Kunobva: Chokwadi
Kudziya kwepasi rose kuri kukurumidza, kuri kuunza pasirese pedyo nekumucheto kwemawere. Mafungu ekupisa, mafashamo uye kufa inhau huru, uye se Zvakashata ane Zvinonzi, โtembiricha yakaipisisa yezhizha rino yakaparirwa nenjodzi yemamiriro okunze iyo, kutozosvikira nguva pfupi yapfuura, kunyange nyanzvi dzezvemamiriro okunze dzisina tariro zvikurusa dzaifunga kuti yakanga ichiri makore makumi maviri kana matatu apfuura.โ Asi, sekutaura kwaNoam Chomsky mubvunzurudzo pazasi, vezvenhau vemakambani vakazvipira kunenge kuvharika kwakawanda nezuva rimwe kumukomana wemombe wemuchadenga kupfuura zvaakaita gore rose ra2020 kune dambudziko guru rakatarisana nevanhu.
Nyika iri kurasikirwa nehondo yekurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze here? Sei kuchine dambudziko remamiriro ekunze kuramba uye kusaita basa? Sarudzo iri pachena: Tinoda chiito chepasi rose kugadzirisa kudziya kwepasi kana kutarisana nemhedzisiro yeapocalyptic, anodaro Chomsky, nyanzvi yeruzhinji ine mukurumbira pasi rose ari Laureate Purofesa weLinguistics paYunivhesiti yeArizona uye Institute Purofesa Emeritus kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , uye ndiye munyori wemabhuku anodarika zana nemakumi mashanu pamusoro pemisoro yakaita semitauro, nyaya dzepasi rose, mutemo weUS kunze kwenyika, hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika uye nhepfenyuro.
CJ Polychroniou: Chokwadi chemamiriro ekunze chiri kuwedzera zuva nezuva - kupisa kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeUS neCanada, netembiricha inokwira kunyange kupfuura 49 degrees Celsius (kupfuura 120 degrees Fahrenheit); mafashamo anouraya kumadokero kweEurope, nevanoda kusvika 200 vakafa uye mazana akasara asingazivikanwe mumafashamo; uye Moscow yakasangana nezvayo yechipiri-inopisa June. Kutaura zvazviri, mamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa anotoshamisa masayendisiti ezvemamiriro okunze, uye iye zvino ari kushamisika nezvekururama kwemhando dzekufanotaura. Ndedzipi pfungwa dzako panyaya idzi? Zvinoita sekuti nyika iri kurasikirwa nehondo yekurwisa kudziya kwepasi.
Noam Chomski: Ungangorangarira kuti makore matatu apfuura, Oxford nyanzvi yefizikisi Raymond Pierrehumbert, munyori anotungamira weIntergovernmental Panel ichangobva kuburitswa yeIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), akanyora kuti "yave nguva yekuvhundukaโฆ. Tiri mudambudziko guru.โ
Zvakadzidzwa kubva ipapo zvinongowedzera nyevero iyoyo. Chirevo che IPCC chinyorwa chakaburitswa Agence France-Presse muna Chikumi 2021 yakanyorwa zvisingadzoreki mapoinzi ari pedyo zvakanyanya, nyevero ye "zvakakomba zvishoma nezvishoma, mazana emakore akareba uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvisingadzoreki."
Nyamavhuvhu 3 apfuura kwaive kupukunyuka nepadiki kubva kune ingave yaive njodzi isingatsananguriki. Mamwe makore mana emujaho weshungu waTrump kuenda kugomba rakadzika-dzika anogona kunge asvika pazvibodzwa izvi. Uye kana bato rinoramba rakadzokera pachigaro, rinogona kunge ranonoka kuvhunduka. Chokwadi tiri mudambudziko guru.
Iyo yakaburitswa IPCC dhizaini yaive kubva kusati kwanyanya mamiriro ekunze ezhizha 2021, izvo zvakashamisa masayendisiti emamiriro ekunze. Kupisa kwepasi "kwakanyatso kuenderana nekufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze kubva makumi emakore apfuura," nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze Michael Mann akacherechedza, asi โkukwira kwemamiriro okunze akaipa zvikuru kupfuura kufanotaura.โ Chikonzero chinoita sechikonzero chekupisa kwemhepo kwainge kusati kwaonekwa muzvidzidzo zvemamiriro ekunze: kuzunguzika kwejet stream, izvo zviri kukonzera zviitiko zvakanyanyisa zvatambudza nyika zhinji mumavhiki mashoma apfuura.
