“Hurumende inofanira kutanga kurarama maererano nezvainokwanisa, sezvinoita mhuri. Isu tinofanirwa kuderedza mari yatisingakwanise kuitira kuti hupfumi hwenyika huve hwakasimba, uye kupa mabhizinesi edu chivimbo chaanoda kuti akure nekugadzira mabasa.

-Mutungamiri Barack Obama, kero yevhiki nevhiki redhiyo, Chikunguru 2, 2011

"Dai US yaive bhizinesi, raizove bhizinesi riri kukundikana. Ndiro dambudziko. Iwe unofanirwa kushandisa zvishoma pane zvaunogadzira. Bhizinesi 101."

-Mutengesi wemotokari munzvimbo yeBoston Ernie Boch, Jr., akatorwa mu "Kubva kune vamwe vakapfuma, mbiri mbiri yemitero yakakwira," Boston Globe, Nyamavhuvhu 21, 2011.

 

Batidza chero terevhizheni kana redhiyo gab inoratidza uye hazvitore nguva refu usati wanzwa mumwe munhu achizivisa kuti hurumende inofanira kurarama maererano nezvainogona sezvinongoita mhuri uye mabhizinesi anofanira.

Barack Obama akapa fananidzo iyi chisimbiso chemutungamiri wenyika chekubvumidza muredhiyo mukutanga kwaChikunguru. Muna Nyamavhuvhu, Ernie Boch, Jr., mukuru weBoston-based auto dealership magnate, akawedzera masendi ake maviri kunhare yaWarren Buffett yekukwidza mitero kune vapfumi: aizobhadhara mitero yakawanda chete kana hurumende yakaenzanisa bhajeti rayo seyake uye nevamwe vese. bhizinesi rinofanira kuita.

Asi chokwadi ndechekuti mhuri kana mabhizimisi haaenzanisi mabhuku avo mupfungwa yokurega kukwereta. Uye kunyange dai vakadaro, kusimbirira kuti hurumende iite zvimwe chetezvo zvaizodzima chero chasara chekukura kwehupfumi nekugadzirwa kwemabasa, kwete kuvapisa.

 

Mhuri uye Bhizinesi Red Ink

Mhuri shoma dzinodzikamisa mabhajeti adzo senzira iyo vachengeti vezvehupfumi vava kuda kuhurumende. Dzinenge mhuri dzose dzinoshandisa mari yakawanda kupfuura yadzinowana uye dzinokwereta kuita kudaro. Kana mhuri ikatora chikwereti chemotokari, chikwereti chemudzidzi, kana imba yemba, iri kushandisa mari yaisina.

Kukwereta mugwagwa ndiko kukanganisa here? Kwete kana chikwereti chichikwanisika. Izvo zvinotsamira kwete chete pakukura kwechikwereti maererano nemari inowanikwa yekushandira chikwereti ichocho, asiwo pamashandisiro anoita mhuri mari yakakweretwa. Somuenzaniso, tichifunga kuti ukuru hwechikwereti hunogona kudzoreka, kukwereta kuti ubhadhare dzidzo kunoruramiswa kana dzidzo ikavandudza bviro yokuwana yemhuri nokudaro ichibetsera kugovera mari inodiwa yokubhadhara chikwereti.

Zvimwe chetezvo ndezvechokwadi nezvemabhizinesi. Vanokwereta kuti vadyare uye vashande, kunyanya muUnited States uko makambani anopa mari yakawanda yekudyara kwavo nekukwereta kwete nekupa stock. Nepo nhamba chaidzo dzisiri kuwanikwa nezve maBoch auto dealerships, iva nechokwadi chekuti kambani yaBoch inokwereta kuisa mota panzvimbo yake yaanotengesera veruzhinji kana kuvaka imwezve mutengesi. Kukwereta uku kunobvumira maBoch nemamwe mabhizinesi kushandisa mari yakawanda kupfuura yavari kutora - Bhizinesi 101.

