Vashandi muGreece nhasi vanomira kumberi kwekunetsekana kweboka reEuropean vachipokana nekuedza kukuru kwekuita kuti vanhu vanoshanda vabhadhare mutengo wedambudziko rayo.

 

Kushevedzera kunopesana neiyo austerity drive iri kupararira muEurope. MuFrance, mhirizhonga uye zviratidzo zvakaitwa musi waMay 27 uye zuva rezviito rakarongwa muna June 24. MuPortugal, 300,000 vanhu vanoshanda vakaratidzira mumigwagwa yeLisbon musi waMay 30 kuti varatidze kuramba kwavo chirongwa chehurumende yesocialist yekuomesera. MuSpain, vashandi vehurumende vakaenda kumigwagwa musi waJune 2. MuItaly, kuratidzira kwenyika kwakaitwa muRoma musi waJune 5, nekurova uye zvimwe zviito zvakarongwa kusvika June 14. MuGreat Britain, masangano uye masangano ari kuruboshwe ari. kuronga zuva rekuratidzira pana June 22. MuRomania vashandi vehurumende vakapinda mumigwagwa pana June 4.

 

Kuramba kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi muGreece kunoratidza varwiri vevashandi nevarwi veanti-capitalist vakasiiwa kuti kutamburira kwavo kunogona kugadzira nzira nyowani dzekumberi mukuona mhedzisiro yedambudziko rehupfumi riripo. Kuramwa mabasa kukuru kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana muGreece, kwakaitwa muna Chivabvu 24, kwakanyoresa budiriro yesangano revashandi mukukunda kushambadza kunoitwa nevezvenhau uye kuchera kunobva kuhurumende yePASOK (Pan-Hellenic Socialist). Vanhu vanodarika zviuru makumi mashanu vakapinda mumigwagwa muAthens uye kuratidzira kwakaitwa mumaguta makuru emunyika.[1] Vadzidzisi vezvikoro zvehurumende vakatora chikamu chikuru mukuratidzira kweAtene. Kupinda mukuramwa mabasa kwanga kwakanyanya mubazi rehurumende asi kushoma kune vehurumende. Masangano makuru evashandi akarongawo zuva remisangano musi wa5 Chikumi.

Kuramwa mabasa nekuratidzira musi wa5 Chivabvu kwakabudirira zvikuru. Yakatangwa neGeneral Confederation of Workers muGreece (GSEE) uye mubatanidzwa wevashandi vehurumende (ADEDY), chikumbiro chekumisa basa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana chakacherechedzwa zvakanyanya nevashandi vehurumende nevakazvimirira. Kuratidzira kwakaitwa mumaguta makuru ese muGreece kunze kweLarissa: muTripoli nePatra muPeloponnese, muIoannina neIgoumenitsa muEpirus, muHerakleion (Krete), uyewo muSalonika, guta guru reNorthern Greece, uko zviuru zvevaratidziri zvakatora. kumigwagwa.

 

Imo muAtene, zvisinei, umo kuratidzira kukuru kwakaonekwa. Migwagwa yepakati peAthens yakatorwa nemafashamo evanhu vanenge 250,000 35. Zvikamu zvaro zvairatidza boka rekushanda reguta reGreek mukusiyana kwaro kwese: vashandi vebazi rakazvimirira, sevaya veSkaramanga ngarava dzePiraeus, vashandi vezvishandiso zveveruzhinji uye nyika, senge avo vekambani yemagetsi (DEI). ), vadzidzisi uye vanamukoti vehurongwa hwehutano hwevanhu, vashandi vasingashandi uye vakasiya basa, vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye vasina magwaro, vadzidzi veyunivhesiti uye vekusekondari. Maslogan aiuya kubva pakuratidzira zvese zvakaratidza kuramba kwevanhu kubhadhara mari dzedambudziko recapitalist rakakonzerwa nemari yepasi rose: "Kwete kumhepo inorwisa vashandi," "Kwete kuchinjika, hongu kumaawa makumi matatu neshanu vhiki yebasa, ” “Vashandi, simukai! Vari kutora zvese zvatinazvo," "Takabhadhara purofiti yavo, hatisi kuzobhadhara dambudziko ravo."[2]

 

Johanna ane makore makumi matatu ekuzvarwa akaratidzira kuti "aiwa kuIMF. Vanoda kutiita kuti titende kuti vaifanira kuuya pano [kuzo“nunura” mari yenyika], asi ini handizvitendi zvachose. Ndiani angabvuma kurapwa kwakadaro?”