Mashoko anotyisa ane divi rakanaka. Inogona kumutsa vatungamiriri vepasirese kuti vazive zvinotyisa zvavari kugadzira. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kuona zviri kuitika pamberi pemeso avo zvinogona kukwezva kunyange iyo GOP neyayo Fox News echo chamber kuti upinde mukuona kwechokwadi.
Isu takaona zviratidzo zveizvi mudambudziko reCOVID. Mushure memakore ekunyudzwa munyika yavo ye "dzimwe chokwadi," mamwe magavhuna eRepublican anga achinyomba matanho ekuzvidzivirira ari kucherechedza, sezvo denda ririkurova nyika dzavo nekuda kwekushaya matanho ekudzivirira uye kuramba kwekudzivirira. Sezvo Florida yakatungamira nyika yese munyaya nerufu, Gov. Ron DeSantis vakatsigira nzira (zvishoma chete) kubva mukunyomba kwake - kuunza mhosva dze kutengesa kunze kumuvengi kubva kuvakuru vebato uye zvichida kuisa mungozi zvido zvake zvemutungamiri wenyika. Chinjo inogona, zvisinei, yakanonoka kukanganisa bato rinovimbika iro rakaiswa murukova rwekusaziva.
Pamwe kuona kwemaguta ari kunyura nekutsva kunogonawo kukanganisa GOP-gava kuvimbika kune sirogani โRufu kunjere, Viva rufu,โ yakakweretwa kubva muzvinyorwa zvefascism.
Kuramba kwekuparadza kwezvakatipoteredza kune zvakunoita kune maonero evanhu. Maererano ne sarudzo dzichangoburwa, ye58 muzana yeRepublicans, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze "haisi chinhu chakakosha." Vanopfuura zvishoma 40 muzana vanoramba kuti vanhu vanoita basa rinokosha muiyi ngwavaira iri kuuya. Uye 44 muzana vanofunga kuti "masayendisiti ezvemamiriro ekunze ane pesvedzero yakawandisa pamakakatanwa ezvemamiriro ekunze."
Kana pakambove nenhoroondo yekuverengerwa kweiyi nguva yakaoma munhoroondo - pamwe nehungwaru hwekunze mushure mekunge vanhu vaparadza pasi rino - uye kana Museum of Evil ikamiswa mukurangarira mhosva, GOP-gava dyad vachave nekamuri yakakosha mukukudzwa kwavo.
Mutoro wakakura zvikuru, zvisinei. Iko hakuna nzvimbo yekudzokorora rekodhi yakashata, asi chinhu chidiki chimwe chinopa mufananidzo wakazara. Sangano rinokosha rekuongorora nhau FAIR inoshuma chidzidzo kuenzanisa kufukidzwa pamangwanani TV yedambudziko remamiriro ekunze pamwe nekutanga kwaJeff Bezos nzvimbo: 267 maminetsi mune yese ya2020 pane yakakosha nyaya munhoroondo yevanhu, maminetsi makumi maviri nemaviri pazuva rimwe chete reBezos's silly PR exercise.
Kudzokera kumubvunzo wako, vanhu vari kurasikirwa nehondo, asi zviri kure nekupera. Nyika iri nani inobvira, tinoziva nzira yokuiwana nayo, uye vanhu vakanaka vakawanda vari kushingaira muhondo yacho. Mharidzo yakakosha ndeyekuvhunduka zvino, asi kwete kupererwa.
Chimwe chezviitiko zvinonyanya kunetsa maererano nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze ndechekuti kunyangwe zvese zvakaburitswa sainzi yemamiriro ekunze zvichiratidza kukanganisa kwekudziya kwepasi kuri kuramba kuchinjika, kukahadzika kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusaita basa kuri kuramba kwakapararira. Semaonero ako, kuramba dambudziko remamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa netsika nehupfumi chete, kana kuti pane chimwe chinhu chiri kushandawo here? Kunyanya, ndiri kushamisika kana paine hukama pakati pekurwiswa kwemazuva ano pasainzi uye chinangwa uye kuramba kwesainzi yemamiriro ekunze uye kusaita.
Kwakanga kune dambudziko rokusava nechokwadi muzana remakore rechi17. Yakanga iri yechokwadi, nguva inokosha munhoroondo yepfungwa. Izvo zvakakonzera kunzwisiswa kuri nani kwechimiro chekubvunza empirical. Ini handina chokwadi chekuti iyo postmodern critique yakavandudza pane izvi.
