Mubatanidzwa uchangobva kuumbwa wemapoka ezvekukurudzira watanga mushandirapamwe wekugumisa kutonga kwaDuke Energy kwenguva refu pamusoro peakawanda emagetsi eNorth Carolina netarisiro yekuti kubvumidza makwikwi pakati pemajenareta emagetsi kuchakurumidza kushandura simba rakachena uye kuunza ruyamuro rwekusvibisa kunharaunda dziri munjodzi.
Nhengo dze Energy Justice NC mubatanidzwa unosanganisira masangano emunharaunda, edunhu, uye enyika ezvemamiriro ekunze nemagariro. Pakati pavo pane 350.org, Appalachian Voices, Center for Biological Diversity, Down East Coal Ash Coalition, Chikafu uye Mvura Watch, Shamwari dzePasi, uye NC Environmental Justice Network. Imwe nhengo yemubatanidzwa inoona nezvemamiriro ekunze, NC WARN, iyo ine nguva refu vakamanikidzwa kuti vapedze kukutonga kwaDuke.
Mubatanidzwa nguva pfupi yadarika wakaita musangano nevatori venhau muRaleigh kuti vazivise kuumbwa kwavo uye kudonongodza zvinangwa zvawo, izvo zvinosanganisirawo kuita kuti vakuru vehurumende nevemuno vasiye kubvuma kwekambani. mipiro yezvamatongerwe enyika uye vanogadzwa kuNC Utilities Commission vanozosimuka kuna Duke voisa zvido zveveruzhinji pamberi. Coalition yakazivisa kuti yave kutanga a chikumbiro chesarudzo yesimba muNorth Carolina uye akakoka vanhu, masangano, uye mabhizinesi kusaina. Yatiwo iri kutevera mitemo, kunyange hazvo isati yaunzwa.
"Duke simba rekutonga, uko simba rakasviba riri mambo, rinoda kupera," akadaro Jean Su, director wesimba paCentre for Biological Diversity. "Dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rinoda kuti tibvise mafuta nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, asi kubata kwaDuke kuNorth Carolina kuri kumisa shanduko yesimba rakachena mumakwara ayo."
Yakavakirwa muCharlotte, North Carolina, Duke Energy ndiyo hombe yeUS inopa magetsi, ichigadzira 90 muzana yemagetsi anoshandiswa munzvimbo yayo yekumba. Ndiyo zvakare yepamusoro kabhoni emitter pakati pezvishandiso zveUS, maererano neEnergy uye Policy Institute. Muna 2017, iyo akasunungurwa anenge 105 miriyoni metric matani ecarbon dioxide chete, kubva paanenge 153 miriyoni muna 2014.
Sezvinoratidzwa nekudonha kwayo, Duke Energy yanga iri kuwedzera simba rayo rekuitazve simba mumakore achangopfuura. Sekureva kwechinyorwa chezvino chekusimudzira chekambani, chizvarwa chayo chakasiyana-siyana maererano nehukuru hwevaridzi i39 muzana gasi rechisikigo nemafuta emafuta, 36 muzana marasha, 18 muzana yenyukireya, uye 7 muzana hydropower uye solar. Asi vatsoropodzi vanoti Hurongwa hwaDuke hwazvino kuve nezvinovandudzwa, kusanganisira simba remvura, zvinomiririra gumi nemana muzana yehuwandu hwayo hwekugadzira panosvika 14 haina kukwana kupihwa kuti masayendisiti anotungamira emamiriro ekunze pasirese. ndanyevera kuti vanhu vane makore gumi nemaviri chete ekuchengetedza kudziya kwepasi kusvika pa12 degrees Celsius, kupfuura iyo njodzi yekusanaya kwemvura, mafashamo, uye kupisa kwakanyanya kunowedzera zvakanyanya.
Vatsigiri vesimba rakachena vanewo vakatsoropodzwa iyo kambani iri kukura kuvimba negasi rechisikigo, iro rinonyanya kuve methane - an ine simba zvakanyanya greenhouse gasi munguva pfupi. Duke ndomumwe wevanobatika muAtlantic Coast Pipeline, a purojekiti ine nharo pamwe mukuru kururamisira kwezvakatipoteredza iyo yaizotakura gasi rakatsemuka kubva kuWest Virginia kuenda kuNorth Carolina. Gasi rechisikigo rakawanda kwazvo rinodonhedza mumhepo panguva yekuchera, yekufambisa, uye kuchengetedza zvekuti kushandiswa kwayo kugadzira magetsi kwakatokwana. zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kumamiriro ekunze mumakumi emakore ari kuuya kupfuura kushandiswa kwemarasha.
