Musi wa9 Gunyana 2023, pamusangano weG20 muNew Delhi, hurumende dzenyika nomwe neEuropean Union. zvakasinwa memorandamu yekunzwisisa kugadzira India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor. Nyika nhatu chete (India, Saudi Arabia, neUnited Arab Emirates kana UAE) ndiyo yaizove yakananga chikamu chemukoridho uyu, waizotanga muIndia, uchipfuura nemuGulf, uye wogumira muGreece. Nyika dzemuEurope (France, Germany, neItaly) pamwe neEuropean Union dzakapinda muchirongwa ichi nekuti dzaitarisira kuti IMEC ichange iri nzira yekutengeserana yekuti zvinhu zvavo zviende kuIndia uye kuti vakwanise kuwana zvinhu zvemuIndia, zvavanotarisira kuti zvaizoita. kuva, mutengo wakaderedzwa.
United States, iyo yaive imwe yevakatanga IMEC, yakaisundidzira senzira yekuparadzanisa China neIran pamwe nekukasira kugadzirisa hukama pakati peIsrael neSaudi Arabia. Zvaiita semudziyo wakakwana weWashington: kuunganidza China neIran, kuunza Israel neSaudi Arabia pamwe chete, uye kudzamisa hukama neIndia iyo yaiita seyakaneteswa nekusada kweIndia kubatana neUnited States mumutemo wayo maererano neRussia.
Hondo yeIsrael pamaPalestine muGaza yakashandura equation yese uye yakamisa IMEC. Izvozvi hazvigoneke kuti Saudi Arabia neUnited Arab Emirates vapinde muchirongwa chakadaro nemaIsrael. Mafungiro everuzhinji munyika dzechiArab ari kupisa-kupisa, nehasha dzinopisa pakubhomba kusingasaruri kwakaitwa neIsrael uye kurasikirwa kunotyisa kwehupenyu hwevanhu. Nyika dzemudunhu dzine hukama hwepedyo neIsrael - dzakaita seJordani neTurkey - dzakafanira kuomesa kutaura kwadzo pamusoro peIsrael. Munguva pfupi, zvirinani, hazvigoneke kufungidzira kuitwa kweIMEC.
Pivot kuAsia
Makore maviri China isati yatanga "One Belt, One Road" kana Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), United States yakanga yatoronga nzira yekutengeserana inopihwa mari nechikamu chekubatanidza India neEurope uye kusimbisa hukama pakati peWashington neNew. Delhi. Muna 2011, Secretary of State weUS, Hillary Clinton, akapa nhaurwa muChennai, India, kwaakataura nezvekugadzirwa kweNzira Itsva yeSirika yaizomhanya kubva kuIndia ichipfuura nePakistan uye kuCentral Asia. Iyi nyowani "web yepasirese uye network yezvehupfumi uye yekufambisa yekubatanidza" ingave chishandiso cheUnited States kugadzira nhandare itsva yehurumende uye "nzvimbo yekutengeserana yemahara" umo United States ingave nhengo (nenzira dzakafanana United States chikamu che Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation kana APEC).
Iyo New Silk Road yaive chikamu che "pivot kuAsia" yakafara, sekutaura kwakaita Mutungamiriri weAmerica Barack Obama. Iyi "pivot" yakagadzirirwa kutarisa kusimuka kweChina uye kudzivirira simba rayo muAsia. Clinton wacho chinyorwa muForeign Policy (โAmerica's Pacific Century,โ Gumiguru 11, 2011) yakaratidza kuti Mugwagwa Mutsva weSirika uyu waisapikisa China. Nekudaro, iyi rhetoric ye "pivot" yakauya pamwe neuto reUS AirSea Hondo. pfungwa iyo yakagadzirirwa kutenderedza kurwisana kwakananga pakati peUnited States neChina (iyo pfungwa yakavakirwa pa1999 Pentagon kudzidza inonzi "Asia 2025" iyo yakataura kuti "kutyisidzira kuri muAsia").
