Stafford Beer akapayona 'cybernetic manejimendi misimboti' asi coup yaPinochet yakaona tekinoroji yashanduka kuita zvakaipa.
Imumatsutso a1971, injiniya wechidiki ane chido kubva kuTalca, nechepakati Chile, akapinda mukamuri yekutandarira yeAthenaeum Club iri paPall Mall yekuLondon kuti asangane naStafford Beer, mugari wemuSurrey waaifarira kwenguva refu.
Fernando Flores akagadzwa kuve mukuru weChile's Production and Development Corporation (Corfo) nemutungamiri wesocialist Salvador Allende aine makore makumi maviri nematanhatu ekuzvarwa, uye pakati pekunakidzwa kwezvirongwa zvaAllende, achitarisira kupa Beer nechiono chake chehunyanzvi. , muenzaniso wehupfumi unotungamirwa nehurumende.
Doro rakaodzwa mwoyo nekushaikwa kwekudhonza pfungwa dzake dzaaiwana muBritain - akange apayona "cybernetic manejimendi misimboti", sainzi yesangano rinoshanda, iro rakakurudzira Flores - uye akakurumidza kubvumirana.
Musangano uyu waizobudirira kuita dzungu, kuyedza kubatana muAllende's Chile - imwe yehondo inotonhora yeLatin America inotyisa nzvimbo dzekurwa - uye kuzadzika kweCybersyn Project, chirongwa chemangwana chehupfumi hwemazuva ano hwesocialist.
Kwakanga kuri kuvimba netiweki yemichina yenhare kubatanidza mafekitari emakambani anotsigira eCorfo anodarika makumi masere nekamuri rokuvhiya rine mapuranga muguta guru, Santiago. Ikoko, zvigaro zvinomwe zvakaiswa mudenderedzwa kuti vagadziri vezvisarudzo vaAllende vatarise kugadzirwa munguva chaiyo, imwe neimwe iine seti yemabhatani emangwana, siga ashtray uye nzvimbo yedhishi yewhiskey yakavakirwa mukati meiyo armrest.
Nemakore makumi mashanu ekupemberera kuvepa kweropa kwaGen Augusto Pinochet muna 50 uko kwakabvisa Allende kusvika Gunyana rino, ngano iri kujekeswa mukati. Vakomana veSantiago, mutsva, mapfumbamwe-chikamu podcast series, yakanyorwa, yakatsvakurudzwa uye yakaratidzwa nemunyori we teknolojia Evgeny Morozov.
"[Muna 1960s Chile,] maive nechirongwa chechokwadi chine chekuita nemaindasitiri uye tekinoroji, uye pfungwa yakabatana yavakanga vachitanga kuita," akadaro.
Mushure mekuvhota kwaPinochet, the Chicago Boys, boka renyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzakadzidziswa pasi paMilton Friedman paYunivhesiti yeChicago, nekukasira kuunza vavariro dzemurairidzi wavo kuChile.
"Chimiro cheChicago Boys chakakura munhoroondo yenhoroondo, uye vanowanzoonekwa se "chaiwo" vagadziri vezvitsva," akadaro Morozov. "Asi mune yangu vhezheni yenyaya, ndeye 'Santiago Boys' vanouya pekutanga, uye maChicago Boys ndivo vaive nechisimba, kudeura ropa uye kwete-kuda kuumba mhinduro kwavari."
Morozov inoreva "kushandiswa kwetekinoroji kutevedzera hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika: propaganda, kuongorora uye kutevera vavengi vako" se "dark tech", uye zvakare anoongorora zvakare hukama hweLatin America hune mhirizhonga neITT, iyo inopokana yeUS conglomerate, panguva yekutonhora. hondo.
ITT, iyo ine Chilean akabata Chiltelco Allende akange aita chigaro chemutungamiri wenyika, yakabatsira kukurudzira manzwiro ekupokana naAllende uye nekupa mari vanopikisa hurumende yavo muChile mumwedzi isati yatanga kupidigura hurumende, maererano netambo dzakadzikiswa.
Iyi nhevedzano inochera zvakadzika mukushandiswa kwakashata kwetekinoroji panguva iyi sechikamu cheOp Operation Condor, iyo US-yakatsigirwa network yehutongi hweLatin America iyo yakagovana hungwaru kuvhima vanopikisa kuruboshwe.
Operation Condor yakatora hupenyu hwevanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi matanhatu kubva muna 60,000 kusvika 1975, uye dzimwe fungidziro dzinoti huwandu hwevasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika huri pamazana mana ezviuru.
Yakarongwa, pamwe muchikamu, kubva panzvimbo yekuvhiya ingangove iri munharaunda yeRecoleta yeBuenos Aires, uye yakashandisa tekinoroji yerunhare seFlores neBeer's Cybersyn Project kugovera hungwaru.
Pamberi pePinochet coup, Beer, murume ane hunyanzvi uye dzimwe nguva aipenga akange adzidziswa kuzvikoro zvakazvimirira zvakazvimiririra, akatyaira Rolls-Royce uye akatochengeta kambani yeanonyadzisa media baron Robert Maxwell achigara muSurrey.
Pashure pokunge Allende akundwa, haana kuzombodzokera kuChile.
Akamera ndebvu, akadzidzisa tantric yoga, akanyora nhetembo uye akapenda, achigara muWales neCanada aine zvinhu zvishoma. Muzivi Humberto Maturana akarangarira nezveBeer kuti akanga asvika muChile muzvinabhizimisi ndokusiya hippy.
Beer akafa muna 2002, uye mushure memakore maviri achitsvaga basa rake nenhaka yake, Morozov anotenda kuti kushaya kwake kudzidziswa kwechikoro - haana kumbopedza dhigirii rake, iro rakavhiringidzwa nebasa rechiuto, kana kudzidzira doctorate - pamwe ne "zvisizvo." ” rudzi rwekusaziva uye hukama hwake hwakajeka kuna Allende zvese zvakaburitsa kuvimbika kwake mudenderedzwa renjere.
"Akave munhu anopesana netsika, pane kufunga zvakanyanya," Morozov akatsanangura.
Fernando Flores akachengetwa mumusasa wejeri kumaodzanyemba kweChile kusvikira asunungurwa muna 1976. Akatamira kuSilicon Valley, kwaakanakidzwa nebasa rebhizimisi rakabudirira, asati adzokera kuChile ndokuva seneta.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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Pane chirevo here chinoti "kudiwa ndiamai vekugadzira"?
Zvinonyanya kukosha zvinogona kuva izvo zvinoti, chigadzirwa chega chega, zvisinei kuti chinoumbwa sei nehunhu, chinozopedzisira chaiswa mubasa neakaipa uye anoparadza. Izvi hazviiti hazvo kuti munhu ave Luddite, asi zvinofanirwa kubatsira kune chokwadi. Tora komputa. Ndanga ndichivashandisa kubva kuApple IIe makumi emakore apfuura uye nekunyora, kutsvagisa, uye kutaurirana, makomputa ave anoshamisa uye anogamuchirwa. Asi ndine chokwadi chekuti pesvedzero yavo yakashanda zvinopesana nehupenyu hwedu kunyangwe nekushandiswa kwakanaka. Vanhu vane pfungwa dzisina kunaka vakavashandisa zvinouraya.