Monopolies simba kuMaodzanyemba
Kugadziridza musika wemagetsi weNorth Carolina kwaizoreva kugumisa mitemo yakagara yakasiya South zvakanyanya pasina makwikwi pakati pemakambani emagetsi.
Magetsi akatanga kugadzirwa kuti agovane kutengeserana mu1880s, uye zvehupfumi pamwe nekuchengetedza zvinetswa zvakatungamira kune mutemo weindasitiri - kutanga nemakanzuru, tevere nenyika. Indasitiri yakakurumidza kuonekwa se "natural monopoly" iyo yakashanda zvinobudirira zvikuru kana nhamba yevanopa mumusika wakapiwa yakarambidzwa, kana indasitiri "yakabatanidzwa" (zvinoreva kuti makambani mamwe chete akabudisa simba uye akashanda maitiro ekugovera), uye kana chimiro chemutengo chaidzorwa nehurumende yenyika.
Iyo modhi yakagadziriswa ne Public Utility Holding Company Act ye1935, mutemo wakakosha weNew Deal-era mutemo wakakura kubva mukuferefeta kwehurumende muWall Street Crash ye1929 uye zvakazokonzeresa Great Depression, izvo zvaisanganisira kuputsika kwehumambo hweveruzhinji utility kambani yakaparadza 600,000 vanemasheya. PUHCA yakatsigirwa neU.S. Rep. Sam Rayburn wekuTexas uye US Sen. Burton Wheeler wekuMontana, vese maDemocrats.
MuNorth Carolina, ikozvino utility regulatory system yakadzika midzi mukugadzirwa kweiyo post-Civil War njanji network. Kukura kwenjanji uye masimba ezvitima zvakakurudzira vafambisi vekumaruwa kuti vade mutemo wehurumende kuti uchengetedze mitengo yakaderera, zvichitungamira mukusikwa kwa1891 kweNC Railroad Commission, iyo yakauya kuzotarisira telegraph, nhare, steamboat, uye canal makambani pamwe nevanopa magetsi. . Iyo NC Utilities Commission yakazobuda uye nhasi inotongawo makambani anopa gasi chaiwo nemvura, pakati pemamwe masevhisi.
Asi kutanga kumakore ekuma1970, mitengo yemafuta yakakwira, kunetsa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji zvakaita kuti paitwe fungidziro yemhando yemonopoly utility model. Mukupindura, Congress yakapasisa nhevedzano yemitemo yakanyatso bvisa pairi - semuenzaniso, na kubvumira makambani asiri ekugadzira magetsi kutengesa magetsi kune zvishandiso pamitengo yemusika, uye nekupa mvumo yemubatanidzwa simba regulators kuti bvumira kutakura kwechitatu-bato simba pamusoro utility mitsetse.
Kuedza kugadziridza kwakasangana nekudzokera shure mushure meiyo California magetsi dambudziko ye2000-2001, umo makambani emagetsi - achitungamirwa neHouston-based Enron, akazoenda kubhengi - akagadzira kushomeka kwekushandisa kwekugadzira kukwidza mitengo mumusika wemakwikwi ehurumende, zvichikonzera kudzimwa kwemagetsi uye kusava nechokwadi nezvesimba remusika wemahara. Asi muna 2005, kugadziridza zvakare kwaive patafura seCongress akapfuura mutemo kuti, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvakabvisa mutemo wa1935 kugadzira utility monopoly model.
Nhasi, nyika dzakagadzirisa misika yavo yemagetsi kuti dzibvumire kukwikwidzana pakati pevanopa magetsi dzakanyanya kuNortheast neNew England, sezvinoonekwa pamepu inoenderana Yunivhesiti yeTexas kuAustin Energy Institute inoshuma. Asi Maodzanyemba anoramba achitongwa ne monopolies.
Panguva iyo Arkansas neVirginia vakatanga basa rekugadzirisa misika yemagetsi, kuedza ikoko kwakamira. Arkansas parizvino haipe sarudzo yemakwikwi, maererano neAmerican Coalition yeCompetitive Energy Suppliers, nepo Virginia inopa sarudzo chete kune vasingagari vatengi munzvimbo dzeAppalachian Power uye Dominion service, uye kune vatengi vekugara vanoda 100 muzana yesimba rinowanikwazve uye vane zvishandiso vasingazvipi. Georgia inobvumira sarudzo yemagetsi chete kune makuru ekutengesa uye maindasitiri vatengi.
Muchokwadi, iyo chete nyika yekumaodzanyemba ine chaiyo magetsi sarudzo iTexas, uko vatengi vekugara munzvimbo zhinji vanogona kusarudza pakati pevanopa.
