Zvakanyanya munyika “guta rakangwara” rinoda chinzvimbo, rinozivikanwa seQuayside, muToronto, rakatarisana kushoropodzwa kweruzhinji kunotyisa kubva mukudonha kwekupedzisira, apo zvirongwa zvekuvaka nharaunda "kubva painternet” zvakatanga kuziviswa. Quayside inomiririra kushanda pamwe chete nesangano rehurumende yeCanada rinonzi Waterfront Toronto neSidewalk Labs, inova yekambani yevabereki veGoogle, Alphabet Inc., kugadzira maeka gumi nemaviri enzvimbo yakakosha yemvura iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwedhorobha reToronto.
Mukufambirana neutopian rhetoric iyo inosimudzira kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvedhijitari, Sidewalk Labs yakaisa Quayside semhinduro kune zvese kubva mukuzara kwemotokari uye kukwira kwemitengo yedzimba kusvika pakusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. The proposal yeQuayside inosanganisira yepakati chitupa manejimendi system, kuburikidza iyo "mugari wega wega anowana masevhisi eruzhinji" senge makadhi eraibhurari uye hutano hwehutano. Munyoreri wechinzvimbo paSidewalk Labs muToronto akavhunduka paakanga ari Abvunzwa mubvunzurudzo yekufungidzira kuti, muguta rakangwara, "kuvhota kungave kwakasiyana mune ramangwana."
Zvimwewo, zvirongwa zvakaenzana zvinosanganisira mota dzisina mutyairi, "musanganiswa-kushandisa" nzvimbo dzinochinja zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemusika, migwagwa inopisa, uye "kuparadzaniswa kwemarara kunogonesa kunzwa." Chinangwa chekupedzisira cheSidewalk Labs inofungidzirwa mabhiriyoni emadhora kuisa mari iyi kuunza hunyanzvi uhu kuti huwedzere - kutanga kusvika kune anopfuura 800 maeka padyo neguta rekumabvazuva kwemvura, uyezve kupasi rose. "Mavambo ekufunga kweSidewalk Labs akabva kuvavambi veGoogle vachifara kufunga nezve 'zvinhu zvese zvaungaite kana mumwe munhu angotipa guta otiisa isu toga," akatsanangura Eric Schmidt, aimbova sachigaro mukuru weGoogle, pakatanga kuziviswa Quayside.
Kubva pakutanga, varatidziri, vanoongorora tekinoroji, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanga vasina chokwadi nezve pfungwa yekuisa Google, kana imwe yemakambani ehanzvadzi yayo, kutungamira guta. Zvavo ndakazoona nezve kushandura chikamu cheToronto kuita mubhedha wekuyedzwa wemakambani zvakakonzereswa, pakutanga, nenhoroondo yekambani yekusazvibata. chepamusoro miitiro uye surreptitious data collection. Ivo kubva zvino vakaburitswa nechakavanzika cheQuayside uye budiriro isina demokrasi, iyo yanga ichinetswa nekushaikwa kweruzivo neveruzhinji - izvo mumwe mutsoropodzi ane. akadana "Kuedza kwekoloni mukutarisa capitalism ichiedza kukanganisa zvakakosha zvemaguta, zvemagariro uye zvematongerwo enyika." Mumwedzi ichangopfuura, nhevedzano yakakurumbira kusiya basa kubva kunhengo dzedare remazano, pamwe chete nevakarongeka kushorwa kubva kuvagari vane hanya, vakawedzera kukura ruzhinji rwevanhu backlash pamusoro peprojekti.
Masvondo mashoma apfuura, Ann Cavoukian, mumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa veCanada nyanzvi dzekuvanzika uye aimbove komisheni wezvekuvanzika weOntario, akave mutori wenhau wekupedzisira. siya basa kubva kupurojekiti. Cavoukian akaunzwa neSidewalk Toronto (sezvo kubatana pakati peWaterfront Toronto neGoogle-sibling Sidewalk Labs kunozivikanwa) senyanzvi yekubatsira kutanga chirongwa che "kuvanzika nedhizaini". Pakutanga akaudzwa kuti data rese rakatorwa kubva kuvagari raizobviswa uye kuitwa kuti risazivikanwe. Cavoukian akadzidza mwedzi wapera, zvisinei, kuti mapato echitatu aizokwanisa kuwana ruzivo rwunozivikanwa rwakaunganidzwa kuQuayside. “Ndaifungidzira tichigadzira Guta Rakavanzika reSmart City, kusiyana neSmart City of Surveillance,” Cavoukian akanyora mutsamba yake yekusiya basa. Zvinetso zvake zvakaenderana neizvo zvevagari vakagara vachinongedza kune zvakavanzika zvekupa migwagwa kune inonyanya kuita purofiti yedata hoover.