Makore maviri gare gare, hurumende yeChina yakataura kuti yaizovaka chirongwa chikuru chezvivakwa uye chekutengeserana chinonzi "One Belt, One Road," iyo yaizodaidzwa kuti Bhanhire uye Road Initiative (BRI). Kwemakore gumi anotevera, kubva 2013 kusvika 2023, iyo BRI investments yakaverengerwa $1.04 tiririyoni yakapararira pamusoro penyika zana nemakumi mana nesere (zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvepasirese). Munguva pfupi iyi, chirongwa cheBRI chakaita mucherechedzo mukuru pasi rose, kunyanya kunyika dzine urombo dzeAfrica, Asia, neLatin America, uko BRI yakaisa mari yekuvaka zvivakwa neindasitiri.
Yakarangwa nekukura kweBRI, United States yakaedza kuivharira kuburikidza nezviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana: iyo Amรฉrica Crece yeLatin America uye Nhoroondo ye Millennium Challenge Corporation kuSouth Asia. Kushaya simba mukuedza uku kwaive kwekuti vese vaivimba nemari kubva kune yakazvimirira yega yega.
Zvinetso zveIMEC
Kunyangwe pamberi pekubhomba kweIsrael kweGaza, IMEC yakatarisana nematambudziko akati wandei.
Chekutanga, kuyedza kutsaura China kwakaratidzika kunge kusiri nhema, zvichipihwa kuti chiteshi chikuru cheGreek mukoridho - paPiraeus - vakakwanisa neChina Ocean Shipping Corporation, uye kuti Dubai Ports ine zvakawanda inivhesitimendi kubva kuChina Ningbo-Zhoushan port uye Zhejiang Seaport. Saudi Arabia neUAE ikozvino inhengo dzeBRICS +, uye nyika mbiri idzi dziri kutora chikamu muShanghai Cooperation Organisation.
Chechipiri, iyo yese IMEC maitiro inotsamira pane yakavanzika-chikamu chemari. Iyo Adani Boka-iyo ine hukama hwepedyo neMutungamiriri weIndia Narendra Modi uye yakapinda pasi peiyo spotlight zvehutsotsiโatova muridzi we Mundra port (Gujarat, India) uye Haifa port (Israeri), uye anotsvaka kutora a mugove pachiteshi chengarava paPiraeus. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo IMEC corridor iri kupa geopolitical chivharo chekudyara kwaAdani kubva kuGreece kuenda kuGujarat.
Chechitatu, nzira yegungwa pakati peHaifa nePiraeus yaizopfuura nemumvura inokwikwidzana pakati peTurkey neGreece. Iyi "Aegean Dispute" yakatsamwisa hurumende yeTurkey kuti kutya hondo kana Girisi ikapfuura nemagadzirirwo ayo.
Chechina, purojekiti yese yaivimba ne "kugadziriswa" pakati peSaudi Arabia neIsrael, kuwedzera kwezvibvumirano zveAbraham izvo zvakakwevera Bahrain, Morocco, neUnited Arab Emirates vanoziva Israel muna Nyamavhuvhu 2020. Muna Chikunguru 2022, India, Israel, United Arab Emirates, neUnited States vakaumba I2U2 Group, ine chinangwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, "kugadzirisa zvivakwa zvemazuva ano" uye "kufambisa nzira dzekuvandudza kabhoni" kuburikidza "Private Enterprise Partnerships." Iyi yaive precursor yeIMEC. Kunyange "kugadzirisa" neSaudi Arabia kana kufambira mberi kweI2U2 maitiro pakati peUAE neIsrael zvinoita sezvinobvira mumamiriro ekunze aya. Kubhomba kweIsrael maPalestine muGaza kwaomesa maitiro aya.
Yakapfuura Indian kutengeserana nzira mapurojekiti, akadai se International North-South Trade Corridor (neIndia, Iran, neRussia) uye Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (inotungamirirwa neIndia neJapan), havana kubva papepa kuenda kuchiteshi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Idzi, zvirinani, dzaive nehunhu hwekugona kurarama. IMEC ichasangana nedambudziko rakafanana nemakoridho aya, kusvika pamwero wakati nekuda kwekubhomba kweIsrael paGaza asiwo nekuda kwekufungidzira kweWashington kuti inogona "kukunda" China muhondo yehupfumi.
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