Zvinotaridza kuti zano reMutungamiri Chavez’ anopikisa nderekugadzira bongozozo uye kusagadzikana muVenezuela sezvinobvira, kuitira kuti Chavez asare asina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekudaidza mamiriro enjodzi. Izvi, zvakare zvinogona kutungamira mukupidigura kwemauto kana kupindira kwemauto eUS.

Tichifunga kuti Venezuela ine matura makuru emafuta kumadokero hemisphere; zviri pachena kuti zvinogoneka kuti hurumende yeUS ichapindira zvakanyanya, kana isiri kutozviita pachivande. Izvi zvinoreva kuti dambudziko riripo muVenezuela rinogona kunge riri zano rakarongwa rekupidigura hurumende yeChavez nerutsigiro rweUS.

Pandinonyora izvi, muna Kubvumbi 9, mubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa mukuru weVenezuela, Confederación de Trabajadores de Venezuela (CTV) yakadana kuramwa mabasa kwemazuva maviri. Kamuri yezvekutengeserana yeVenezuela, FEDECAMERAS, yapinda mukuramwa uye yakadana mabhizinesi ayo ese ane hukama kuvhara kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere.

Aka kaive kechipiri mumwedzi mina kuti masangano maviri, evashandi nevaridzi vemabhizinesi, afunga kubatanidza mauto nekurova hurumende yeruboshwe yeMutungamiri Hugo Chavez. Chii chiri kuitika muVenezuela? Sei aya nemamwe mauto mazhinji ari kubatana kurwisa Chavez?

Chavez akatora masimba mukupera kwa1998 mukukunda musarudzo zvine mutsindo, achidaidzira "Chimurenga cheBolivarian," achireva gamba rekuzvitonga kuLatin America uye mwanakomana waaifarira weVenezuela, Simon Bolivar. Kubva ipapo, Chavez akaedza kubvisa masimba akadzika midzi munharaunda yeVenezuela, inomiririrwa nevezvematongerwo enyika nevehupfumi, iyo yakatonga Venezuela kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana nenzira yedemocracy nekuchinjanisa masimba pakati pemapato maviri akadzika midzi ezvematongerwo enyika.

Chavez akatanga kuvandudza bumbiro remutemo reVenezuela, kuburikidza negungano rebumbiro uye nereferendamu, zvichiita kuti rive rimwe remabumbiro anofambira mberi pasi rose. Vechikuru vekare vakapotsa vadzingwa zvachose kubva pamasimba ezvematongerwo enyika mukati mesarudzo nomwe, dzakaitwa pakati pa1998 na2000. Zvisineyi, vekare veboka revashandi, vezvemabhizimisi, chechi, uye vanobudisa nhau vachiri kutonga. vachangobva kutanga kuita kuti hupenyu huve hwakaoma sezvinobvira kuna Chavez.

Kunyangwe Chavez pakutanga aive nemukurumbira weanosvika makumi masere muzana, mukurumbira wake wakadzikira zvishoma mugore rapfuura, zvichinzi asvika kune yakaderera 80's izvozvi. Kuti chikonzero chekudzikira uku kwaive kunonoka kweshanduko dzaakavimbisa, kushaikwa kwekufambira mberi kukuru mukuderedza huori nehurombo, kana kuti nekuda kwekurwiswa kwevezvenhau kuhurumende yake, hazvina kujeka - zvakanyanya nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu izvi.

Kunetsana pakati paChavez nevakuru vekare kwasvika padanho rekupedzisira. Chekutanga, Chavez paakapasa mitemo makumi mana nemapfumbamwe, iyo, pakati pemamwe matanho mazhinji, yaifanirwa kuwedzera mari yemafuta ehurumende uye kugovera ivhu. Bazi rekutengeserana rakapikisa zvakanyanya mitemo iyi uye rakafunga kudaidza bhizinesi rakajairwa musi waZvita 49.

Mubatanidzwa wevashandi veVenezuela, CTV, wakafunga kupinda mukuramwa mabasa, zvichinzi nekuda kwekukuvadza kwakaitwa nemutemo kubazi rebhizinesi nekudaro kumabasa muVenezuela.