Vavhoti veFlorida vanoyera mukati
Asi Southern states 'kuomerera kune utility modhi iri kutarisana nematambudziko - uye kwete muNorth Carolina chete. Kune zvakare kuyedza kuri kuitika kugadziridza musika wemagetsi muFlorida, uko Duke Energy ari mutambi mukuru, achishandira nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe nepakati penyika semutongi wedunhu.
Dare rezvematongerwo enyika reAlachua, Florida rinodaidzwa kuti Citizens for Energy Sarudzo parizvino riri kuyedza kuisa shanduko yebumbiro pavhoti ya2020 kuti ivhure musika wemagetsi wehurumende kumakwikwi. Boka iri raifanirwa kuunganidza 76,632 siginicha kuti zvikodzere chirevo chavo chekuongorora Dare Repamusorosoro; it yakaendesa 79,132 masiginecha anoshanda muna Ndira. Chikumbiro ichi chinodaidzira kuti misika yese yemagetsi neyekutengesa munyika "ikwikwidze zvizere." Initiative yacho vatsigiri vakanyorwa kunyanya mabhizimisi madiki.
Kana dare rikatendera mazwi, Citizens for Energy Sarudzo vangada kuendesa masiginecha anosvika mazana manomwe nemakumi matanhatu nemazana maviri kusvika Kukadzi 766,200, 1, kuti vawane chikumbiro pavhoti yaNovember 2020. Kuti upfuure, chiyero ichi chaizoda kubvumidzwa ne2020 muzana yevavhoti, uye zvaizoda kuti paramende yenyika ipasise mitemo yekugadzira patsva.
Vagari veSarudzo dzeMagetsi yakanyoreswa nehurumende September apfuura uye akashandisa mari inopfuura $1.1 miriyoni kusvika Jan. 31. Boka rinowana mari yaro kubva kuCoalition for Energy Choice, sangano risina purofiti iro vabatsiri varo havazviise pasi pekuzivisa zvinosungirwa. Kupikisa chiyero chekuvhota iboka rinonzi Floridians for Affordable Reliable Energy, vane bhodhi rinosanganisira nhengo yedare repamusoro renyika AFL-CIO, aimbove director director weDemocratic Party, uye mutungamiri weHillsborough County Democratic Black Caucus. Vamwe vanopikisa vanosanganisira Florida Chamber of Commerce uye Associated Industries yeFlorida.
Vatsoropodzi veFlorida vanoyera kushushikana pamusoro pekugona. Nekudaro, zvidzidzo zvakaburitsa zvinopokana zvakawanikwa pamusoro pekuti kugadziridza kunokanganisa sei mitengo yekugara. A 2015 report pamusika weTexas unokwikwidza wakawana vamwe vatengi vachibhadhara zvishoma nepo vamwe vachibhadhara zviuru zvemadhora kupfuura vatengi vemagetsi emagetsi. Asi iyo American Public Power Association's ongororo ichangopfuura ye federal data kubva ku1997 kusvika ku2017 yakawana mutsauko mudiki mukutengesa chiyero chemagetsi kuwedzera mune monopoly vs. zvechokwadi, the muvhareji wekutengesa mutengo wemagetsi kuvatengi vekugara i11.25 cents pakilowatt-awa mumakwikwi eTexas uye 11.29 masendi muFlorida monopol. Zvichakadaro, vatsigiri vekusarudza magetsi nongedzera kune data kuratidza mitengo yemagetsi iri kudonha mumatunhu nemakwikwi - uye iri kukwira zvakanyanya muFlorida's monopoly system.
Chimwe chinhu chiri pachena ndechekuti, zvirinani muNorth Carolina, vanhu mumativi ezvematongerwo enyika vangade kuwana simba rakachena. A chisarudzo yakabudiswa muna 2017 neConservatives for Clean Energy yakawana kuti 63.9 muzana yeNorth Carolina Democrats, 53.9 muzana yevavhoti vasina hukama, uye 25.7 muzana yeRepublicans vanoti kutsigira simba idzva rakachena kwakakosha kwavari. Zvikamu zvidiki zvikuru zvemapoka aya zvakati kuwedzera kukwikwidza pakati pevanopa kwakakosha - asi zvakanyanya kupfuura zvavakati vanotsigira kuongororwa kwemafuta negasi kumahombekombe, uko kwakawana zvematongerwo enyika mudunhu mumakore achangopfuura. Nepo pasina mapoka anochengetedza akabatana neEnergy Justice NC kusvika pari zvino, John Locke Foundation, boka rinotungamira rekuchengetedza mitemo, voice support yekupedza hutongi hweDuke zvichitevera kuparara kwekambani 2014 marasha emarasha murwizi rweDan.
"Isu tinofanirwa nekodzero yekuzvisarudzira rudzi rwesimba uye kuti ndeipi kambani yemagetsi yakazvikodzera isu," akadaro Amy Adams weAppalachian Voices.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta