2011 raive gore rekuchinja.
Yakatanga nezviuru zvevanhu kuMiddle East vachisimuka vachida kuti hurumende inodzvinyirira ipere uye kutaura mune ramangwana ravo.
Mudzimu iwoyo wekuchinja wakapfuurira gore rose. Nyika yakagamuchira nyika itsva yeSouth Sudan, mhedziso yerunyararo rwemakore akawanda. Musangano wepasi rose wevaratidziri wakatanga kuita chiito kumisa mutemo waityisidzira vakadzi veAfghan. United Nations yakatanga sangano idzva rakazvipira kuvimbisa kodzero dzevanhukadzi pasi rose.
Zvinhu zvose izvi zvakafanana papi? Kubudirira uku, nezvimwe, zvakaitwa kuti zvikwanisike nevakadzi—munzvimbo dzavaigara uye munzvimbo dzepasi rose dzemasimba—vakaungana kuti vade shanduko.
Vakadzi Vanorima Mbeu dzeArab Spring
Kuratidzira kweArab Spring kwakatora nyika nedutu. Vakasimudzira hurumende dzakanga dzatonga kwemakumi emakore, uye vakadzi ndivo vaiva pakati pazvo zvose.
Mafungiro ekuMadokero evakadzi vechiArab anovaratidza sevanhu vakadzvinyirirwa. Asi vaiva vakadzi, kazhinji vakadzi vaduku, vakaridza runhare rwaiunza vanhu mumigwagwa. MuEgipita, Asmaa Mahfouz yakatumira vhidhiyo ichidaidza vanhu kuti varatidzire muna Ndira 25-uye yakabva yapararira. Yakatanga masaisai yaisagona kumiswa. Uye fungu iro rakaramba richipararira, zuva nezuva, richipararira munharaunda, nokuti vakadzi vakaramba vachimhanya.
Vakadzi vanoziva kuti basa ravo harina kupera kana hutongi hwekare hwaparara. MuEgypt, vakadzi vane zvakare kuendeswa mumigwagwa vachida kuti hutongi hwemauto huri kuenderera mberi hupere. Vakarohwa uye kurohwa, kubviswa mbatya uye kushungurudzwa. Asi havasi kuburuka. Basa redu riri mberi nderekumira nevakadzi vakashinga vakabatsira kubvisa hudzvanyiriri uye kuvabatsira kuchengetedza budiriro dzavakaita.
Kushandira Kusikwa Kwerunyararo kweSouth Sudan
Chizvarwa chevanhu vekuSudan chakakurira muhondo. Vakadzi vaitambura, vachitamburira kuchengeta mhuri dzavo nechisimba. Asi pane zvose izvi, vakaronga kuti vaite kuti pave nerunyararo.
Hurongwa hwerunyararo hwakareba makore hwakakwira nekusikwa kwenyika itsva pasi rose muna Chikunguru — South Sudan. Nenharaunda dzichiri kupora kubva mumakumi emakore ekunetsana, vazhinji vainetsekana kuti kupatsanurwa kwaizokonzera kutsvedza kudzokera kuhondo.
Asi masangano emadzimai akaramba kuti izvozvo zviitike. Vatungamiri vanoda Fatima Ahmed, muvambi wesangano rekodzero dzevanhu Zenab for Women in Development, vakadzidzisa vavhoti, vakadzidzisa vakadzi sevaongorori vesarudzo uye vakataura nezverunyararo.
Vanhu vachiri panjodzi, uye kuramba kurwiswa kwechisimba kwakaparadza nharaunda. Asi rugare runopfuura kungokunda kamwe chete—runofanira kuchengetwa uye kurarama. Saka bato remadzimai ekuSudan rinoramba richishandira runyararo nekuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhukadzi—kumativi ose emuganhu mutsva. Ikozvino, Fatima ari kushanda nesimba kutsigira kodzero dzevanhukadzi mukuongorora bumbiro remutemo reSudan.
Kuchengetedza Dzimba dzeVakadzi muAfghanistan
Naseema aiziva kuti murume wake aimushungurudza aizomuuraya kana akasapunyuka. Nemhaka yeboka rinorwira kodzero dzevakadzi renzvimbo dzokugara dzevakadzi, iye nevana vake vakakwanisa kutiza munyika yacho—ndokuponesa upenyu hwavo.
Asi pasi pemutemo wakataurwa nehurumende yeAfghan kutanga kwegore rino, Naseema angadai akamanikidzwa kudzoka kumurume wake kubva kwaanogara.
Mutemo mutsva uyu ungadai wakabvisa kutonga kwedzimba dzevakadzi kubva kumasangano emadzimai akashinga ayo ave kuaendesa kuvakuru vehurumende vanokwanisa kuona mapindiro zvichienderana nekuongororwa humhandara uye kusarudza kudzorera vakadzi kuvarume vanoshungurudza.