 

Kunzwa kwakadzama kwekusaruramisira kuri kufambisa kuratidzira kwemhomho. Yannis, purofesa ane makore makumi matatu, akatsanangurira l'Humanité mutori wenhau:

 

“Munhu wose anofunga kuti hapana kururamisira. Mari iripo asi havadi kuenda kunoitora… Handioni imwe nzira yekubuda nayo: vakatipa sarudzo imwe chete.”[3]

 

Mateki emubato achipokana neIMF/European Union/Greek PASOK hurumende yehutemi yakatsanangurwa naIlias Vretakou, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weADEDY union:

 

"Tiri kutumira kubva kuAtene meseji yekurwira uye kuramba kune vashandi venyika dzese dzeEurope, vachipokana nehurombo hwemisika mikuru, hurumende neEuropean Union. Hurumende, IMF neEuropean Union vakasarudza kutyaira vashandi, uye nzanga yeGreek, kune hunyambiri hwemagariro ehutsinye hwatakamboziva. Vari kusimudzira vashandi uye nzanga kusvika pasi. Vari kutibira mihoro yedu, vari kutibira mapesheni edu, vari kutibira kodzero dzedu dzevanhu, vari kutibira kodzero yedu yekurarama. Vari kuisa mutemo wesango muhukama hwebasa,… Vanoita kuti zvibvire kuti vashandirwi vadzike mushandi akura ndokupinza basa, nemari imwe cheteyo, vashandi vaduku vatatu kana kuti vana mumamiriro ezvinhu asina ngozi.”[4]

 

Hurukuro iyi yakakwevera kuombera maoko kubva kuboka revanhu rakanga richangodenha mutungamiri weGSEE, Panagopoulos, akashoropodzwa nevanomirira mubatanidzwa nekuzeza kurwisa nhanho dzehuori muna Kukadzi.[5] Pakati pavamwe vakurukuri, Claus Matecki (wemubatanidzwa weGermany DGB) naPaul Fourier (weFrench General Confederation of Workers) vakanyandurawo kuombera maoko kwakajeka, zvikurukuru apo vapashure vakazivisa, kuti: “Nhasi, tose tiri vaGiriki! Maita rombo rakanaka."[6]

 

Pakati pemauto ezvematongerwo enyika eKuruboshwe, Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) neCommunist Party yeGreece (KKE) vakapinda zvakanyanya mukuratidzira. Isocial-democrats (PASOK) yakanga isina huvepo hwakarongeka, kunyangwe kushushikana kwemukati pakati pebapiro rekuruboshwe rebato rakatarisana nehurongwa hwekuomesera hunoitwa nehurumende yePASOK.

 

Vazhinji pakati pevaratidziri vakavhota PASOK muna Gumiguru 2009. Ivo zvino vakaodzwa mwoyo uye vakatsamwa kuziva kuti akakunda Kuruboshwe akadzinga muhurumende hurumende yehuori yerudyi yeKostas Karamanlis (Democracy Itsva) yakapa, pasina kurwa chero kupi zvako, kuti. zvematongerwo enyika neoliberal yemari yemari. Dimitra, akarega basa anogara mudunhu reAthens, aitarisira kuti kukunda kwePASOK kwaizoita kuti zvinhu zvive nani. Akaodzwa mwoyo, anoshatirwa paanofunga nezveMutungamiriri wePASOK, George Papandreou: "Kana ndafunga kuti ndavhotera hunhubu!"[7]

 

Kuburitswa kweMedia kwekuratidzira kwaMay 5 kwaive kwakanangana ne "koukouloforoi," "vakafukidzwa," avo vakarwisa zviratidzo zvemusika misa tsika uye zvemari capitalism. Bhanga reMarfin riri mumugwagwa weStadiou mudhorobha reAthens rakarwiswa neMolotov cocktails ndokupiswa. Vashandi vatatu vebhanga iri vakarasikirwa neupenyu mumoto. Vashandi veMarfin vakamanikidzwa kushanda zuva iroro pasinei nedanidzo yekuramwa uye vakavharirwa chaizvoizvo mubhangi. Pakanga pasina hurongwa hwekubuda nechimbichimbi, zvichiita kuti kubuda kwavo kunyanye kuoma.