Nezvemubvunzo wako, ini ndinopokana kuti kutsoropodza kwepashure kwakave nemhedzisiro yakawanda, kana iripo, kunze kwedenderedzwa rakamanikana rakadzidziswa. Iwo makuru masosi ekuramba kwesainzi yemamiriro ekunze - kutaura chokwadi kurambwa kwakawanda kwesainzi - kunoratidzika kwandiri kunge kunyepa kumwe kunhu, kwakadzika mutsika.
Ndakanga ndiri mudzidzi makore 75 apfuura. Kudai mhindumupindu yakataurwa mukirasi, yakatangirwa neyava kunzi nyevero yokutanga: โHaufaniri kudavira izvi, asi unofanira kuziva zvinotendwa nevamwe vanhu.โ Izvi zvaive mukoreji yeIvy League.
Nhasi, nokuda kwamativi makuru echiverengero chavagari vapasi, zvisungo zvakadzika midzi zvorudzidziso zvinorwisana nemiuyo yokunzvera kwesayenzi. Naizvozvo, sainzi inofanira kunge isina kururama, kapoka kevazivi verusununguko mumaguta ehuipi hwakatapukirwa nevanhu vasiri โvechokwadi vekuAmericaโ (hapana chikonzero chekutaura kuti ndiani. ivo vari). Zvose izvi zvakakonzerwa nekushandiswa kunobudirira kwehupenzi munguva yeTrump, kusanganisira hunyanzvi hwake hwekuita zvekugadzira nguva dzose, zvichibvisa musiyano pakati pechokwadi nenhema. Kune muratidziri ane masimba masimba, uye misimboti mishoma kupfuura kuzvirumbidza uye kushumira kunonyadzisa kumagariro evakanyanya kupfuma, hapana sirogani iri nani kupfuura: โNditendei, kwete meso enyu enhema.โ
Sangano rava naVaTrump, iro makore apfuura raive bato rezvematongerwo enyika rechokwadi, rakanga ratofamba munzira yaipa kugamuchirwa nerupo kumunhu akadaro. Taita yakambokurukurwa kuti kupfupika kweRepublican flirtation neicho chaicho pamusoro pekuparadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza panguva yeMcCain mushandirapamwe kwakakurumidza kupedzwa nemushandirapamwe wehama dzaKoch wekutyisidzira. Kekupedzisira vatungamiriri veRepublican vakataura vakasununguka vasingapfugamire VaTrump, muma primaries a2016, vese vaive vakavimbika vanoramba mamiriro ekunze, kana zvakanyanya.
Masayendisiti vanhu. Havasi pamusoro pekutsoropodza, kana masangano avo. Munhu anogona kuwana mhosho, kusavimbika, makakatanwa evana, zvikanganiso zvemunhuwo zvake. Asi kutsoropodza sainzi sekudaro ndiko kushora kuda kwevanhu kunzwisisa nyika yatinogara. Uye zvechokwadi kusiya tariro.
Nhaurirano zhinji pamusoro pedambudziko remamiriro ekunze dzinotenderedza "kuenzana" uye "kururamisira." Tichisiya mubvunzo we "climate equity vs.climate justice," kunyanya muchirevo cheChibvumirano cheParis, tinofanira kupa zvakakosha zvakadii kumakakatanwa aya mumamiriro ezvinhu echinangwa chese chekubvisa hupfumi hwenyika, izvo zviri pachena kuti ndiyo chete. nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko riripo rekudziya kwepasi rose?
Izvo hazvifanirwe kufuratirwa kuti ndivo vashoma, vakapfuma kwazvo, vazhinji vavo vari munyika dzakapfuma, vane mutoro wakakura wedambudziko rezvakatipoteredza, kare uye izvozvi. Decarbonizing uye hanya nekuenzana uye kururamisira, saka, zvinopindirana zvakanyanya. Kupfuura izvozvo, kunyangwe nezvikonzero zvakatetepa, tichiisa parutivi mutoro wehunhu, shanduko huru yemagariro nehupfumi inodiwa kune inodiwa chiyero che decarbonization inofanirwa kunyorera rutsigiro rwakawanda rwakakurumbira, uye izvo hazvizowanikwe pasina chiyero chakakura chekururamisira.
