi. Vakaswedera pedyo nefenzi. kurutivi rwokumusoro [kweiyi komboni], uko vapoteri vanoda kuziva vakakurumidza kuungana mukati musasa, asi pa kunze yenzvimbo yakakomberedzwa newaya ine minzwa. Yakanga iri kuburikidza newaya yakavharwa fenzi panguva iyi iyo yakakurumbira pfuti yeFikret Alic yakatorwaโฆ.[4]
Chero ani anoona rondedzero yaMarshall yekutanga Nyamavhuvhu 6, 1992 yeITN kubva pa2:37 mamaki kusvika 2:58 achaona Marshall achifamba achimhanya akananga kufenzi ("Hatina kugadzirira zvatakaona nekunzwa ipapo" (2:37- 2:44)), ipapo kucheka kuna Fikret Alic achisvika nepawaya ine minzwa kuti akwazisane naMarshall ("Ane nguva yakadii ari pano?" (2:45-2:51)), uyezve mumwe akacheka kusvika pakuvhara. -kumusoro kweiyo yakaonda Fikret Alic yakadhirowewa kuburikidza nefenzi inotora anenge masekonzi manomwe mune ese (2:52-2:58).[5] Aya masekonzi 20-21 emifananidzo anoburitsa pachena fungidziro yevasungwa vakamira mukati or shure nzvimbo yakakomberedzwa pamusasa uyo izwi raMarshall rinoratidza seTrnopolje. Masekonzi matanhatu kana manomwe emifananidzo anonangana naFikret Alic chete anoburitsa zvakanyanya fungidziro yemurume akabatwa zvisina kunaka achiyeuchidza avo vanowanikwa mumisasa yevasungwa uye yerufu munguva yeNazi. Nokudaro,
Chinzvimbo chaicho chevatori venhau veBritain vis-ร -vis ava varume vechiBosnia vechiMuslim chakasvitswawo nokutendeka neRadio Television.
Kumisikidzwa kwevatapi venhau vekuBritain pavakabvunzurudza nekutora mifananidzo yevarume vechiBosnia vechiMuslim muna Nyamavhuvhu 5, 1992, yakatsanangurwa kunyangwe naJustice. Morland weBritish High Court of Justice, Queens Bench Division, uyo, mune izvo David Campbell anodana Morland "kupfupisa kwejury" pedyo nekupera kwekutongwa kwemhosva, akataura zvakajeka uye nenzira kwayo.:
"Zviripachena Ian Williams naPenny Marshall nemapoka avo eTV vakakanganisa pakufunga kuti havana kuvharirwa nefenzi yekare ine minzwa, asi zvine basa here?"[7]
Mubvunzo "asi zvine basa here?" yakanga iri chirevo kumutemo weBritish libel, pasi payo "musungwa anotakura mutoro wehumbowo," se
Saka iyo Kurume 2000 mhosva yekupokana yakapokana neITN LM akaita kwete ziva kuti vaive varume vechiMuslim vekuBosnia vakamira seri kwefenzi panguva yekusangana uku, uye zvakaita kwete simbisa kuti mifananidzo yakakurumbira yaFikret Alic nevamwe varume vechiBosnia vechiMuslim vakamiririra chokwadi chekusangana uku, asi. LM haikwanise kumira pane izvi chokwadi mukuzvidzivirira kwayo kupomedzerwa mhosva: LM aifanira kuratidza kwete chete kuti Marshall naWilliams uye vapepeti veITN vakakanganisa pakumiririra varume vechiBosnia vechiMuslim sevamire kuseri kwefenzi, asiwo kuti nemaune or kuziva zvinomirirwa zvisizvo kusangana uku. Nehupfumi hwezviwanikwa uye zvapupu ITN inogona kushandisa, LM vakamira nemukana mudiki wekukunda. Magweta eITN akatodaidza chiremba wekuBosnia Muslim, Idriz Merdzanic, anga akavharirwa kuTrnopolje, akashanda ipapo sachiremba wekamba iyi, uye akabvunzurudzwa nevatori venhau vekuBritain pavakashanya kekutanga. Merdzanic akapa humbowo hwehutsinye hwakaitwa pakamba iyi izvo zvakaita kuti dare redzimhosva rifarire ITN asi izvi zvakanga zvisingaenderane nemibvunzo pamusoro pekomboni yezvekurima, fenzi, paive pakamira vatori venhau veITN, uye kuti mifananidzo yavakatora varume ava yaimiririra varume ava. sokumira kuseri kwefence. Kugona kweITN kurongedza-the-deck inopesana LM rakatevera kubva
Zvakadaro, kutaura kwaJustice Morland kuti vatori venhau veBritish "vakakanganisa pakufunga kuti havana kuvharirwa" (kureva,, vakakanganisa pakumiririra varume vechiBosnia vechiMuslim sevamire seri kwefenzi, kwete vatori venhau pachavo) haisiyaniswi kubva kune yekutanga kupokana naDeichmann, LM, uye naPhillip Knightley muafidaviti yaakagadzirira akamiririra LM's defence asi iyo isingabvumirwe kupinda muhumbowo pakutongwa- uye nesu mune yedu "Vhura Tsamba kuAI."