Zvingangodaro, zvakadaro, kutsigira kwe CTV kwekuramwa mabasa kwakange kuri kudzorera kuChavez kumanikidza masangano evashandi kuita sarudzo itsva dzehutungamiriri hweCTV uye nekusacherekedza hutungamiriri hwayo, nekuda kwemhosva yekubirira, apo. vatungamiri vesangano remagadhi vekare vakazvizivisa kuti ndivo vakunda musarudzo uye vakaramba kuendesa zvakabuda pachena nemavhoti kuhurumende.

Nyaya huru yechipiri, iyo yakakonzera dambudziko guru kuna Chavez, yakaitika apo Chavez akagadza nhengo itsva shanu dzakavimbika kwaari kubhodhi revatungamiriri vekambani yehurumende yemafuta, PDVSA, kambani huru yemafuta pasi rose uye yechitatu. mutengesi mukuru wemafuta kuUS

Zvakare, akagadza ane mukurumbira leftist economist uye akashoropodza kwenguva refu PDVSA semutungamiri wayo. Vatungamiri vePDVSA vakachema-chema vachipikisa, vachiti kugadzwa kwacho kwanga kuri kwezvematongerwo enyika chete uye kusingaenderane nekukodzera uye nekudaro vakatyisidzira kukanganisa kuzvitonga kwekambani uye kunaka kwayo.

VaChavez vakabva vapikisa kuti nhengo dzebhodhi nemutungamiri wenyika vagara vari kugadzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika uye kuti nyika yaifanira kudzora PDVSA nekuti yave kuramba isingaite, nyika mukati mehurumende, iyo vatungamiriri vepamusoro vari kurarama hupenyu hweumbozha.

Uyezve, uye zvisina kujeka, Chavez anoda kuvimbisa kuti PDVSA inotevedzera OPEC's yekugadzira quotas, kuitira kuti mutengo wemafuta urambe uri padanho rakagadzikana uye rine pundutso. PDVSA, zvisinei, ine nhoroondo yekudzikisira OPEC quotas nekuti manejimendi ayo anoisa premium pamusika pane pamutengo wakanaka wemafuta.

Zvichitevera mavhiki maviri ekuratidzira uye kudzikira kwevashandi mukati mePDVSA, kunyanya kudivi revatungamiriri, hutungamiriri hwemubatanidzwa wevashandi veTVV, avo vese vari vevakuru vakashorwa, vakafunga kupinda mukukonana kutsigira manejimendi ePDVSA. , ichipikisa kuti yakanga ichiita mukubatana nevashandi vePDVSA mukushevedzera kwayo kwezuva rose.

Kamuri yekutengeserana yakakurumidza kutevera, ichiona semumwe mukana wekunyadzisa uye pamwe kudonhedza Chavez, uye yakatsigirawo kuramwa. Tichifunga nezve zuva rekutanga kubudirira kwakazara, iyo CTV nekamuri yekutengeserana vakafunga kuwedzera kurova kukuru mamwe maawa makumi maviri nemana. Zvakadaro, sezvakataurwa nePROVEA, sangano rinorwira kodzero dzevanhu reVenezuela, kunyange hazvo bumbiro remutemo reVenezuela richipa kodzero yekuramwa mabasa, kuramwa mabasa uku hakusi pamutemo nekuti kwakadarika zvinodiwa nemutemo kuti ive pamutemo wedemocracy yekuramwa mabasa kwakadai.

Tichifunga kuti ruzhinji rwemabhizinesi akazvimiririra inhengo dzekamuri yekutengeserana uye vanopokana naChavez, kuramwa kwacho kwaita kunge kwabudirira. Kuti vashandi vanotenda here mukuramwa mabasa uye kusaenda kubasa vachitsutsumwa nehurumende, hazvigone kutaurwa, sezvo mabhizinesi mazhinji akavharwa nevatungamiriri.

Mabhizinesi mazhinji aive akavhurika uye mazhinji emaindasitiri ange achitengesa zvinhu zvawo mumigwagwa semazuva ese. Zvechokwadi, mahofisi ose ehurumende nemabhangi ose, ane maawa anotungamirirwa nehurumende, akanga akazaruka. Pamwe chete, zvikamu izvi zvinoita makumi mana muzana evashandi veVenezuela.