Mukupindura mibvunzo kubva kuThe Intercept pamusoro pekusiya basa kwaCavoukian, mutauriri weSidewalk Labs akati, “Sidewalk Labs yakazvipira kuita, sekambani, misimboti yeKuvanzika neKugadzira. Kunyangwe mubvunzo uyu wakagadziriswa, mubvunzo wekuti mamwe makambani ane chekuita nepurojekiti yeQuayside angangodiwa here kuti aite izvi, uye anogona kunge asiri mumaoko eSidewalk Labs.
Zvino, mukuedza kuenderera mberi nebudiriro yeQuayside nguva isati yakwana, a coalition yenyanzvi nevagari vane yakatanga iyo Toronto Open Smart Cities Forum. Boka iri rinomiririra kuedza kwazvino uye kukuru kwevaTorontoni kuti vatange kuve nemhando dzehurukuro neruzhinji, kudzidzisa-mukati, uye nharo dzinofanirwa kunge "dzakaitika gore rapfuura, pakatanga kuziviswa chirongwa ichi," sekureva kwaBianca Wylie, muvambi wemubatanidzwa. yeTech Reset Canada uye mumwe wevanotungamira varongi veanopikisa Sidewalk Toronto. "Maitiro eSidewalk Toronto atanga anopesana nedemocracy zvekuti nzira chete yekutora chikamu ndeyekushingairira kugadzira musoro," Wylie akaenderera mberi.
Toronto Open Smart Cities Forum iri kutungamira muhondo yemuno kurwisa kutengwa kwedata reguta rayo. Kurwira kweboka ndekwekuti vagari vemumaguta pasi rose vanga vachitarisisa. Kunyangwe avo vasina kumbotsika tsoka muCanada vanogona kukurumidza kuve pasi pezvigadzirwa, tsika, uye matekiniki anogadzirwa neSidewalk Toronto, nekuda kwekushandisa masevhisi eGoogle epasi. "Izvi hazvisi zvekutengesa data," akadaro Wylie. "Zviri zvakare nezve kuti data iri riri kushandiswa sei nemamwe marudzi edata mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa. Unogona kufambisa ruzivo rwakawanda mukati meAlfabheti pasina kuitengesa, uye isu tinoda kutaura nezvazvo. ” Mhedzisiro yekukwanisa kweToronto kudzoreredza mumubatanidzwa weGoogle, nemamwe mazwi, ine mhedzisiro kwete yevaCanada chete, asiwo yeramangwana rekuti ndiani anodzora hupenyu hwedu hwevagari.
Guta Rekuongorora
Sidewalk Toronto gakava ririkuenderera mberi rinogona kushanda sechiratidzo chechangobva kuitika kumaguta ari kufunga kusaina pamusoro penzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kumakambani makuru etekinoroji. Sarudzo yaCavoukian yekusiya basa inongomiririra kusiya chigaro munguva pfupi yapfuura kwave kutaurwa naWylie se "kushungurudza kunoramba kuripo kwevanobatanidzwa." Pamusoro peCavoukian, iyo Waterfront Toronto board member uye maviri Waterfront Toronto digitaalinen varairidzi vakasiyawo basa mumwedzi mishanu yapfuura. Vamwe vatatu vanachipangamazano vedhijitari vane zvakare akatyisidzira kusiya basa kunze kwekunge shanduko huru yaitwa kune chirongwa chekuronga chirongwa.
Tichitarisira nhau dzisina kunaka, Sidewalk Labs yakapa madhora gumi nerimwe emadhora ayo ekutanga emamiriyoni makumi mashanu ebhajeti ku "nhaurirano / kubatikana / uye hukama neveruzhinji." Izvi zvinosanganisira a nzira yevanokurudzira kuvaka "kuona kutsigirwa kweMaster Innovation uye Development Plan pakati pezvikamu zvakakosha muToronto." Svondo rapfuura, iPolitics Zvinonzi kuti Sidewalk Labs yatanga kukwezva angangoita 19 madhipatimendi emubatanidzwa, kusanganisira hofisi yemutungamiri wehurumende, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Public Health Agency yeCanada, neTreasury Board, pakati pemamwe. Misangano yese yakaitika mazuva mushure mekusiya basa kwaCavoukian, aimbova komisheni wekuvanzika kweOntario.