Thomas Deichmann's "Mufananidzo Wakanyengedza Nyika" waive uye unoramba uchiri kudonhedza kwakasimba kwemufananidzo weFikret Alic wakanyorwa kuTrnopolje nevatori venhau vekuBritain muna Nyamavhuvhu 5, 1992, nemifananidzo yevarume veMuslim vekuBosnia iyi yakangopihwa pasirese. seri kwewaya ine minzwa, uye Alic mufananidzo we "vapenyu vakafa" kuTrnopolje, humbowo hwehutsinye hwenguva yeNazi hwakamutswa paivhu reEurope mushure memakore makumi mashanu nemadzinza eSerbs, chaizvo sekutumirwa kwevatori venhau veBritish kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweBosnia-Herzegovina. . Sezvo Knightley akatsanangura muafidaviti yake akamiririra LM:
"Waya ine minzwa inova yekufananidzira. Vasungwa vese vanga vachiziya nenzara here? Kwete. Fikret Alic akanga akasiyana. Kunyange mukati
"Apo ... rondedzero yeITN yakarumbidzwa semufananidzo wakanaka, dai timu yakasimuka ndokuti pachena, 'Hei, imbomirai zvishoma. Zvakanga zvisina kudaro'. Munyika yakanaka, honguโฆ. dzvinyiriro dzezvokutengeserana dzeTV yemazuva ano uye idi rokuti kutaura kwaisazoda kuti vashandi veITN vadiwe nevashandirwi vavo uye vangave vakatoisa mabasa avo mungozi, zvinonzwisisika asi hazvikanganwirwi kuti hapana akasarudza kudaro.โ[9]
Kwete chete hapana mumwe wevatori venhau veBritish akasimuka ndokuti "Rembera paminiti." Asi mazuva gumi nerimwe mushure mekunge vashanyira Trnopolje uye vakarevera zvisirizvo Fikret Alic nevamwe varume vechiBosnia vechiMuslim vakamira kuseri kwefenzi, Penny Marshall akazvikudza mukati. Sunday Times nezve simba remifananidzo iyi "kufambisa maonero enyika." Mushure memushumo wake waNyamavhuvhu weTrnopolje weITN, "mapepanhau eBritish aida kupindira kwemauto," akadaro; "Mukati memaminitsi makumi maviri kubva [ITN] yave ichitepfenyurwa zvakare paterevhizheni yekuAmerica, George Bush akavimbisa kumanikidza kuti paitwe sarudzo yeUnited Nations inobvumidza kushandiswa kwechisimba."[10]
Iye zvino makore anopfuura 17 gare gare, hazvikanganwirwi kudarika kare kuti vanhu vakadai saOliver Kamm vachiri kunamatira uye kudzivirira izvi kare, asi zvakasimba, nhema kubva pakuparara kweYugoslavia, kumiririra zvisizvo chimiro chemutongo mukutongwa kwe2000. ye ITN v. LM, uye kushandisa bhurogi rake pa The Times Online kuti abudise kutyisidzira kusiri kusinganzwisisike kune mamwe nhepfenyuro yeBritish yaanoti "inoshambadzira mazwi asina kunaka pamhepo, sezvakaitwa neMedia Lens," nguva yese iyi achizviita "pedyo-absolutist pakutaura kwakasununguka."[11]
Edward S. Herman,
David Peterson,
โ- Mashoko Okupedzisira โ-
[1] Edward S. Herman naDavid Peterson, "Vhura Tsamba kuAmnesty Mahofisi eInternational's London neBelfast, pachiitiko cheNoam Chomsky's Belfast Festival Lecture, Gumiguru 30, 2009.," MRZine, November 22, 2009,http://www.monthlyreview.org/mrzine/hp221109.html>. Onawo yedu "Kuparara kweYugoslavia," Kudzokorora Kwemwedzi, October, 2007, esp. chikamu 10, "Basa reMedia neNuchenjeri mukuparadza," <http://www.monthlyreview.org/1007herman-peterson4.php>.