Kunetsana muVenezuela kwauya kuzotora chikamu chikuru, kana munhu akateerera rhetoric yemativi maviri emakakatanwa. Mativi ese ari maviri anoshandisa zvakanyanya hyperbole, neimwe nzira achidana kuramwa kungave kutadza kuzere uye kwakazara kana budiriro yakakwana uye yakazara.

Mimwe mienzaniso yekuda nekupisa kwaita gakava rinoratidzwa mune vanopikisa vachidzokorora kutaura nezvaChavez se“mudzvanyiriri wehudzvanyiriri wehudzvanyiriri” uyo anoda “Cubanize†Venezuela. Chavez nevatsigiri vake, kune divi ravo, vanotaura kune vanopikisa semushonga ( “escualido†) une huwori oligarchy.

Maseti ese ari maviri emazita macaricatures echokwadi. Zvirokwazvo, veVenezuela's oligarchical elite vanopikisa Chavez, asi kupikisa kwaChavez kwave kwakasimba uye kwakura kupfuura iyo oligarchy, kusanganisira vazhinji vevaimbove shamwari dzake nevatsigiri. Nekune rimwe divi, kunyangwe Chavez achishandisa kutaura kwakawanda kwekutuka, vanopikisa havasati vawana chiitiko chimwe chete chekuti akatyora bumbiro redemocracy yeVenezuela neimwe nzira.

Kukundikana kukuru kwaChavez, kubva pamaonero anofambira mberi, pamwe kuri muchimiro chake chehutongi, ndosaka vazhinji vevaimbomutsigira vakaparadzaniswa nehurumende yake. Pese kana mumwe munhu aipikisa mitemo yake anenge agara achiiramba ovadzinga mudenderedzwa rehurumende.

Mhedzisiro yave kurasikirwa kusingachinji kwehuwandu hwezvematongerwo enyika hwehutungamiriri hwehurumende uye shanduko yakakosha mukanzuru yake, zvichiita kuti kudzikama uye kuenderana kwemitemo kuome.

Kurasikirwa uku kwerutsigiro rwakakura kwaita kuti inzwe kusimba zvakanyanya panguva yematambudziko achangopfuura, zvichiita kuti Chavez ataridzike ari ega kupfuura zvaangave angave. Kunze kwevatsigiri vebato rake, avo vane chiverengero chakakura uye vazhinji vanobva kune varombo “mabarrios,†masangano anofambira mberi mumasangano akazvimirira akaregeredzwa naChavez nekudaro anga asingashande. Pane kudaro, masangano anochengetedza emasangano evagari vemo, akadai sechamber of commerce uye hutungamiriri hwemubatanidzwa wemagadhi ndevamwe vevanokurudzira vemasangano akazvimirira.

Zvakadaro, mitemo yeChavez yave ichienderera mberi nekuti vakatsigira kugovewazve kwevhu kuvarimi varombo, zita redzimba dzakazvivakira dzemabarrios, kuwedzera kwakasimba kwemuhoro wepasi uye wemihoro yevashandi vehurumende, uye kunyoresa vadzidzi vanopfuura miriyoni imwe chete muchikoro vakanga vasina kuverengerwa, kungotaura zvishoma zvakaitwa.

Panyaya dzenyaya dzepasi rose, Chavez anga ari pamberi mukushandira mubatanidzwa wepasirese wechitatu, mukupikisa neo-liberalism, uye mukutsigira Cuba.

Kuona kuti iyi epic gakava iri nezvei kwave kunetsa kune wekunze. Shungu dzinopisa zvokuti hazvibviri kuwana ongororo dzakadzikama uye dzine mufungo pamusoro pezviri kuitika. Ko kamuri yezvekutengeserana, hutungamiriri hwemubatanidzwa wevashandi, vepamusoro, uye zvikamu zvakakosha zvevepakati vane hanya chaizvo nezve “kuita zvematongerwo enyika†kwePDVSA nekugadzwa kwebhodhi revatungamiriri rinotsigira hurumende?