Asi kusvika pari zvino, chirongwa ichi chave kurasikirwa nevabatsiri nekukurumidza kupfuura zvazvanga zvichivaita. Kana Saadia Muzaffar, nyanzvi ine mukurumbira uye muvambi weTechGirls Canada, vakasiya kubva kuWaterfront Toronto's Digital Strategy Advisory Panel muna Gumiguru, zvakakonzeresa muchidimbu "kusaremekedza zviri pachena kwekunetsekana kwevagari nezve data uye madhijitari." Muhutachiona hwake tsamba yekusiya basa, Muzaffar akashoropodza hurongwa hwekusatendeseka hweSidewalk Toronto: “Hapana chinhu chitsva pamusoro pekuvaka maguta chinobvisa vagari varo nenzira dzemanomano uye chinobira mihoro inokosha kubva mubhajeti rehurumende, kana kuita mari shoma yeruzhinji mukuchengetedza kunoenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi hweutungamiri hweguta. haana kana kuzivisa kudiwa.”
Kana mamwe mapurojekiti epasirese eGoogle ari chero chiratidzo, chirongwa cheSidewalk Lab muCanada chinogona kunyatsoenderana neSilicon Valley modhi yekupa masevhisi emahara mukutsinhana nekodzero yekuunganidza data isingaverengeki. Sidewalk Labs-yakabatana BatanidzaNYC uye InLinkUK makiosks akatoiswa muNew York neLondon. Makiosks — anosanganisira makamera matatu, masennzi makumi matatu, uye mabhikoni eBluetooth — unganidza data risingazivikanwe nechinangwa chekushambadzira kuitira kupa vapfuuri masevhisi emahara eWi-Fi.
Tichifunga kuti hapana nzira yechokwadi yekubuda munzvimbo yeruzhinji, veToronto vanga vachibvunza mibvunzo nezve mvumo ine musoro ingaite. Kana iri yeQuayside, zvibvumirano zvechero zvibvumirano hazvingovharidzi Wi-Fi chete asi kuti zvinogonawo kuwedzera kumabasa ehurumende anokosha. Julie Di Lorenzo, mugadziri wezvivakwa akasiya Waterfront board muna Chikunguru, akatsanangura kune AP kuti mibvunzo yaakange abvunza nezve vagari vangangoramba kugovana data yakanga isina kupindurwa. Aida kuziva kana avo vasina kusarudza kupinda muguta vaizoudzwa kuti havangagaremo. "Chinhu chimwe chete kuisa Alexa mumba mako," akanyora Mutori wenhau weToronto Brian Barth. "Imwezve kana zvivakwa zveveruzhinji - migwagwa, mabhiriji, mapaki nemaplaza - is Alexa, sekutaura. "
Chinowedzera kune izvi zvinonetsa inyaya yekuti Sidewalk Labs yakakumbira vangangove varairidzi venzvimbo kuti vape zvese zvehungwaru zvinhu zvavo, sekureva kwazvino Globe and Mail. kuongorora. Sezvo Jim Balsillie, aimbove CEO weBlackberry, achangobva kuratidza mune op-ed, Waterfront Toronto yasiya muridzi wezvinhu zveuchenjeri uye data zvisina kugadziriswa muchibvumirano chayo chazvino uno; izvi zvinoreva kuti yaizotadza kuSidewalk Labs, ichipa kambani mukana wakakura wemusika. Chokwadi, mune chiziviso gore rapfuura, Schmidt akasvika pakutenda vateresi vekuCanada nekugadzira imwe tekinoroji yeAlphabet yakakosha yehungwaru, iyo pfuma yeruzivo iyo kambani yava muridzi wayo. Balsillie akacherekedza kuti zvinoitika muToronto "zvichava nekukanganisa kwakadzama uye kwekusingaperi pakodzero dzedhijitari uye budiriro yevose vekuCanada nekuti IP [nzvimbo yehungwaru] uye data - zviwanikwa zvakakosha zvezana ramakore redu - zvinopararira zvisina musono." Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei varipo uye vaimbove vatori vechikamu muWaterfront Toronto vakadaidzira kuti veruzhinji vagamuchire mabhenefiti emari kubva kuchirongwa ichi, vachisimbisa kuti guta guru reCanada harifanirwe kungoonekwa serabhoritari yemudhorobha yekambani yeU.S.
