Muchidzidzo chake chinopinda "Ideal Illusions: Sei Hurumende yeUnited States Yakasarudza Kodzero dzevanhu," nyanzvi yezvenhau dzepasi rose James Peck anoti, "Munhoroondo yekodzero dzevanhu, hutsinye hwakaipisisa hunogara huchiitwa nemumwe munhu, kwete isu" - chero ani " isu” ndizvo.

Inenge nguva ipi neipi munhau inopa mifananidzo isingaverengeki. Ngatichengetei masvondo mashoma apfuura.

Musi waChivabvu 10, MaOlympics eZhizha akavhurwa panzvimbo yekuzvarwa yemitambo yekare yeGreek. Mazuva mashoma zvisati zvaitika, zvisina kumboonekwa, hurumende yeVietnam yakanyorera tsamba kuInternational Olympic Committee ichitaura "kushushikana kukuru kweHurumende nevanhu veViet Nam nezve danho reIOC rekugamuchira Dow Chemical Company semubatsiri wepasi rose anotsigira Olympic Movement. "

Dow akapa makemikari akashandiswa neWashington kubva 1961 zvichienda mberi kuparadza zvirimwa nemasango muSouth Vietnam, achinyudza nyika neAgent Orange.

Iyi chepfu ine dioxin, imwe yeanouraya zvakanyanya carcinogens anozivikanwa, anokanganisa mamirioni eVietnamese uye mazhinji masoja eUS. Kusvika nanhasi muVietnam, vana vakabviswa pamuviri uye vacheche vakaremara ndivo vangangokonzeresa mhosva idzi - zvisinei, tichifunga nezvekuramba kweWashington kuferefeta, tinongova nezvidzidzo zvemasaenzi eVietnamese nevanoongorora vakazvimiririra.

Kujoinha chikumbiro cheVietnamese vachipokana neDow ihurumende yeIndia, Indian Olympic Association, uye vakapona pakuputika kunotyisa kwegore ra1984 Bhopal gasi, imwe yenjodzi dzakaipisisa dzemaindasitiri, dzakauraya zviuru nekukuvara vanopfuura hafu yemiriyoni.

Union Carbide, mubatanidzwa wakakonzera njodzi, yakatorwa naDow, iyo nyaya yacho isina kana hanya nayo. Muna Kukadzi, Wikileaks yakaratidza kuti Dow yakahaya US yakazvimirira yekuferefeta agency Stratfor kuti itarise varwiri vachitsvaga muripo kune vakabatwa uye kutongwa kweavo vane mhosva.

Imwe mhosva huru ine mhedzisiro yakaipa kwazvo ndeyekurwiswa kweMarine paguta reIraq re Fallujah munaNovember 2004.

Vakadzi nevana vaibvumirwa kutiza kana vaigona. Mushure memavhiki mashomanana ekuputika kwebhomba, kurwiswa kwacho kwakavhurwa nemhosva yakanyatsorongwa yehondo: kupinda mu Fallujah General Hospital, apo varwere nevashandi vakarayirwa pasi, maoko avo akasungwa. Nenguva isipi zvisungo zvakasunungurwa; komboni yacho yakanga yakachengeteka.

Chirevo chepamutemo chaive chekuti chipatara ichi chaitaura vanhu vakakuvara, uye nekudaro chaitorwa sechombo chekuparadzira.

Zvakawanda zveguta racho zvakasiiwa mu“matongo okusvuta,” pepanhau rakashuma apo veMarines vakatsvaka vapanduki mu“hondo” dzavo. Vapambi vakarambidza kupinda kusangano rerubatsiro reRed Crescent. Kusipo kuferefetwa kwepamutemo, kukura kwemhosva hakuzivikanwe.

Kana zviitiko zveFallujah zvinoyeuchidza zviitiko zvakaitika muBosnia enclave yeSrebrenica, ikozvino zvakare munhau nekutongwa kwemhirizhonga yemukuru wemauto eBosnia Serb Ratko Mladic, pane chikonzero chakanaka. Kuenzanisa kwechokwadi kungave kunodzidzisa, asi hapana kutya kweizvozvo: Imwe hutsinye, imwe kwete, netsanangudzo.

SekuVietnam, vaongorori vakazvimiririra vari kuzivisa kwenguva refu mhedzisiro ye Fallujah kurwisa.

Vatsvakurudzi vezvokurapa vakawana kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwekufa kwevacheche, kenza uye leukemia, kunyange yakakwirira kudarika Hiroshima neNagasaki. Uranium mazinga mubvudzi uye masampuli evhu anodarika zvakanyanya kuenzaniswa.

Mumwe wevasina kujairika vaferefeta vanobva kunyika dziri kuvhota ndiDr. Kypros Nicolaides, mutungamiriri wenzvimbo yefetus-medicine research centre paLondon's King's College Hospital. “Ndine chokwadi chekuti vanhu vekuAmerica vaishandisa zvombo zvakakonzera kuremara uku,” anodaro Nicolaides.