Zvichida. Asi kushora kugadzwa uku kunopembedza kuramwa mabasa? Kwete. Zvingangove zvikamu izvi zviri kunetsekana kuti kuita zvematongerwo enyika kwePDVSA kunoreva kurasikirwa kwekuwana mari yeVenezuela mombe: mafuta. Kwete izvozvo chete, zvichemo zvakajairika izvo munhu anonzwa nezvaChavez zvine chekuita nemaitiro ake pane chero maratidziro aakaita. Panowanzova nerusarura rwerusarura rwekunyunyuta kwakadaro, zvichireva kuti Chavez, nekuda kwemaitiro ake echivanhu uye echivanhu uye chimiro chake cheIndio, munhu wepasi, “negro.

Hazvibatsire kuti dzinenge dzese dzenhau, kunze kweiyo hurumende inotungamirwa neTV network, kubva pamatanho mashanu makuru eTV, uye rimwe kubva pamapepanhau makuru gumi rinopokana zvachose naChavez.

Nhepfenyuro dzinogara dzichitaura dzinenge chirevo chimwe nechimwe chevanopikisa uye hachiwanzobudisi zviziviso zvehurumende. Chavez, nekuda kwekugumburwa nevezvenhau akaramba achirwisa vezvenhau nekuda kwevechembere yevarindi oligarchy uye nekudhinda chimwe chinhu kunze kwenhema, achivatyisidzira nemutemo nekunyomba.

Vezvenhau vakapindura zvakadaro, vachipomera Chavez mhosva yekutyisidzira vatori venhau nezvaakataura uye kutumira zvikwata zvekutyisidzira vatori venhau nechisimba. Vezvenhau vakaedza kunyadzisa Chavez pasi rose nekuendesa nyaya yavo kuOrganisation of America States nekuAmerica, avo vakapindura zvichemo zvavo zvakanaka uye vakashora Chavez nekusaremekedza kwake kodzero dzevanhu.

Chimwe chaitwa naChavez kurwisa nhepfenyuro kushandisa mutemo unobvumidza hurumende kutora nhepfenyuro dzese dzakakosha dzehurumende. Nhepfenyuro dzese dzeTV neredhiyo dzinofanirwa kutepfenyura zviziviso izvi.

Munguva yekuramwa mabasa kwakawanda Chavez akafunga kuenda-kunze uye akakanganisa kutepfenyura kwese kweTV neredhiyo kakawanda panguva yekuramwa. Kushandisa masaisai epamhepo nehurumende kwave kupa dzimwe zvombo kune vanopikisa uye chave chinhu chakakosha padanho ravo rekuwedzera kuramwa mabasa kubva pazuva rimwe kusvika maviri.

Chikanganiso chikuru chaChavez kwave kuri kuregeredza kwake kusimudzira tsika yaizotsigira “Chimurenga cheBolivarian” chake, icho masangano anofambira mberi emasangano akazvimirira aizotsigira nekusimudzira pakati pevanhu nepasi rose, kunyangwe vachipesana nevezvenhau vanopikisa zvakasimba.

Zvisinei nekukanganisa kukuru kwehutungamiriri hwake, Chavez anoramba achikodzera kutsigirwa nevanofambira mberi nekuti imwe chete nzira yavepo kusvika pari zvino ndeyekudzokera kuchimiro quo ante, uko vepamusoro, pamwe nezvikamu zvakasarudzwa zvesangano revashandi uye hurumende inogovana mafuta eVenezuela pakati pavo, vachisiya varombo, vanoumba zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvevanhu veVenezuela, kuti vazviriritire.

Parizvino, zvakadaro, nzira yekukurumidza uye ingangove yakasarudzika kuna Chavez kungave kuvhota kwemauto kana kupindira kweUS, sezvo Chavez zvechokwadi haasi kuzosiya chigaro uye sezvo ari pachigaro zviri pamutemo kusvika muna 2004, apo vhoti yekuyeuka inogona kudaidzwa. . Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanofambira mberi pasirese vanofanirwa kuita vakabatana nehurumende yeChavez uye nekumutsigira, kana imwe nzira yekuChile ichida kudzivirirwa.

Gregory Wilpert anogara kuCaracas, aimbove nyanzvi yekuUS Fulbright kuVenezuela, uye parizvino ari kuita tsvakiridzo yakazvimirira pamusoro pemagariro ebudiriro.

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