Mutauriri weSidewalk Labs akati “hukama hwekambani nevanoita makondirakiti hwayo haukanganisi zvibvumirano zvayo neWaterfront Toronto neimwe nzira, kusanganisira kuzvipira kwayo kuhurongwa hwakatarwa muPDA, iyo inoti mune ramangwana Waterfront Toronto inogona kuva nekodzero dzezvimwe. Sidewalk Labs IP. Ehe, kana Sidewalk Labs isiri yavo IP yakagadzirwa nehurongwa hwekuronga, haingave nesimba rekugovera kana kuendesa IP iyo kuWaterfront Toronto kana chero ani zvake."
Zvakadaro kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, Sidewalk Labs yakaramba kutaura kuti ndiani achave nedata rakagadzirwa nevashanyi veQuayside, vashandi, uye vagari mune yainodaidza kuti "nharaunda inoyerwa kwazvo pasirese." Kana kambani yakanga isina kujekesa, kunyangwe yakatarisana mibvunzo pamisangano yeruzhinji yemutaundi, ingave kana kuti ruzivo rwunopinda sei kubva kumasensa mumabhenji emupaki, marambi emumigwagwa, uye marara aizoitwa mari. (Munyori Evgeny Morozov ane rakapfupiswa Zano reGoogle se "Zvino zvese zvatenderwa - kunze kwekunge mumwe munhu achinyunyuta.")
Mumhinduro iri pachena kune kukwira kuri kuwedzera kumanikidza veruzhinji kupokana neprojekiti, Sidewalk Labs nguva pfupi yadarika akasunungurwa chirevo chayo chekutanga chekutonga kwedhijitari yedata rayo rakaunganidzwa. Chinonyanya kukosha pakati pezvirongwa izvi yaive zano rekuti data rese riiswe mu "civic data trust." Pa blog yekambani, Alyssa Harvey Dawson, Sidewalk Labs 'Musoro weData Governance, akatsanangura kuti nekugadzirwa kwakarongwa kweiyo civic data trust, hapana angave ne "kodzero yekuve neruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva kunharaunda yeQuayside - kusanganisira Sidewalk Labs." Izvi zvinomiririra, akanyora, "chiyero chitsva chekushandisa zvine chekuita nedatha chinochengetedza kuvanzika kwevanhu uye zvido zveveruzhinji zvichigonesa makambani, vaongorori, vanogadzira, hurumende, uye masangano evagari kuvandudza hupenyu hwemudhorobha vachishandisa data yemudhorobha."
Sekureva kwenyanzvi dzanga dzichitevera chirongwa ichi zvakanyanya, ruzivo rwekuti kuvimba uku kungaitwe sei hakuna kujeka uye dzimwe nguva kupokana. Kune rumwe rutivi, chikumbiro chinoti Sidewalk Labs haiwane mukana wekuwana chero data rinounganidzwa. Kune rimwe divi, saSean McDonald inotsanangura, "trust yakarongwa yaizopa marezinesi ekuunganidza nekushandisa data - uye zvakanyanya kunzwisiswa nedata, ndipo painozonyanya kukosha." Panewo mubvunzo wekuti sei rimwe data risingazivikanwe, uye kuti kusazivikanwa kwakadaro kungadzoserwe here kana tasvika pakugovana ruzivo nevemutemo. Vamwe vagari varipo zvinopesana kuSidewalk Labs kuve nechekuita neino data proposal. “Zvinoita sekuti Uber yaizotaura mirau yekugovera ngoro, kana kuti Airbnb yaizoudza kanzuru yeguta matongerwo ezvirendi zvenguva pfupi. Netsanangudzo, pane kupesana kwechido," akanyora Nabeel Ahmed, nyanzvi yeguta rakangwara uye nhengo yeToronto Open Smart Cities Forum.
Chikamu chechinangwa cheToronto Open Smart Cities Forum kuchinjisa nhaurirano yeruzhinji kubva mukukakavadzana nezvezvishoma zvishoma zvezvirevo zvakarongwa nekambani uye takatarisana nekufunga kwakadzama kwekuti chirongwa ichi chinofanirwa kufambira mberi pasi pezvipi zvese. Hurukuro iyi, Wylie anosimbisa kuti, inofanira kunge ichiitika pakati pevagari nehurumende; Sidewalk Labs haifanire kunge iri izwi chete rinoisa mazwi uye kusimudzira ajenda. "Tinofanirwa kutaura zvakajeka uye zvisina kujeka kuti zvivakwa izvi ndezveruzhinji," Wylie akadaro. "Unogona kuti muna Kurume," Iyi data haisi kutorwa, asi muna Chikunguru, inogadziridzwa kuita chimwe chinhu. Zvivakwa izvi zvinogadzira kuongororwa kunonzwisisika chero uchigara uchichengeta musuwo wakavhurika kune izvo zvinogoneka. "
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