Robert Pollin anga achigadzira nyaya yeGlobal Green New Deal senzira chete inoshanda yekugadzirisa kudziya kwepasi, uye imi muri vaviri vanyori vebasa rakangoburitswa, Dambudziko reMamiriro ekunze uye Global Green New Deal: Iyo Yezvematongerwo enyika Economy yeKuchengetedza Nyika. Pasina kupokana, tinoda kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika mukurwisa kuparara kwemamiriro ekunze nekuti, sezvawakanyatsozvitaura iwe pachako, kungave "kutsakatika kana kudyidzana kwenyika." Mubvunzo wangu kwauri wakapetwa kaviri: Chekutanga, unonzwisisa sei "internationalism" mune yazvino nhoroondo mamiriro apo, kunyangwe zvese zvekudyidzana kwepasirese kuri kuitika mukati memakore makumi mana kana makumi mashanu apfuura, nyika-nyika inoramba iri iyo. central agency? Uye, chechipiri, ishanduko dzipi dzinodiwa kuti dzipe "internationalism" mukana chaiwo wekurwa muhondo yekurwisa mhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasi uko kwave kutogogodza pamusuwo wevanhu?
Kune marudzi akawanda einternationalism. Zvakakodzera kufunga nezvazvo. Vanotakura zvidzidzo.
Imwe nzira yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika imhando chaiyo ye "kudyidzana kwepasi rose" kwakaiswa mukati memakore ehusununguko kuburikidza nenhevedzano yezvibvumirano zvekodzero dzevanodyara mari zvinoita sekutengeserana kwemahara. Inoumba rudzi rwehondo yemhando.
Imwe nzira yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika mubatanidzwa weAxis uyo wakatiunzira Hondo Yenyika II. Chiratidziro chakacheneruka ndicho chirongwa chaTrump chega chegeostrategic: kuvaka kwemubatanidzwa wenyika dzinopindura kubva kuWashington, kusanganisira sechikamu chimwe cheMiddle East Abraham Accords uye zvibvumirano zvayo zvepadivi nehudzvanyiriri hweEgypt neSaudi, zvakatorwa naBiden.
Imwezve nzira yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika yakatsigirwa dzimwe nguva nekufamba kwevashandi, muUS ne "Wobblies," Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Mimwe mibatanidzwa, zvakare, ine izwi rekuti "nyika dzepasirese" mumazita avo, chisaririra chekuzvipira kune chokwadi chepasi rose.
MuEurope, mutauriri ane hunyanzvi hwemhando iyi yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika aive Rosa Luxemburg. Kurwisana pakati pepasi rose nechauvinism kwakasvika pakakwirira nekutanga kweHondo Yenyika I. Chauvinism yakakunda. Sangano reSocialist International rakaparara. MuLuxemburg mazwi ane acidic, sirogani inoti, โVafundisi venyika dzose vakabatanaโ yakasiiwa nokuda kwokuti โVafundisi venyika dzose vanogurana huro.โ
Luxembourg yakabata chokwadi kune chiono chepasi rose, chimiro chisingawanzo. Munyika dzese, vazivi vezvematongerwo enyika vakaungana nechido kune chinangwa chechauvinist. Avo vasina vangangowana nzira yekuenda kujeri, seLuxembourg: Karl Liebknecht, Bertrand Russell, Eugene Debs. IWW yakapwanyika nechisimba chehurumende-capital.
Tichitendeukira kune ikozvino, tinowana kumwe kuratidzwa kwepasi rose. Pakatanga denda reCCIDID mukutanga kwa2020, nyika dzakapfuma dzepakati peEurope pakutanga dzakakwanisa kuitora kana kushomeka pasi pesimba, budiriro yakadonha apo veEurope vakasarudza kusafuratira zororo ravo rezhizha.
Ipo Germany neAustria dzainge dzichiri muchimiro chakanaka kutanga kwa2020, kwakave, zvakadaro, denda rakaipisisa kuchamhembe kweItari mamaira mashoma kumaodzanyemba kwavo, mukati meEuropean Union. Italy yakabatsirwa kubva kune chokwadi chepasi rose - kwete padivi pevavakidzani vayo vakapfuma. Asi, kubva munyika imwe yenyika ine zvisungo zvepasi rose: Cuba, iyo yakatumira vanachiremba kuzobatsira, sezvayakaita kumwe kunhu, ichiwedzera rekodhi inodzokera kumashure. Pakati pevamwe, Panama yakawana rubatsiro kubva kuCuba, asi US yakazvitarisira. Mumushumo waro wekupedzisira wa2020, Dhipatimendi raTrump rehutano neHuman Services rakazvikudza kuti rakabudirira kumanikidza Panama kudzinga vanachiremba veCuba kuchengetedza nyika kubva kuCuba "yakashata".