 

Mhinduro yebasa rekushanda yakanga iri pakarepo uye yakajeka. Manheru e5 Chivabvu, mutungamiri weADEDY akatsanangura kuti "maitiro echifascist ane chinangwa chekutyisidzira vanhu panguva iyo kurwiswa kwevanhu vakawanda kuchikosha kumisa matanho anokanda hupenyu hwevaGiriki mumatambudziko."[8] Zuva rakatevera, Chivabvu 6, mhomho yevanhu vaichema yakaungana paSyndagma Nzvimbo, pamberi peBouli (Paramende yeGreek), kuti vashore kugamuchirwa kwechirongwa chekuomesera nevamiriri vakasarudzwa veNational Assembly.[9]

 

Iyi pfari yemhirizhonga yemumugwagwa haina hukama nekutsamwiswa kwakakurumbira kuhurumende yePapandreous. Urongwa hwehuori hwakatemerwa vanhu veGreek nemisika yemari - masangano anotungamira emari, IMF, uye European Union - kuramba kuri pachena kwehutongi hwenyika uye demokrasi. Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende yakamira zvakasimba kubva muna Kukadzi uye inoramba kuteerera mashoko ari kubuda mumigwagwa. Pane kudaro, inokwidziridza hutongi hwehurongwa hwehudzvanyiriri: kana yangogashirwa neNational Assembly muna Chivabvu 6 (nemavhoti ePASOK socialists, New Democracy uye nationalist-racist LAOS), ichaitwa kuburikidza nekutevedzana. yemirayiro kubva kubazi rezvemari, zvisingasiyi mukana wekupindira kweparamende uye kuganhurira vamiriri vakasarudzwa vevanhu kuti vave nechinzvimbo chekupa mazano chete.

 

Kushaikwa kwehurongwa hwehutongi hwejekerere nokudaro kunovhura musuwo, mune zvimwe zvikamu pamipendero yekufamba kwevanhu, kune pfungwa dzekukodzera kwemhirizhonga yemumugwagwa (kupokana nemapurisa, kupisa kwezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurongwa hwecapitalist, nezvimwewo). Bato rehurongwa hwecapitalist inotungamirwa nePASOK ine nekudaro semhedzisiro mhirizhonga ye "koukouloforoi" mukuunganidza. Kunze kwazvo kubva kune "vakafukidzwa," dhiraivha yakajeka yehutongi hwematanho inodyisa tsika yekupokana neparamende mukati mezvikamu zvebato revashandi. Masirogani akadai sekuti “Ngazvipise!” kana kuti “Ipai mbavha kuvanhu!” vakashevedzera kakawanda mukuratidzira. Mazana evaratidziri akaedzawo kugura mitsetse yekuchengetedza yeParamende, vasati vasundwa nechisimba nemapurisa.[10]

 

Kutarisa Pamberi uye Mushure meMay 5

 

Zviito zvemusi wa5 Chivabvu zvakabudirira nekuti zvakange zvakagadzirira: kuunganidzwa kwevazhinji kwaisava kungoerekana kwaitika, asi mhedzisiro yemwedzi mitatu yekuunganidzwa nemasangano evashandi. Kubva muna Kukadzi 24, bato remubatanidzwa rakazvibata mukurwisa hurongwa hwehudzvanyiriri hwakaziviswa, nokudaro vachiramba boka rinotonga nevatauriri varo kugarwa kweruzivo nezvematongerwo enyika. Ndizvo chaizvo izvo kutsoropodza, kunoitwa kuburikidza nezviito mumigwagwa uye munzvimbo dzebasa, izvo zvakabvumira sangano rezvemagariro kuti ritaure zvinogona kuitika kunze kweiyo yakanyorwa nemari yemari. Nekudaro, pfungwa yekupindura uye yekudzikisira yekuti chirongwa ichi chakaipa chakazununguswa, zvichivhura nzira yekurwisa kwakakurumbira.

 

Musi waKukadzi 24, danho rekutanga rekuramwa mabasa rakapindura matanho ehusterity akaziviswa nehurumende. MuAtene, vanhu 45,000 10,000 vakanga vari mumigwagwa; muSalonika, maiva ne28 XNUMX. Mukuratidzira kweAthens, Dimitri, injiniya wehurumende ane makore XNUMX okukura, akatsanangura zvikonzero zvokuunganidza kwacho achiti: “Tinoda basa, mihoro yakanaka uye inishuwarenzi yechokwadi yenzanga. Nyika yedu inofanirwa kuremekedza tsika dzeEuropean Union izvo zvisina kunaka. "[11] Kuramwa mabasa kwechipiri kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kwakaitika munaKurume 24 pamwe nekuratidzira mumaguta makuru enyika.

 

Kuramwa mabasa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana (Kukadzi 24, Kurume 24, Chivabvu 11 uye Chivabvu 5) pasina kupokana yaive mienzaniso inooneka kwazvo yekukurudzira kwakakurumbira kunopesana nekuomesera. Asi zvimwe zviito, zvakaganhurirwa muhukuru, zvakabata basa rakakosha mukuvaka chinhanho uye kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi mubato rekupokana. Fabien Perrier, mutori wenhau weFrench Communist Party zuva nezuva l'Humanité, yakasimbisa mamiriro ezvinhu emhirizhonga munzanga yakaitika muAthens mukupera kwaApril: “MuAthens, zuva rimwe nerimwe, migwagwa iri kushevedzera kushevedzera kwevaratidziri uye kwemapoka enyanzvi akatsamwa.”[12]

 

Zvizhinji zvezvirongwa izvi zvakabatsira kugadzirira kuramwa mabasa. Semuenzaniso, musi wa5 Kurume misangano yeruzhinji yakaitwa mumaguta mazhinji kuvaka kuratidzira kukuru kwaKurume 11. Musangano muVolos (guta riri pamhenderekedzo yeThessaly, kuchamhembe kweAthens) wakaunza pamwe chete kwete chete vemubatanidzwa asiwo yakamisa METKA. vashandi, vachitangira konzati yekubatana yevatambi vakawanda. Nenzira imwecheteyo, Chivabvu 1 vakawedzera kuunganidza vanhu vazhinji pamberi pekuramwa kukuru kwaMay 5. Sangano revashandi vehurumende (ADEDY) rakadaidza vashandi vehurumende kuti varamwe mabasa kubva muna Chivabvu nechikonzero chimwe chetecho. Kudana kwayo kwakateverwa, uye kuratidzira kwakaitwa pazuva iroro.

 

Kuunganidza kwacho kushoma uku kwakabvumirawo bato revashandi kuti riite hondo yekukunda pfungwa dzeveruzhinji. Zviito zvakawanda nokudaro zvakapindura hurumende panguva yega yega yedambudziko. Nokudaro, apo George Papandreou akaita musangano nevatori venhau musi wa25 Kubvumbi kuti azivise kuti aizomutsa nzira yeEurope yokutsigira nemari, mazana evaratidziri akapindura mumigwagwa yedhorobha reAthens achishevedzera kuti: “Kurwisana kwevanhu kuchaparadza imba yokuurayira yeIMF.”[13] Mazuva maviri gare gare, pana April 27, vashandi vehurumende vakanga vachiramwa mabasa uye vadzidzisi vakanga vakadzika musasa paSyndagma Place, pamberi peParamende, kuti vashore kubuda ropa kwaitambura negadziriro yedzidzo yavose. Zvichakadaro, chiteshi chengarava chePiraeus chakavharwa nekurova kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kwevafambisi vechikepe zvichitevera kudanwa kwemubatanidzwa wavo, PNO.

 

Danho nedanho, izvo zvaiita sezvisingadzivisiki mundangariro dzevazhinji zvakava mubvunzo waifanira kugadziriswa neukama hwemasimba. Ongororo yemafungiro epepanhau reGreek Ku Vima akafungidzira chikamu cheavo vanopokana nekudzikiswa kwemihoro pa79.5% yevanhu.[14] Mukati memusangano wevanhu, vatori vechikamu vari kuwana chivimbo, uye pfungwa yokuti mugumisiro wekurwisana hausati wagadziriswa uri kuwedzera. Despina, ane makore makumi maviri nemanomwe, haana kutora chikamu mukuratidzira kwaMay 27 kwevashandi vehurumende. Akasimbisa zvakadaro kune vanhu mutori wenhau kuti “avo vari kufamba vakarurama: vakanzwisisa mativi esangano iri. Vashandi vehurumende ndivo vekutanga [vanyajambwa vakananga vezviyero zvokuomesera]; asi Girisi yose ichatambura. Mibatanidzwa yakabatana, uye hurumende yave kutanga kuzununguka. "[15]