Mhuri nemabhizinesi ari muUnited States vanoita zvishoma zvekukwereta uye zvakati wandei kukwereta kupfuura zvavaimboita kare. Nhasi mhuri dzinotsamira pachikwereti kuti dzigovere zvinodikanwa zvadzo—pachinhu chiri chose kubvira pazvokudya kusvikira kuhuni, kubvira padzidzo kusvikira kuvaraidzo, uye zvikurukuru pokugara. Chikwereti chemhuri yese chakamira pa 92.5% yeGDP muna 2010, inopfuura makumi matatu kubva muzana mapoinzi akakwira kupfuura danho rayo makumi maviri emakore apfuura, 60.2% muna 1990. Uye sezvo chikwereti chavo chakakwira, mhuri dzakaburitsa yakawanda uye yakawanda yemari yadzo kuita mubhadharo pane izvozvo. chikwereti. Muchikamu chekutanga chegore ra2011, kubhadhara kwemhuri pachikwereti chemutengi uye chechikwereti chakadya 11.5% yemari inoraswa yemunhu.

Vemabhizinesi, zvakare, vakawedzera kuvimba kwavo nechikwereti kuti vawane mari yekushanda kwavo. Chikwereti chose chemabhizinesi asiri emari chaive 53% yakakura seGDP muna 1980, asi chakasvika 74.3% muna 2010.

Huwandu uhu zvechokwadi hunonyepa kuti mhuri nevemabhizinesi vanodzikamisa mabhajeti avo gore negore pasina kutsamira pakukwereta kuti vashandise mari inopfuura yavanotambira.

 

Red Ink yeHurumende

Zvakadaro ichokwadi kuti chikwereti chehurumende chemubatanidzwa chakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye nekukurumidza mumakore gumi apfuura sezvo hurumende yagara ichiita kushomeka kwebhajeti. Chiyero chechikwereti chakakosha chehurumende yemubatanidzwa kune GDP yenyika chakakwira kubva pa32.5% muna 2001 kusvika 62.1% muna 2010.

Zvisinei, kubhadhara pachikwereti icho chiri kukwira hachizi mutoro pabhajeti rehurumende yemubatanidzwa pane kubhadhara zvikwereti kuri pabhajeti remhuri. Hurumende yeUS inogona kuramba ichigadzirisa chikwereti chayo nenzira dzisina kuvhurika kumhuri yakapfuma kana bhizinesi hombe. Mutoro wayo wechikwereti, zvino, unosanganisira muripo wemubereko pachikwereti chayo, icho chinosvika 9.5% yemari yemubatanidzwa muna 2011. Ndiyo mapoinzi maviri kubva muzana ari pasi pechikamu chemari yavanotambira iyo mhuri dzakazvipira kubhadhara chikwereti chadzo - mubereko wekubhadhara. uye kubhadhara kune mukuru-mukutanga kwa2011.

Uyezve, chikamu chakanaka chemari yemubatanidzwa chaenda kukudyara kwakanangana nekuwedzera mari yeramangwana (uye yemhuri dzeUS) - yakafanana nemhuri inotora chikwereti chedzidzo kana bhizinesi rinokwereta kuti riwedzere kushanda kwayo. Ongororo ichangoburwa yakaitwa neBrookings Institution, Washington-based think tank, yakawana kuti muna 2008 hurumende yemubatanidzwa yakashandisa madhora mabhiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nesere. kukurudzira hupfumi hwehupfumi uye kubatsira kupa mutero wemari yekushandira chikwereti. Iko kushandiswa kwekutsvaga mari kwakaenzana zvishoma kudarika hafu ye $ 253.8 bhiriyoni yekushayikwa kwebhajeti muna 453.6.