Kurudziro yakashata, yakataurwa mumazuva ekutanga erusununguko rweCuba muna 1959, yaive yekuti Cuba inogona kutapurira Latin America ne "kubudirira kushora" kwemitemo yeUS kubva paMonroe Doctrine ye1823. Kudzivirira kutyisidzira uku, US yakatanga danidziro huru. yehugandanga uye kudzikiswa kwehupfumi, zvichitevera pfungwa yakatsanangurwa kuDhipatimendi reHurumende muna 1960 naLester Mallory. Akaziva, sekuziva kwenjere dzeUS, kuti "ruzhinji rwevaCuba vanotsigira Castro," uye kuti "nzira chete inofanoona yekubvisa rutsigiro rwemukati ndeyekusagutsikana uye kusagutsikana kunobva mukusagutsikana kwehupfumi uye kuoma." Naizvozvo, "zvinotevera kuti nzira dzese dzinofanira kuitwa nekukasira kuderedza hupenyu hwehupfumi hweCuba ... kuunza nzara, kupererwa uye kupidigura hurumende."
Gwaro iri rakatevedzwa zvine mutsindo neshungu dzebipartisan pakatarisana nekupikisa kwepasirese (kusara kweIsrael). Mazuva oโkuremekedzwa kwakanaka kwemirangariro yorudzi rwomunhuโ akanga asingachakanganwiki kwenguva refu, pamwe chete nezvisina maturo zvakadai seChata yeUN nokutonga kwomutemo. Zvinoshamisa kuti Cuba yapona nekurwiswa kwacho.
Kubudirira kwemutemo wekudzipa nekurwadziswa kunotaurwa nekufara kudiki, kuratidzwa kusina kujairika kwehumbwende hunosiririsa. Pakati pekuratidzira kwakakurumbira kuri kuitika muLatin America, imwe inhau dzepeji rekutanga: muCuba, ichipa Biden mukana wekurova zvirango zvakatowanda ku "villain" nekuda kwekushandisa nzira dzechisimba kudzvanyirira kuratidzira, uko kunoratidzika kunge kwakawanda. "kusagutsikana kwehupfumi uye kuomerwa," uye kutadza kwehurumende yehudzvanyiriri kupindura nenguva uye inoshanda.
Kusarudzika kweCuba kwepasi rose kunodzikisirwawo, kusunungura nyika kubva kune chero kubva kune zvakajairwa zvekuzvifarira, kashoma kutyorwa munzira dzinopfuura dzakaganhurwa.
Izvozvo zvinofanira kuchinja. Parizvino zvave kunzwisiswa zvakanyanya kuti kuhodherwa kwejekiseni nenyika dzakapfuma hakusi kungonyadzisa chete asiwo kuzviparadza. Hutachiona huchachinja munyika dzine hupfumi husina kusimba, uye pakati peavo vanoramba kubaiwa munyika dzakapfuma, zvichiisa njodzi kumunhu wese paPasi, kusanganisira vapfumi. Zvakanyanya kukosha, kupisa kwepasi hakuziviwo miganhu. Hapazovi nekuhwanda kwenguva refu. Zvimwe chetezvo ndezvechokwadi nezvetyisidziro iri kukura yehondo yenyukireya pakati pamasimba makuru: mugumo.
Rosa Luxemburg neWobblies vakagadzira marudzi e "shanduko yehurongwa" iyo vanhu vanofanira kuedza nayo, neimwe nzira. Muchidimbu chezvinangwa zvavaifunga, matanho anofanirwa kutorwa mukuunza veruzhinji vane ruzivo uye vane hanya mumasangano epasi rose ekubatana uye kubatsirana, kuputsa miganhu, tichiziva mugumo wedu wakagovaniswa, tichizvipira kushanda pamwe chete kuti tiite zvakanaka pane "kuchekana". huro.โ
Iyi bvunzurudzo yakagadziriswa zvishoma kuti ijekeswe.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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Noam, ndinokutendai nehurukuro yako yakanaka. Muri chiedza chetariro, chinopenya, mugungwa rerima. Hongu, ndiri kuvhunduka, asi handina kuora mwoyo. Hungu, zvamazvirokwazvo, โmatanho anofanira kutorwa kukubatanidza voruzhinji vane ruzivo nevanoitira hanya mumasangano emarudzi akawanda okubatana uye kuyamurana, kuputsa miganhu, tichiziva mugumo wedu woga woga, tichizvipira kushanda pamwe chete nokuda kwezvakanaka zvavose panzvimbo poโkuchekana huro. ' โ