Mhedzisiro inoramba iripo yekusazvibata kwakakura kwakataurwa mwedzi wapfuura napurofesa wezvemitemo weUS, James Anaya, mutori wenhau weUN pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu veko.

Anaya akashinga kutsika-tsika munzvimbo yakarambidzwa nekuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu anokatyamadza pakati pevakasara veNative America vagari vemuUS - "urombo, hutano husina kunaka, kushaikwa kwedzidzo yepamutemo (uye) hutsinye hwemagariro pamitengo inodarika yevamwe. zvikamu zvevanhu veAmerica,” Anaya akashuma kudaro. Hapana nhengo yeCongress yaida kusangana naye. Kuburitswa kwenhau kwaive kushoma.

Vanopokana vanga vari munhau mushure mekununurwa kunoshamisa kwebofu wechiChinese anorwira kodzero dzevanhu Chen Guangcheng.

“Bope renyika dzakawanda,” Samuel Moyn akanyora muThe New York Times mwedzi wapera, “rakamutsa ndangariro dzevaimbova vapanduki vakadai saAndrei D. Sakharov naAleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn, magamba eboka rokuMabvazuva erimwe zera akatanga kuita ‘kodzero dzevanhu dzepasi pose’ kuva rusununguko rwenyika yose. kuchemera vatsigiri pasi rose uye chinhu chakakwirira pazvirongwa zvehurumende dzokuMadokero.”

Moyn ndiye munyori webhuku rinonzi “The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History,” rakaburitswa muna 2010. MuThe New York Times Book Review, Belinda Cooper akapokana nekutsvaga kwaMoyn kukurumbira kwazvino kwezvinangwa izvi kusvika ku“(Mutungamiri Jimmy) nhanho dzeCarter dzekubvisa pamuviri. kodzero dzevanhu mumutemo wokune dzimwe nyika uye zvibvumirano zveHelsinki zva1975 neSoviet Union,” ichinyanya kutaura nezvokushungurudzwa muSoviet Union. Anoona dzidziso yaMoyn isinganyengetedzi nekuti "imwe nhoroondo kune yake iri nyore kugadzira."

Chokwadi chakakwana: Imwe nzira iri pachena ndiyo inopihwa naJames Peck, iyo isingagone kutariswa nevazhinji, kunyange hazvo chokwadi chakakodzera chakajeka uye chinozivikanwa kune kudzidza.

Nokudaro mu“Cambridge History of the Cold War,” John Coatsworth anoyeuka kuti kubvira muna 1960 kusvikira ku“kuputsika kweSoviet muna 1990, nhamba dzevasungwa vezvamatongerwe enyika, vanyajambwa vokutambudzwa, uye kuuraya kwavapikisi vezvamatongerwe enyika vasina chisimba muLatin America zvakapfuura zvikuru kwazvo avo vaiva muSoviet. Union uye masatellite ayo eEast European. " Asi nekusave huipi, mhosva idzi, dzinoteedzera kupindira kweUS, hadzina kukurudzira mhirizhonga yekodzero dzevanhu.

Vafemerwawo nekununurwa kwaChen, New York Times munyori wenhau Bill Keller anonyora kuti "Vanopikisa vane gamba," asi vanogona "kutsamwisa vamiriri veAmerica vane bhizinesi rakakosha rekuita nenyika dzisingagoverane zvatinokoshesa." Keller anotsoropodza Washington nekutadza dzimwe nguva kurarama zvinoenderana nehunhu hwedu nekukasira kuita kana vamwe vachipara mhosva.

Iko hakuna kushomeka kwevanopikisa magamba mukati menzvimbo dzeUS pesvedzero nesimba, asi ivo vasingaonekwe sevakabatwa neLatin America. Tichitarisa zvakangoitika pasirese, tinowana Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, mubatsiri weBahrain Center for Human Rights, musungwa wehana weAmnesty International, akatarisana nerufu mujeri kubva mukuramwa nzara kwenguva refu.

Uye Baba Mun Jeong-hyeon, muprista wechikuru wekuKorea akakuvara zvakaipisisa achibata misa sechikamu chekuratidzira kupokana nekuvakwa kwechiteshi chemauto cheUS paJeju Island, inonzi Island of Peace, ikozvino yakagarwa nemauto ekuchengetedza kekutanga. kubva muna 1948 kuurayiwa kwakaitwa nehurumende yeSouth Korea yakatemerwa neUS.

Uye nyanzvi yeTurkey Ismail Besikci, akatarisana nekutongwa zvakare nekuda kwekudzivirira kodzero dzeKurds. Akatopedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake ari mutirongo nemhosva imwe cheteyo, kusanganisira ma1990, apo hutungamiriri hwaClinton hwaipa Turkey rubatsiro rwakakura rwechiuto - panguva iyo mauto eTurkey akaita huipi hwakaipisisa panguva iyi.

Asi zviitiko izvi zvese hazvipo, pamisimboti yakajairwa, pamwe nemamwe akawandisa kutaura.

 Yakaparadzirwa neThe New York Times Syndicate 

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