 

Kuda Kwezvematongerwo enyika

Kushora kushomeka kwehurumende yemubatanidzwa uye kukwereta kunosimudzirwa nevanoongorora uye vezvematongerwo enyika vanoti hurumende dzinofanirwa kuenzanisa mabhajeti adzo sezvinoita mhuri nemabhizinesi, kunyangwe sekuderera kwehupfumi, hakusi kungopesana nezviri kuitika. Zvakatiita kuti tinyanye kushata nekuvharisa mari yehurumende painodiwa zvikuru. Kana mabhajeti emhuri akaomerwa, uye kushandisa mari kuchinetswa nevakawanda vasingashande uye nekuwanda kwechikwereti chemba, zvinowira kuhurumende kuti ipe mari inodiwa kuti hupfumi huenderere mberi. Kushandiswa kwehurumende kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vashande uye kupa mari inozosunungura bhajeti remhuri, kuti ivowo vatenge zvinogadzirwa nemabhizimisi.

Chinodiwa kudzoreredza bhajeti reusterity rinofarirwa nevezvematongerwo enyika vanochengetedza muUnited States neEurope nhasi. Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwehurumende uye kuderedzwa kwemitero kune vanhu vanoshanda, kunze kwezvakataurwa neMutungamiri Obama mumutemo wavo wemabasa, zvichaita kuti kushomeka kwebhajeti kuwedzere uye kukwidza chikwereti chehurumende. Asi iyo chiyero chechikwereti chehurumende kuGDP, parizvino 62.1%, ichiri pasi pe1946 rekodhi yepamusoro ye109% pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II, iyo yakateverwa nemakumi maviri emakumi emakore akasimba ekukura kwehupfumi munhoroondo yeUS.

Zvakaitika kare, uye mukati memigariro yakatoipa zvikuru youpfumi kupfuura kusamira zvakanaka kwazvino uno. Muhurukuro yemushandirapamwe wePittsburgh muna Gumiguru 1932, makore matatu muKuderera Kukuru Kweupfumi, mumiriri wemutungamiri wenyika Franklin Delano Roosevelt akavimbisa kuti aizodzikisa mari yemubatanidzwa ne25% uye kuenzanisa bhajeti remubatanidzwa. Asi angove muhofisi, FDR yakadzora pavimbiso yake yekuenzanisa bhajeti ndokutanga iyo New Deal. Paakadzokera kuPittsburgh mukati memushandirapamwe wake wokusarudzwa patsva, FDR yakazivisa, "kuenzanisa bhajeti muna 1936, kana 1933, kana 1934 yaizova mhosva kuvanhu veAmerica."

Pasina mari yakawanda yehurumende uye pasina chido chezvematongerwo enyika chekuenzanisa bhajeti rehurumende se "mhosva kune vanhu vekuAmerica," dambudziko ranhasi rinogona kuramba richienderera mberi kwemakore gumi sezvo dambudziko rehupfumi richiwedzera kune vazhinji vedu.

JOHN MILLER, nhengo ye Madhora & Sense pamwe chete, ndiye purofesa wezvehupfumi paWheaton College.

SOURCES: Barack Obama, Weekly Radio Kero, Chikunguru 2, 2011; Erin Ailworth, "Kubva kune vamwe vakapfuma, mbiri mbiri dzemitero yepamusoro," Boston Globe, Aug. 21, 2011; Congressional Budget Office, Budget uye Economic Outlook: Fiscal Year 2011 kusvika 2021, January 2011; Emilia Istrate naRobert Puentes, "Kuisa mari yekubudirira," Metropolitan Policy Program pa Brookings, Dec. 2009; Arthur MacEwan naJohn Miller, Economic Collapse, Economic Change: Kusvika kuMidzi yeDambudziko, ME Sharpe, 2011; Kero yaGavhuna Franklin D. Roosevelt, Pittsburgh, Pa., Gumiguru 19, 1932; Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Address at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pa.,” Gumiguru 1, 1936, The American Presidency Project.

  

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