Vanorwira kodzero dzevakadzi, muAfghanistan nekumwe, vakaungana kuti vadzivise danho rakaipa iri. Uye isu takakunda: bhiri rakaraswa. Zvino, vakadzi veAfghan vachine rusununguko rwekutendeukira-pasina mibvunzo inobvunzwa-kunzvimbo dzekugara kwavanogona kutiza mhirizhonga inotyisidzira hupenyu nekushungurudzwa.
Kuvhurwa kweUN Women
Kwemakumi emakore, vatsigiri vakarwira kucherechedzwa kuzere kwekodzero dzevanhukadzi. United Nations yakanga iri nzvimbo huru yehondo iyi. Zvakadaro mabasa ekurwira kodzero dzevanhukadzi kuUN aigara achipihwa mari shoma. Masangano eUN akaumbwa kuti agadzirise nyaya dzevakadzi aive madiki, asina kubatana uye asina simba.
Zvese izvo zvakatanga kushanduka muna 2011 nekutanga kwe UN Women, sangano rakazvipira kuvimbisa kodzero dzevanhukadzi. Kwemakore, vatungamiriri vanoda Charlotte Bunch, muvambi weCentre for Women's Global Leadership, akaronga mushandirapamwe, akaronga nevanorwira kodzero pasi rose uye akakurudzira vamiririri veUN—zvose izvi kuita kuti UN Women ibudirire.
Pasinei nedambudziko iri, matambudziko akawanda ari mberi. Nyika dzanonoka kuendesa mari kusangano idzva. Uku kukuvadza kwakakomba kusangano rakasungirwa kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu kuhafu yevanhu venyika. Asi sezvatakarwira kugadzira UN Women, tinofanira kumira nesangano kuti rirambe rakasimba-nekuda kwevakadzi pasi rose vachivimba nazvo.
Vakadzi Simukai Nerunyararo
Nguva nenguva, tinoona kuti runyararo harungawanikwi pasina manzwi nehutungamiriri hwemadzimai. Muhondo, vakadzi vanowanzonangana nechisimba, kusanganisira kubatwa chibharo uye kubatwa chibharo. Pamusoro pazvo, vakadzi vanowanzochengeta vanotambura zvakanyanya munharaunda dzavanogara, kusanganisira vana nevakwegura. Asi, kazhinji, vakadzi vanonyimwa chigaro patafura yenhaurirano yerunyararo.
Asi muna 2011, mubairo weNobel Peace Prize wakapihwa vakadzi vatatu. Kwakanga kuri kucherechedzwa kushoma kwebasa rakakosha rinoitwa nevakadzi mukuda runyararo nekuvakazve nharaunda dzavo.
MuLiberia, Leymah Gbowee akatungamirira chikwata chekuratidzira chevakadzi vakaita makore emurindo werunyararo. Vakaramba kunyarara vakati varwi vehondo vaise pfuti pasi. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf akava purezidhendi wechikadzi wekutanga weLiberia, achigadzira nzira yekupora. Mumwe mukundi, Tawakul Karman, murwiri werunyararo muYemeni. Zvikumbiro zvake zvekusununguka kwenhau, kusunungurwa kwevasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika uye kubviswa kweMutungamiriri weYemeni Ali Abdullah Saleh zvakazoita kuti arege basa.
Kushevedzera Kwepasi Pose kweRuramisiro
2011 yakatanga nekumukirana kwakakurumbira munyika dzeArab. Uye sezvo 2011 anosvika kumagumo, kumukirana kwatenderedza pasi rose. Bato reOccupy Wall Street, muNew York City uye pasi rose, rinoratidza kuramba kuri kuramba kuchiita bhizimisi senguva dzose. The 99%, vachitambura kwemakore pasi pemitemo yeuneoliberal inobatsira vapfumi uye inoshaisa varombo, vari kutora chimiro.
Uye kufamba hakusi kuenda chero nguva nokukurumidza. Zvikumbiro zvaro zvinonzwika munharaunda dzepasi rose dzinonyatsoziva kuparara kwemitemo yehupfumi inobata zvinodiwa zvakakosha sezvinhu zvinotengeswa panzvimbo pekodzero dzevanhu.
Kune dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda kune neoliberal policy. Dzakatotaurwa nezvadzo nevakadzi vanonangana zuva nezuva nemitoro inorema zvikurusa yokusaruramisira kwoupfumi. Vakadzi ava vashandi vemufekitari vechikadzi vekuGuatemala vanoronga mabasa akanaka uye vakadzi vekuIraq vanopikisa kutorwa kwehurumende yavo nemakambani emafuta. Ivo vanopa mhinduro dzatinoda tese uye dzinoenderana nekufona kweOccupy Wall Street kufamba.
Tinopinda muna 2012 munyika yakashanduka, iyo yakagadziridzwa nebasa rakazvipira revakadzi vanorwira. Nekukunda kwega kwega, kufambira mberi kunoenderera mberi. Ticharangarira gore ra2011 nekumukirana nekumukirana kwaro. Ngachive zvakare chinofanotungamira kune zvitsva zvingangoitika muna 2012.
Yifat Susskind ndiye Executive Director veMADRE.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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