[2] Oliver Kamm, "The anatomy yekuramba mhosva dzehondo," The Times Online, Zvita 21, 2009,http://timesonline.typepad.com/oliver_kamm/2009/12/the-anatomy-of-war-crimes-denial.html>.
[3] Thomas Deichmann,"Mufananidzo wakanyengedza nyika," LM97, February, 1997,http://www.srpska-mreza.com/guest/LM/lm-f97/LM97_Bosnia.html>. Onawo Deichmann's "'Sezvazvakaitika chaizvo'?" LM100, Chivabvu, 1997,http://www.srpska-mreza.com/guest/LM/lm-100/LM100_Bosnia.html%20>.
[4] Deichmann,"Mufananidzo wakanyengedza nyika,"http://www.srpska-mreza.com/guest/LM/lm-f97/LM97_Bosnia.html>. Paunenge uchiverenga ongororo yaDeichmann, ive shuwa yekudzidza dhayagiramu yakanzi "Saiti plan yeTrnopolje, yakavakirwa pa
[5] Kuti uwane kopi yePenny Marshall's Nyamavhuvhu 6, 1992 mushumo weITN, ona webhusaiti yaDavid Campbell, "Hutsinye, ndangariro, kutora mafoto: kufungidzira misasa yevasungwa yeBosnia, Vhidhiyo,"http://www.david-campbell.org/photography/atrocity-and-memory/videos/ >;
[6] Petar Makara naJaredhi Israel, Kutonga: Iyo Bosnia 'Musasa Werufu' Kupomerwa: An Exposรฉ, Emperor's Clothes, 2000 uye 2008, kunyanya Chikamu Chechipiri kutanga pa4:44 mamaki,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eOjxauzsn8&feature=related>, uye Part Three kusvika kusvika kuma3:00 mamaki,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yg9ZQP6CGZU&feature=related>. Kune avo vasingade iyo RTS voiceover, kana vanotenda kuti voiceover haina kunaka uye inotsausa, ingodzima ruzha, uye tarisa zvikamu izvi nemeso ako akavhurika: Chero mibvunzo yasara yekuti nderipi divi refenzi. Vatori venhau veBritain nevaMuslim veBosnia vakanga vakamira vachionana apo iyi kurukurirano yokutanga yakaitika pana August 5, 1992, ichapindurwa.
[7] In David Campbell, "Hutsinye, ndangariro, kutora mafoto: kufungidzira misasa yevasungwa yeBosnia-nyaya yeITN inopesana Kurarama kweMarxism, Chikamu 1," Journal of Human Rights, March, 2002, map. 21,http://www.david-campbell.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/part1.pdf> โTinofanira kuwedzera kuti ongororo yakareba yaCampbell pamusoro penyaya mbiri dzakasiyana dzeizvi Nyaya anoramba zviri pachena: Kuti akanga ari Vatori venhau vekuBritain vakamira kuseri kwefenzi apo kusangana kwavo kwekutanga naFikret Alic nevarume vechiBosnia vechiMuslim kwakaitika. KuCampbell, chokwadi chokuti fenzi yakambokomberedza danga yakabva yaparara uye isina kukwana inoita kuti zvisaitike kutaura kuti vatori venhau veBritish vakamira mukati me "enclosure" kana "compound," ndoda "kuseri kwefenzi." Zvinoshamisa,
[8] Jo Glanville and said., Kutaura Kwemahara Hakusi Kutengeswa, Chirevo cheChirungu PEN uye Index on Censorship, Libel Reform Coalition, Mbudzi 10, 2009,http://libelreform.org/the-report?showall=1>.
[9] Kuti uwane chikamu chekopi yeafidaviti yaPhillip Knightley, ona
[10] Penny Marshall, "ITN's Penny Marshall anotaura kuti akaita sei kuti nyika imuke," Sunday Times, Nyamavhuvhu 16, 1992.
[11] Ona Oliver Kamm, "Retreat yeSrebrenica Deniers," The Times Online, Zvita 10, 2009,http://timesonline.typepad.com/oliver_kamm/2009/12/retreat-of-the-srebrenica-deniers.html>. Chirevo chakasimba chekupikisa kukosha kwerusununguko rwekutaura uye chezvenhau chingave chakaoma kuwana.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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