 

Wese munhu ane pfungwa dzinofambira mberi anorumbidza kuramba kwevashandi vechiGreek kuhudzvanyiriri hwemari yemari. Kuunganidzwa kwemwedzi mitatu yapfuura kwave kwakakodzera nhaka yezvematongerwo enyika yekurwira hudzvanyiriri hwejunta (1967-1974) uye yekupokana kwekutanga kune fascism. Mibvunzo yakawanda yakakosha haisati yagadziriswa.

 

Chekutanga, zano rinoteverwa nehutungamiriri hwemubatanidzwa rakavhurika mubvunzo. Pamberi pehurumende inoramba kuterera kuratidzira kwevanhu mumigwagwa, uyezve ichimanikidza paramende kuti iite matanho anotarwa nevemabhizimusi makuru, hapana here njodzi yekuti kuramwa mabasa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kunogona kuve humbowo hwekushaya simba kwesangano iri. kuchinja mafambiro ezviitiko? Bato revashandi muFrance rakasangana nedambudziko rinoodza moyo muchirimo chegore rapfuura mushure mekutenderera katatu kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Mugumisiro wezviitiko hausati wasarudzwa muGreece.

 

Asi nguva inogona kunge iri kudivi revashandi, chero vatungamiriri vayo vaine hushingi hunodiwa. Inguva yakadii, semuenzaniso, iyo hurumende yePASOK nevamwe vayo vekuEurope vanogona kuramba vakatarisana nekuramwa kukuru kusingaverengeki kunotungamirwa nemagungano makuru evazhinji?

 

Mubvunzo wechipiri une chekuita nehurongwa hwesangano resangano revanhu. Ichakwanisa here kubatana kuita izwi rimwechete kana chikuva? Ichakwanisa here kumisikidza demokrasi uye inobatanidza nhengo inotaura muzita rezvikamu zvayo zvakasiyana mumigwagwa uye nekuona kuzvitonga kuzere kwekuunganidza kwayo?

 

Iyi mibvunzo inoita seyakakoshera sezvo vachizoona mumwedzi iri kuuya kubudirira kana kutadza kwekuedza kwevashandi kuzvara mikana mitsva nekudaro kurwisa kufa kweneoliberal barbarism. Mamiriro acho akakwirira: remangwana rekare remagariro evanhu riri kusarudzwa nhasi mumigwagwa yeAtene.

 

Dimitris Fasfalis anobva kuQuebec, uye ava kugara muParis. Imwe vhezheni yekutanga yechinyorwa ichi yakabudiswa muchiFrench pasi pemusoro unoti: “La résistance sociale en Grèce: bilan et perspectives.” Yakaturikirwa uye yakagadziridzwa nemunyori. Chinyorwa ichi chakatsikiswa pamwe chete ne Izwi reSocialist.

 

 

Mashoko Omuzasi

 

1. Ona “Grèce, après la grève” naAndreas Sartzekis.

 

2. Avgi, May 6.

 

3. mutsa, May 6.

 

4. Avgi, May 6.

 

5. Kuramwa mabasa kwekutanga kwakatangwa nevashandi vehurumende 'ADEDY musi waKukadzi 11 ukuwo hutungamiri hwepamusoro hweGSEE hwakaramba kupinda mumauto avo, vachipikisa kuti zvido zvevashandi vehurumende hazvina kukanganiswa nezviziviso zvehurumende. Izvo zvinobatsira kusimbisa kuti Panagopoulos inhengo yePanhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) inotungamirwa neMutungamiriri wehurumende George Papandreou. Mukutarisana nekumanikidza kuri kuwedzera kubva kumarenji, vatungamiriri veGSEE vakaungana neADEDY Kukadzi 24 panguva yekutanga 24-awa general kuramwa. mutsa, May 6.

 

6. mutsa, May 6.

 

7. mutsa, May 11.

 

8. Avgi, May 6.

 

9. Avgi, May 7.

 

10. Avgi, May 6.

 

11. mutsa, February 25.

 

12. mutsa, April 27.

 

13. Avgi, April 25.

 

14. mutsa, May 5.

Chivabvu 5th General Strike

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